Lumbu Hileni MP

220072477
Experiment 1
02/05/2021
LAB PARTNERS: Ndume JNS
Sylvanus HN
Iiyambo GK

DETERMINATION OF VAPOUR PRESSURE AND ENTHALPY OF VAPORISATION

ABSTRACT

This experiment demonstrates how one can determine the vapour pressure of water in the
range 50℃ to 80℃ using the simplest of laboratory equipment such as a 10 ml measuring
cylinder, a thermometer, a stirring rod and a tall beaker. This experiment will determine the
vapor pressure of vaporization. A sample of air is trapped in an inverted 10 mL measuring
cylinder immersed in a beaker of water (Toledo, 2017). The water is heated to about 80℃ ,
and the trapped gas becomes saturated with water vapour rapidly at this temperature. The
temperature of the water bath and the volume of the gas in the measuring cylinder are
recorded. The bath is then cooled and the readings of temperature and gas volume are
taken at intervals of 5℃ or less. The vapor pressure of a chemical compound is a measure
of its volatility, the higher the vapor pressure at a given temperature, the greater the
probability that the substance is in the gaseous state rather than the condensed phase
(liquid or solid) (Toledo, 2017). The vapor pressure of a substance increases with increasing
temperature and vice versa. The boiling point is reached when the vapor pressure is equal
to the total pressure of the surroundings.

AIM

The experiment is carried out to determine the vapour pressure and enthalpy of
vaporization.

PROCEDURE

A 10 ml measuring cylinder is filled with tap water up to the 9 ml mark. The top is covered
with a finger and quickly inverted and lowered into a tall beaker that has been filled with
water. An air space of 2 to 3 ml is trapped within the cylinder.
The beaker is placed onto the hotplate and is heated until the volume of trapped air has
expanded just beyond the scale on the measuring cylinder.
The beaker is removed from the hotplate and allowed to cool down. As the water cools,
additional measurements were made at approximately 4℃ intervals down to 50℃ . Ice
was added to speed up the cooling. After the temperature has reached 50℃ , the water is
cooled rapidly to less than 5℃ by adding ice. The gas volume and the water temperature is
recorded.
 RESULTS AND DATA

NUMBER OF GROUPS
MEASUREMENTS 2 4
TEMP ℃ VOLUME/mL TEMP ℃ VOLUME/mL
1 85 8.60 84 8.40
2 81 7.29 80 7.10
3 77 6.20 76 6.10
4 73 5.10 72 5.00
5 69 4.60 68 4.45
6 65 4.20 64 4.20
7 61 4.10 60 3.80
8 57 4.00 56 3.60
9 4 2.80 4 2.60

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this experiment was successful. According to the data I have collected, the
hypothesis is supported/true. The vapor pressure of a substance increases with increasing
temperature and vice versa. But in this experiment the vapor pressure and the temperature
are both decreasing with decreasing volume. Meaning pressure is directly proportional to
temperature.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Patmosphere ×Vcorrected (at < 5℃) 102300 Pa× 2.50 ×10−6

1. nair ¿ ¿ =¿ 9.88× 10-5
RT 8.314 ×277 K
moles

2. 3. 4.
TEMPERATUR TEMPERATUR VOLUME CORRECTED PH20
E ( ℃) E (K) (mL) VOLUME (mL) PAIR (Pa) (Pa) 1/T (K-1) ln PH2O
84.50 357.50 8.50 8.30 35 810 66 490 2.80× 10-3  11.10
80.50 353.50 7.15 6.95 46 939 55 361 2.82× 10-3  10.92
76.50 349.50 6.15 5.95 54 208 48 092 2.86× 10-3  10.78
72.50 345.50 5.05 4.85 65 741 36 559 2.89× 10-3  10.50
68.50 341.50 4.53 4.33 72 784 29 516 2.93× 10-3  10.29
64.50 337.50 4.20 4.00 77 866 24 434 2.96× 10-3  10.10
60.50 333.50 3.95 3.75 82 072 20 228 3.00 × 10-3  9.91
56.50 329.50 3.80 3.60 84 467 17 833 3.03 × 10-3  9.79
4.00 277.00 2.70 2.50        
5. h

6.

7. #The experimental errors that could have influenced the results are such that, when the
thermometer is placed in hot water it should not touch the base of the cylinder as it will
give false results since the base of a cylinder is hotter than the middle or the top, the
temperature is not the same. So instead, it should be place in water but it should be at
least 2 inches above the surface of a beaker to read accurate results.
#There is a small systematic error resulting from the use of inverted measuring cylinders
because the meniscus at the water interface is reversed. It has been estimated, by
introducing known volumes of air into a completely filled inverted cylinder, that the
error involved with the use of 10 mL measuring cylinders is 0.2 mL. Then this value is
subtracted as a correction to each volume reading.
# When recording the temperature at each volume, stir the water bath to avoid thermal
gradients as it can affect the temperature of the water.

REFERENCES

Toledo, M. (2017). Determination of vapor pressure and the enthalpy of vaporization by

TGA. 38.