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Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 12:
Converting a Normal Random Variable
to a Standard Normal Variable and
Vice-versa
Statistics and Probability
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 12: Converting a Normal Random Variable to a Standard Normal
Variable and Vice – versa.
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Dhojie N. Yanto, Elson A. Valencia, and Victor M. Disilio


Editors: Jerome A. Chavez, Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Rey Mark R. Queaño and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral
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Herbert D. Perez
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Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

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E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph
Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 12:
Converting a Normal Random Variable
to a Standard Normal Variable and
Vice-versa
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Converting a Normal Random Variable to a
Standard Normal Variable and Vice-versa!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by


educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and


independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Converting Normal Random Variable to a
Standard Normal Variable and Vice-versa!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or


Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
What I Know
to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.

iii
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity that will
What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real-life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends the retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key
the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in


developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful


learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

iv
What I Need to Know

This module was designed to help you as a learner to converting a normal


random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa. In this
lesson, your acquired knowledge and skills in formula derivation and
rounding off numbers is needed. You will learn how to convert a normal
random variable 𝑥 to standard normal variable 𝑧 and vice-versa.
In a previous module, you have learned about how to illustrate a normal
random variable and its characteristics. It also discussed how to identify
regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard normal
values. This time, you will focus on converting Normal Random Variable to
Standard Normal Random Variable. A normal distribution may take any
values. These values are called raw scores. Raw scores came from different
sources cannot be compared unless we converted them to standard scores.

Meanwhile, the knowledge, skills, and attitude you acquired about the
previous modules of normal distribution such as – the mean, standard
deviation, raw scores (x) and z – scores – is very useful to attain the target
objectives of this module

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. distinguish a raw score (x) and the standard score (z);
2. express normal random variable (x) as standard normal
variable (z).
3. express standard normal variable (z) as normal random
variable (x).
4. apply the concepts of normal random and standard normal
variables in solving real-life problems.

1
What I Know
Let us see how far you will go and how much you know about this pretest.
Please answer all questions with all your best and utmost honesty so that
we can clearly gauge your learning of the target competency of this lesson.
Let’s get started.

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the measure of the number of standard


deviations (σ) a particular data value is away from the mean (μ)?
A. Standardization
B. Random Normal Variable
C. Standard Normal Variable
D. Probability Distribution

2. Given: x = 35 ; µ = 15 ; σ = 4. Find the z score.


A. -5
B. 5
C. 10
D. 15

3. Given: z = - 2.25 ; µ = 60 ; σ = 8. Find the value of x


A. 18
B. 42
C. 78
D. 102

For questions number 4 and 5

Suppose the provincial health officer of Quezon reported that the average
COVID 19 positive for 30 days is 8 patients with the standard deviation of 4
patients.

4. What is the z score of 15 patients?


A. -5.75
B. -1.75
C. 1.75
D. 5.75

2
5. What is the z score of 4 patients?
A. – 1
B. -0.5
C. 0.5
D. 1

6. The mean score of the students on pre-assessment is 10 and the


standard deviation is 2. What was Elson’s raw score if his z – score
is 3?
A. 4
B. 12
C. 16
D. 20

7. Some DepEd public and private schools administered National


Achievement Test for Grade 6 and Grade 10. Suppose the test for
Grade 10 has a mean score of 110 and a standard deviation of 15. If
Juan, a Grade 10 student, has obtain a z-score of 1.27, what was
his score on the test?
A. 91
B. 92
C. 129
D. 130

For questions number 8-10

The Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ) on some places was lifted by


our President Rodrigo Roa Duterte last May 15, 2020. Suppose that after the
said ECQ, one of the dieticians of well-known company conducted the
survey about the effect of home quarantine on the health of the Filipino
people. He found out that average weight for women is 60 kg with a
standard deviation of 4 kg.

8. If the weights are normally distributed, what is the z-score of a


woman with a weight of 70.
A. -2.5
B. -1.5
C. 1.5
D. 2.5

3
9. What is the z score of a woman with a weight of 50 kg?
A. -2.5
B. -1.5
C. 1.5
D. 2.5

10. How many kilograms will be corresponds to the z score of 0.5 of the
weight of woman?
A. 56kg
B. 58kg
C. 60 kg
D. 62 kg

11. If the scores in a Probability and Statistics test are normally


distributed with a mean of 25 and standard deviation of 3.5. What
is the z-score for a score of 30?
A. 1.43
B. 1.06
C. 0.72
D. -1.43

12. Gracia, an ALS student, obtained a z-score of 2.35 in an


achievement test that is normally distributed with a mean grade of
83 and standard deviation of 5. What was Gracia’s grade in the
achievement test?
A. 71.25
B. 80.65
C. 85.35
D. 94.75

13. In a normal distribution with a mean of 69 and standard deviation


of 15, what does a z-score of -2 indicates?
A. It indicates that the score is equal to 39.
B. It indicates that the score is above the mean.
C. It indicates that the score is 39 less than the mean
D. It indicates that the difference between the score and the
mean is 39.

4
14. Francis Leo and Romy who are best friends took a college entrance
examination. The mean score and standard deviation of the
examination are 115 and 12, respectively. If Francis Leo and
Romy obtained z-scores of 1.5 and -0.95 respectively, what was
their scores in the examination?
A. 132 and 104
B. 133 and 104
C. 132.75 and 104
D. 133.75 and 103.6

15. The velocities of cars in express way are normally distributed with
a mean of 80 km/hr and standard deviation of 8 km/hr. Jessie’s
velocity has a z-score of 2.5, what was his velocity?
A. 100 km/hr
B. 105 km/hr
C. 110 km/hr
D. 115 km/hr

How do you find this pre-test? Did you encounter both familiar and
unfamiliar terms, symbols and notation? Kindly compare your answer in the
Answer Key on the last part of this module.

If you obtain 100% or a perfect score, skip the module and immediately
move to the next module. While in the event you missed a point, please
proceed on the module as it will enrich your knowledge in normal
distribution, especially in illustrating the normal random variables and its
characteristics.

5
Lesson Converting a Normal Random

1 Variable to a Standard Normal


Variable and Vice-versa
Did you take your National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) on your
Grade 9? How about the National Achievement Test on your Grade 6 and
10? Have you ever wondered why there are corresponding percentiles in the
test result such as 86, 95 or even 99+? If not, this lesson will teach you on
how to appreciate the importance of knowing the answer in those questions?

What’s In

Let’s review. Solve for x in terms of another variable.


1. ax = b
2. x + y =1
3. y = mx + b
a+ b
4. =1
x
x− μ
5. z = σ

Notes to the Teacher


How to derive a formula? First identify the location of the
target subject and analyze its relationship to another variable. Let
the subject isolated or transferred to the left side of your equation.

To isolate it, do the following conditions:


a. when the required subject has a coefficient, multiply both
side of the equation by its multiplicative inverse or
Reciprocal;
b. when the required subject has co terms, add both sides by
the opposite or apply additive inverse.

Answers:
𝑦− 𝑏
1. x = b/a 2. x = 1-y 3. x = 4. x = a + b 5. x = zσ + μ
𝑚

2
What’s New

Fill Me Up

Complete the table below by filling in the correct value of the required
𝑥− 𝜇
variable. Use this formula 𝑧 = 𝜎 and solve.

z x 𝜇 𝜎
___ 23 18 4
-1.17 ___ 125 30
___ 515 475 100
0.565 ___ 15.5 5.5

This time, you need to reflect on the following questions. Answer the
following questions:

1. How did you find the activity?


2. How were you able to find the value of z? x?
3. Can you derive the formula in finding the value of x?
4. Do you think it is possible to solve for the μ and σ given the value of x
and z?

3
What is It

Was the activity fun and interesting? How did you manage to derive the
formula? Are you successful in completing the table?

The activity allows you to manipulate the given data and the missing
value through derivation. In this case, you convert the raw score (x) into the
𝑥− 𝜇
standard score (z) using the formula 𝑧 = 𝜎 . You substitute the given
values and uses properties of equality and algebraic rules to obtain the
needed data.

In solving real-life problems involving the normal curve, it is


particularly important to convert a random variable x to a standard normal
variable or z-score. This procedure is known as “standardizing” or
“standardization” of a random variable, where a standardized value is called
a z-score. A z-score is a measure of the number of standard deviations (σ) a
particular data value is away from the mean (μ).
Suppose your score on a test in Probability and Statistics is 39 and
the scores are normally distributed with a mean of 33 and standard
deviation of 3, then your score is exactly 2 standard deviations above the
mean. If you scored 30, then it is exactly 1 standard deviation below the
mean. All values that are above the mean have positive z-scores and all
values that are below the mean have negative z-scores. If you obtained a z-
score of -3, this means that your score is 3 standard deviations below the
mean, that is, 33 – 3(3) = 33 – 9 = 24.

Given any value x from a normal distribution with mean μ and


standard deviation σ, to convert x to a z-score (standard normal score), you
need to;

(a) Subtract the mean μ from x.


(b) Divide this quantity, 𝑥 – 𝜇, by the standard deviation σ.

4
The formula used in converting a random variable x to a standard
normal variable z is:
𝑥− 𝜇
𝑧 =
𝜎

where: 𝑧 – standard normal score or z – score


𝑥 – any data value in a normal distribution
𝜇 - mean
𝜎 - standard deviation

Example 1.

Suppose IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and


standard deviation of 10. If your IQ is 85, what is your z-score? (Round off
your answer to the nearest hundredths)

Solution:

𝑥− 𝜇
The z-score can be computed using the formula; 𝑧 = 𝜎

85 − 100 −15
𝑧 = = = −𝟏. 𝟓𝟎
10 10

Example 2.

On a nationwide placement test that is normally distributed, the mean


was 125 and standard deviation was 15. If you scored 149, what was your z-
score? (Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)

Solution:

𝑥− 𝜇
Using the formula 𝑧 = 𝜎
149 − 125
𝑧 =
15
24
𝑧 = = 1.60
15

5
Example 3.

The heights of teachers in Sta. Catalina National High School are


normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm and standard deviation of 15
cm. The height of Sir Victor has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual height
of Sir Victor? (Round off your answer to the nearest hundredths)

Solution:

In this example, z-score is given while the normal random variable is


unknown. To solve for the normal random variable x, multiply the z-score (z)
by the standard deviation σ, then add the mean μ. Therefore;
𝑥 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
= 3.25(15 cm) + 150 cm
= 48.75 cm + 150 cm
𝑥 = 198.75 𝑐𝑚

Example 4.

The time it takes for a cell to divide is normally distributed with an


average of 60 minutes and standard deviation of 5 minutes. How long will it
take for a given cell to divide if its “mitosis” has a z-score of -1.35?

Solution:
𝑥 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
= -1.35(5 min) + 60 min
= -6.75 min + 60 min
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

Example 5.

Suppose you have the population values 40 and 70 and that their
corresponding z – scores are -1 and 2, respectively.
1. Is it possible to determine the population’s mean and standard
deviation?
2. If so, what are these values?

Solution:

To begin, let us first identify the given. Let


𝑥1 = 40 𝑥2 = 70
𝑧1 = −2 𝑥2 = 1

6
Use these given and substitute to the formula (12-2), we have
𝑥1 = 𝑧1 𝜎 + 𝜇 𝑥2 = 𝑧2 𝜎 + 𝜇
40 = −2𝜎 + 𝜇 70 = 1𝜎 + 𝜇

Note: In this example, we do not have 𝜎1 and 𝜎2 , and 𝜇1 and 𝜇2 since we are
describing a single population. Thus, 𝜎1 = 𝜎2 = 𝜎 and 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 = 𝜇.
Furthermore, we need to review our algebra specifically on systems of linear
equation. So,

40 = −2𝜎 + 𝜇 equation 1
70 = 1𝜎 + 𝜇 equation 2

Subtract equation 1 from equation 2, we have

40 = −2𝜎 + 𝜇 equation 1
70 = 1𝜎 + 𝜇 equation 2
30 = 1𝜎 − (−2𝜎)

30 = 3𝜎 the difference
1 1 1
(30 = 3𝜎) multiply by
3 3 3
10 = 𝜎 simplify

The standard deviation of the population is 10. To obtain the mean,


substitute it to either equation 1 or 2.

40 = −2𝜎 + 𝜇 ⇒ 40 = −2(10) + 𝜇 ⇒ 60 = 𝜇
70 = 1𝜎 + 𝜇 ⇒ 70 = 1(10) + 𝜇 ⇒ 60 = 𝜇

Both agrees that the mean of the population is 60.

Therefore,
1. It is possible to determine the population’s mean and standard
deviation given only the raw score (x) and its corresponding
standard score (z).
2. The mean and standard deviation of the population is 60 and 10,
respectively.

7
What’s More

Independent Activity
Your Turn
Find Me

Supply the needed information by solving the missing value.

1. x = 25, µ= 40, σ = 6, z = ?
2. z = -2.25, µ= 218, σ = 36, x = ?
3. x = 39, µ= 30, σ = 3, z = ?
4. x = 125, µ= 105, σ = 8, z = ?
5. z = 1.11, µ= 145, σ = 20, x =?

Independent Assessment
Your Turn
Solve Me
Solve the following problems.

1. The mean number of hours a Filipino worker spends on the


computer is 3.1 hours per workday. Assume the standard deviation
is 0.5 hour and is normally distributed, how long does a worker
spend on the computer if his z-score is 1.2?

2. Each month, a Filipino household generates an average of 28


pounds of newspaper for garbage or recycling. Assume the
standard deviation is 2 pounds. Determine the z-score of a
household that generates 22 pounds of newspaper.

3. The Candelaria Automobile Association reports that the average


time it takes to respond to an emergency call is 30 minutes.
Assume the variable is normally distributed and the standard
deviation is 4.5 minutes. How long will a call be responded if it has
a z-score of 0.75?

4. The average monthly salary for newly – hired teachers is P21,945.


If the distribution is approximately normal with a standard
deviation of P3250. How much will a teacher earn in a month if his
salary has a z-score of 1.15?

8
What I Have Learned

Complete the statements below by filling in what you have learned from this
module. I believe you can do this without going back to the module. In the
event you are unsure with your response. Please reread the module. You can
seek help from your facilitator or classmates if there is something you need
to clarify. Your ability to comprehend and honesty in answering this part is
very much appreciated. Happy learning!

1. A __________ is a measure of the number of standard deviations (𝜎) a


particular data value is away from the mean (𝜇)

2. _________________________________ is equal to the quotient between the


difference of normal random variable (x) or raw score and mean and
standard deviation. It is written as:
𝑥− 𝜇
z= 𝜎

3. __________________________________ is equal to the product of z score


and standard deviation plus the mean. It is written as:

𝑥 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇

9
What I Can Do

Read and analyze the following problem carefully

Victor, a Grade 11 student of Valencia National High School is one of


the candidates for the scholarship program in one of the well-known
companies in their municipality. He was already submitted the different
requirements like ITR of his parents and G10 Report Card. The HR of the
said company make a list of the five priority subjects and he instructed his
clerk to compute the mean and standard deviation. Assuming that you are
the assigned clerk, kindly complete the following table:

SUBJECTS Grade
Filipino 85
English 83
Math 90
Social Science 88
Science 88
Mean
SD

Based on the above data, express each grades of the respective


subjects into z- scores. Show your complete solution and write your final
answer on the following table.

SUBJECTS Grade z- scores


Filipino 85
English 83
Math 90
Social Science 88
Science 88

10
Assessment

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is another term used for standard normal score?


A. z- score
B. mean score
C. x score
D. t score

2. Given: x =125; µ = 105; 𝜎 = 16. Find the z score.


A. -1.25
B. -1
C. 1
D. 1.25

3. Given: z = 2.25; µ = 70; 𝜎 = 9. Find the value of x


A. -49.75
B. 35.11
C. 90.25
D. 148.5

For questions number 4 and 5

Suppose the provincial health officer of Batangas reported that the average
COVID19 positive for 40 days is 10 patients with the standard deviation of 6
patients.

4. What is the z score of 18 patients?


A. 1.33
B. 1.34
C. 4.66
D. 4.67

5. What is the z score of 4 patients?


A. – 1
B. -0.5
C. 0.5
D. 1

11
6. If Elson's z-score on post-assessment is -3, the mean is 10 and the
standard deviation is 2, what was his raw score?
A. 4
B. 12
C. 16
D. 20

7. Some DepEd public and private schools administered National


Achievement Test for Grade 6 and Grade 10. The test for Grade 10
has a mean score of 115 and a standard deviation of 10. If
Juan, a Grade 10 student has z-score of 1.25, what was his
score on the test?
A. 127
B. 128
C. 129
D. 130

For questions number 8 - 10

The Enhance Community Quarantine of some places was lifted by our


President Rodrigo Roa Duterte last May 15, 2020. Suppose that after the
said ECQ, one of the dieticians of well-known company conducted the
survey about the effect of home quarantine on the health of the Filipino
people. He found out that average weight for women is 70 kg with a
standard deviation of 6 kg.

8. If the weights are normally distributed, what is the z-score of a


woman with a weight of 63
A. -1.17
B. -1.16
C. 1.16
D. 1.17

9. What is the z score of a woman with a weight of 85 kg?


A. -2.5
B. -1.5
C. 1.5
D. 2.5

10. How many kilograms will be corresponds to the z score of 1.5 of the
weight of woman?
A. 76kg
B. 79 kg
C. 82 kg
D. 85 kg

12
11. If the scores in a Probability and Statistics test are normally
distributed with a mean of 31 and standard deviation of 4.5. What is
the z-score for a score of 40?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 2.5
D. 3

12. Gracia, an ALS student, obtained a z-score of 1.35 in an


achievement test that is normally distributed with a mean grade of
85 and standard deviation of 5. What was Gracia’s grade in the
achievement test?
A. 71.25
B. 78.25
C. 91.75
D. 94.65
13. In a normal distribution with a mean of 15 and standard deviation
of 3, what does a z-score of -2 indicate?
A. It indicates that the score is equal to 9.
B. It indicates that the score is below the mean.
C. It indicates that the score is 9 less than the mean.
D. It indicates that the difference between the score and the
mean is 6.

14. Ronnie and Loida who are best friends took a college entrance
examination.The mean score and standard deviation of the
examination are 110 and 15, respectively. If Ronnie and
Loida obtained z-scores of 1.25 and -0.75 respectively, what was
their scores in the examination?
A. 129 and 99
B. 128.75 and 88.75
C. 130 and 99
D. 140.75 and 100.75

15. The velocities of cars in express way are normally distributed with a
Mean of 90 km/hr and standard deviation of 10 km/hr.
Jessie’s velocity has a z-score of 2.5, what was
his velocity?
A. 100 km/hr
B. 105 km/hr
C. 110 km/hr
D. 115 km/hr

13
Additional Activities

Read the following problems carefully. Apply what you have learned in the
module.

The Candelaria Automobile Association reports that the average time it


takes to respond to an emergency call is 30 minutes. Assume the variable is
normally distributed and the standard deviation is 4.5 minutes.

a. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of 0.75?

b. How long will a call be responded if it has a z-score of – 1.83?

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Additional Activity
a. 33.38 minutes
b. 21.77 minutes
What I can do
SUBJECTS Grade z- scores
Filipino 85 -0.73
English 83 -1.53
Math 90 1.29
Social Science 88 0.48
Science 88 0.48
𝜇 = 86.8 𝜎 = 2.48
Assessment
1. A 4. A 7. B 10. B 13. A
2. D 5. A 8. A 11. B 14. A
3. C 6. A 9. D 12. C 15. D
What’s New What's More
Independent Practice Independent Assessment
1. 1.25 1. -2.5 1. 3.7 hrs
2. 89.9 2. 137 2. -3
3. 0.4 3. 3 3. 33.375 minutes
4. 18.61 4. 2.5 4. ₱25, 682.50
5. 167.2
What I Know
1. C 4. C 7. C 10. D 13. A
2. B 5. A 8. D 11. A 14. B
3. B 6. C 9. A 12. D 15. A
Answer Key
References
Books
Mahmot, Millard R. Ph.D. and Mamhot, Alice A. M.S.. “Statistics and
Probability”. Unlimited Books Library Service & Publishing Inc.
(2016), ISBN 978-971-9654-55-1, 41 -43.

Malate, Jose S. “Statistics and Probability”. Vicarish Publications and


Trading, Inc. (2017). ISBN 978-421-8030-17-6, 17-26.

Ocampo, Jose M. PhD and Marquez, Wimer G. MA.. Senior High Conceptual
Math & Beyond, Statistics and Probability. Brilliant Creations
Publishing Inc. (2016), ISBN 978-621-8006-27-0, 31-42.

Websites
http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/z_table.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex


Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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