Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Applications

[Lecture Note 20]

Future of BIM
and Advanced Technologies

Meesung Lee
Dept. of Architectural & Urban Systems Engineering
Ewha Womans University
 BIM and Applications

Learning Objectives
▪ Understand Future Trends of BIM

▪ Introduce Future Technologies Related to BIM

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 ▪ Future Trends of BIM √
Contents
▪ Future Technologies Related to BIM
 BIM and Applications

[Revisit] BIM Definition

People

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages

2D 도면

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ Pre-BIM Status

– Organizations are dependent

on manual and 2D CAD tools
and process

– Tools similar to AutoCAD® are

prolifically used to generate
scaled drawings and details

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ BIM Stage 1:
Object-based modeling
– BIM capability is acquired through
the successful implementation of an
‘object-based software tool’ similar
to Revit® , Archicad® and Tekla®
– These tools are used to generate
single-disciplinary models within
design, construction or operation

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ BIM Stage 2:
Model-based collaboration

– Players acquire the ability to

collaborate with other disciplinary
players

– Collaboration occurs
through an interchange
(interoperable exchange) of models
through ‘proprietary*’ formats
(e.g., RVT and NWD) and
non-proprietary formats (e.g., IFC)

*proprietary:
protected by a patent, copyright, or trademark;
privately owned and operated for profit:
Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ BIM Stage 2:
Model-based collaboration
(Cont’d)

– However, at Stage 2, collaboration

between different disciplines is
file-based and one-to-one

– This keeps stakeholders isolated

in their silos with disjointed
supply chain workflows

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ BIM Stage 3:
Network-based integration
– Data-rich models are created, shared
and maintained collaboratively across
project lifecycle phases

– This integration can be achieved through

‘model servers’ (using proprietary or
nonproprietary formats)
• E.g., SaaS (Software as a Service),
Cloud Computing, etc.
• https://www.autodesk.com/products/bim-collaborate/

– BIM Stage 3 models are interdisciplinary

models allowing complex analyses at
early stages of virtual design and
construction

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

▪ Post BIM

– Virtually integrated
design, construction
& operation

– “Connected BIM?”
• Connected to any process,
functions, systems, etc.

Source: http://bimexcellence.org/
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 BIM and Applications

BIM Capability Stages (Cont’d)

Developed by Building Informatics Group, Yonsei University, led by Prof. Ghang Lee
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 BIM and Applications

Barriers of Wider BIM Adoption

▪ Insufficient training and education
Insufficient training and education

▪ Limited expertise
▪ Budgetary constraints (e.g., software license, hardware)
▪ Uncertain effectiveness
Uncertain effectiveness

▪ Cultural issues (e.g., cultural inertia)

Cultural issues (e.g., cultural inertia)
건설업계 내부 문화적 특징 - 보수적

▪ Lack of software functions

▪ What else?

Leite et al. (2015)

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 BIM and Applications

BIM Management: 3P + 1T
▪ Four components in BIM should be comprehensively managed
– Aligning the technology with people, process, and policy
technology people, process, policy

Image source: https://www.bimacp.com/service/architectural-services

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 ▪ Future Trends of BIM √
Contents
▪ Future Technologies Related to BIM √
 BIM and Applications

Virtual Reality (VR)

Desktop VR vs. Immersive VR

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 BIM and Applications

Virtual Reality (VR) (Cont’d)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=243hG_a5pRQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0ZmaljQlW8&ab_channel=Unity

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 BIM and Applications

Mixed Reality (MR)

▪ Microsoft HololensTM : See-through MR device

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUNdUajGttc

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 BIM and Applications

Mixed Reality (MR) (Cont’d)

▪ Mixed Reality (MR)
– Combinations of virtual and real objects that enable the production of new
environments and visualizations, where physical and digital objects
coexist and interact in real time
[Types]
• Augmented reality (AR): computer-generated graphics (virtual objects) are
overlaid on the visual reality (real environment)
• Augmented virtuality (AV): real objects are overlaid on computer graphics (virtual
environment)
Mixed Reality

Augmented Augmented
Real Virtual
Reality (AR) Virtuality (AV)
Environment Environment

Figure Sources: http://www.ardummies.org/?p=71

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 BIM and Applications

As-built & Real-time Modeling

▪ Importance of as-built and real-time modeling in construction
→ Because of the uncertainty in construction project
– Application of advanced sensing (e.g., mobile robots, sensors, UAV, etc.)
– Information processing (e.g., signal processing, 3D image processing,
data analysis, etc.)
– To enhance timely and appropriate decision supports under complex and
changing large capital project environments

Data Sensing Data Processing Analysis/Representation

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 BIM and Applications

As-built & Real-time Modeling (Cont’d)

▪ 3D Scanning for As-built BIM Model

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 BIM and Applications

As-built & Real-time Modeling (Cont’d)

▪ 3D Scanning for As-built BIM Model in Ewha Womans Univ.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJLMf3SsqbE&ab_channel=FAROTechnologies%2CInc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtTQ0o6-Yuc&ab_channel=FAROTechnologies

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 BIM and Applications

As-built & Real-time Modeling (Cont’d)

3D computer model, created from multiple drone images

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPNwXIyu0ZY&t=32s&ab_channel=BEAppliedResearch/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiTUGfUzf7c&ab_channel=Pix4D

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 BIM and Applications

BIM & Internet of Things (IoT)

▪ Internet of Things (IoT)
– Physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet,
collecting and sharing data
What Happens When BIM Meets the IoT?
→ Collaborative systems as an IoT organizer

Figure Sources: https://fmsystems.com/blog/does-bim-have-a-role-in-the-internet-of-things/

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 BIM and Applications

BIM & Internet of Things (IoT) (Cont’d)

▪ BIM and IoT
– Real-time building performance monitoring and control throughout the
life-cycle of the building by collecting data from thousands of end-points
(e.g., energy performance)

https://www.autodeskresearch.com/projects/dasher

Figure Sources: https://fmsystems.com/blog/does-bim-have-a-role-in-the-internet-of-things/

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 BIM and Applications

Worth to Know: Digital Twin

▪ Digital Twin
– (Real-time) Digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity
– Data is transmitted seamlessly allowing the virtual entity to exist
simultaneously with the physical entity (El Saddik 2018)
– BIM is a good example of a digital twin technology

Figure Sources: https://www.slideshare.net/slhead1/design-and-development-of-bim-on-gis-interoperability-open-platform

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 BIM and Applications

BIM & GIS

▪ BIM data and GIS data
– BIM data: Objects on buildings (e.g., walls, floors, windows, etc.)
– GIS data: Objects on the earth (e.g., roads, buildings, etc.)
▪ Efforts on BIM and GIS integration for multiple-use environments
– Enable seamless and freely connection between indoor and outdoor
– Enable multiple-use environments

Figure Sources: https://www.slideshare.net/slhead1/design-and-development-of-bim-on-gis-interoperability-open-platform

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 BIM and Applications

Off-Site Construction and BIM

▪ Off-site Construction (https://www.nibs.org/page/oscc)
– The planning, design, fabrication and assembly of building elements at a
location other than their final installed location to support the rapid and
efficient construction of a permanent structure
• Such building elements may be prefabricated at a different location and transported to the site
or prefabricated on the construction site and then transported to their final location
• Characterized by an integrated planning and supply chain optimization strategy

Figure Sources: https://medium.com/autodesk-university/integrated-bim-workflows-in-modular-prefabricated-construction-concept-to-fabricate-2cff9b3573e1

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 BIM and Applications

Big Data Sources in BIM

▪ Big data sources shared across the building lifecycle
– Big Data? The volume of data that could not be processed (efficiently) by
traditional database methods and tools at a reasonable cost (Katal et al. 2013)
– Big Data in Construction? Various data type/format, large point clouds,
huge amounts of monitored and sensor data, numerous processing

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 BIM and Applications

Modeling Information of A Building

▪ BIM is about modeling any information/data of a building

Any Information and Data (BIG DATA?) 3V in Big Data

• Real-time Data (e.g., sensor data) • Data Velocity
• Unstructured Data (e.g., video, image) • Data Variety
• Massive Data (e.g., TB, PB) • Data Volume

Figure Sources: http://www.bimframework.info/2013/12/bim-mib.html/

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Thank You!