Ijet V8i1p12

International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 8 Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2022
Comparison and Analysis of conventional slab and waffle

slab for symmetric and asymmetric structures
Neelam Surajiya1, Dr. Rajeev chandak2
1
M. E. Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur
2
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur
Abstract: Waffle slab or Grid slab consists of ribs spaced at regular interval in perpendicular
directions which are Monolithic with slab. These Waffle slabs are generally used for architectural
purpose for large spans such as public assembly halls, show rooms, auditoriums, were to avoid
internal columns in the structure. The square voided pattern is used in present study. In the present
study 12 stories structure of symmetric and asymmetric for regular, plan irregular and vertical
irregular structure for both conventional slab and Waffle slab is considered, analyzed and
compared for both gravity load and lateral load conditions as per IS codes. The structures are
analyzed using ETABS software. For regular and plan irregular structures static analysis is done
as per IS code 1893:2016 (Part1) and for vertical irregular structures dynamic analysis is done for
both conventional and Waffle slab structure as per IS code 1893:2002(Part 1). And compared the
results of conventional slab and Waffle slab for parameters of deflection, storey shear,
displacement and storey stiffness.
Keywords: Waffle slab; Conventional slab; Symmetric; Asymmetric; Regular; Plan irregular;
Vertical irregular
1. INTRODUCTION
A slab is a structural element which is made up of concrete, and it’s used to create horizontal
flooring such as roofs, floors, decks etc. A slab is having usually some inches of thick, slab is
aiding the beam, columns, walls or the ground. Concrete slabs can be prefabricated off-site and
may be poured in-situ the use of formwork. The present work is carried out to understand the
behavior of structure, when we replace conventional slab with Waffle slab, the step-by-step prose
Procedures involved in modelling and analysis of structures with conventional slab and Waffle
slab. The behavior of the structure for gravity and lateral loads relies upon parameters like shape
of the structure, dimension of the structure, intensity of the earthquake along with the type of slab.
Structures designed for gravity loads in general may also not be able to sustain the horizontal
vibrations of the earth. Hence it is imperative to ensure the adequacy of the structure against
horizontal vibration of the earth. Hence, it is necessary to study variations in behavior of multi-
storeyed RC framed building for different kind of various responses such as lateral displacements,
deflection, storey stiffness and storey shear. The work has been applied for special kind of
structures are regular, plan irregular and vertical irregular with respect to symmetric and
asymmetric Fig 1 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5.
1.1. Waffle slab
Waffles are constructed to cover large areas without internal columns. They are generally
constructed for architectural reasons for large areas such as auditoriums, air ports, vestibules,
ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 88

theatre halls, show rooms where column free space. This type of structures can be defined as a
Waffle rib, these Waffles are distributed in one or more directions and they are regularly spaced,
and which is connected to a top concrete slab. In this project, the analysis and design of Waffle
floors and conventional slabs has developed using ETABS software. The Waffle beams which are
regularly spaced and interconnected to slab is known as Waffle floor or waffle floor.
Fig. 1: Typical examples of waffle slab
A. Conventional slab
Conventional slab is supported with beams and columns, with the load transferred to those
elements. A conventional slab is classified
One-way: one-way slabs are supported by beams on two opposite sides and load carrying
along the one direction.
Two-way: two-way slabs are supported by beams on four sides and load carrying along the
both directions.
One way slab

When a slab is supported by beams or parallel walls on two opposite sides the slab is known as
one way slab. The load in one way slab is always carried out along one direction. As per IS codes,
in one way slab the ratio of the longer span is equal to the shorter span is equal or greater than 2.
Two way slab

The slab which is supported by beams are walls on all four sides is known as two ways slab the
loads are carried out along both shorter and longer directions. as per IS codes the ratio of longer
span to shorter span is always less than 2.

2. Literature Review
Till date there are several researchers carried out studies on conventional slab and Waffle slab
system in structural buildings and some of the studies are as follows:
Mahesh Bakale et.al (2017) [1]

The authors described the study of seismic behavior of different types of slab systems in various
seismic zones, considering the varying number of stories. They have done with the four types of
Slab system i.e., conventional beam slab system, Flat plate system, Flat slab with drop system, and
ribbed slab system for regular and irregular structures has done. The seismic behavior of these slab
systems is studied by modelling G + 6, G + 9 & G + 12 multi-story structure in ETABS software.
They analysed and compared the results of story displacement and story shear.
Chintha Santhosh et.al, (2016) [2]

The authors described the analysis and design of multi-storeys building with Waffle slab using
ETABS software. They analysed G + 5 building and design is done for both gravity and lateral
(earth quake and wind) loads and this is compared with the flat slab. The flat slab with and without
drop panel is considered and the structural analysis has done in zone 4 and zone 3. They have
compared various parameter like drift, displacement, time period, and frequency, base shear with
the flat slabs with and without drop panels.
Sudhir Singh Bhaduria et.al (2017) [3]

The authors described the comparative analysis and design of flat slab and Waffle slab system with
conventional slab system, they have done comparison of parameter like quantity of concrete,
quantity of steel, cost of the structure, bending moment, shear force and displacement of flat slab
system and Waffle slab system with conventional slab system. In this paper, slab system design
and analysis for G + 10 building for seismic zone III and having medium soil condition by using
STAAD Pro V8i and these slab system analyses for different plan area or Waffle size/ spacing of
the column.
Sandesh D. et.al (2012) [4]

The authors have worked on dynamic analysis of special moment resisting frame building with
flat slab and Waffle slab. Most of the popular form of concrete structures uses a flat concrete slab
as the floor system. This type of flat slab system is very simple to construct, and it is efficient that
it requires the minimum building height for a given number of stories. But earthquake experience
has proved that this form of construction is vulnerable to failure, when not designed and detailed
properly, in which the thin concrete slab fractures around the supporting columns and drops
downward, leading potentially to a complete progressive collapse of a building as one floor
cascades down onto the floors below.
S. A. Halkude et.al (2015) [5]

The authors described by investigating various parameter involved, a solution for optimum
structural configuration can be found for the Waffle floor. And they include the parametric
investigation in terms of flexural actions such as bending moments and shear force. Spacing of
Waffle beam is one of the important parameters considered for investigations, along with depth of
Waffle beam & depth of periphery beam. In this paper stiffness method is used for analysis which

is less time consuming as compare to other analysis methods, where spacing of Waffle beams i.e.
(l/b) is varied for hall size (L/B) with constant ratio.
Navjot Kaur Bhatia et.al, (2016) [6]

The authors described the response of flat slabs & Waffle Slabs systems in conventional RCC
buildings and they performed the dynamic analysis for seismic and wind loading of multi-storeyed
square, hexagonal orthogonal geometry, using response spectrum analysis, considered different
earthquake Zones as per the IS code of practice IS 1893–2002 part-I: criteria for earthquake
resistant structure (Zone II, III, IV, V). and they compared seismic behavior of multistoried RCC
building with flat slab and Waffle slab for different earthquake intensities in terms of various
responses such as, base shear, story displacements, story drift, axial force, time period. And they
the relationship between earthquake intensities and responses. Analysis and design of the structure
is carried out by STAAD pro.
CH. Rajkumar et.al (2017) [7]

The authors described the analysis and design of multi-storey building using ETABS, in this paper
they analysed for G + 5 building is considered and analysis and design is done for both gravity and
lateral loads. In this paper they also observed that the results are more conservative in static
analysis as compared to the dynamic method resulting uneconomical structure. The parameters
like story drift, lateral displacement and time period are considered. Because of the box effect of
modular type scheme, it is increasing overall stiffness of the building thus, reducing the sway
problem in the structure. As building is in irregular the behaviour in both directions is not similar.
2.1 Summary of literature review
Considerable research has been conducted on the behavior of regular and irregular structures with
conventional slab and Waffle slab for different parameters like base shear, Story displacements,
story drift, axial force, time period. The above papers are summarized brief, in almost all the
considered papers the comparison of flat slab, Waffle slab and conventional slab for different
zones, different height of the structures and for different type of irregularities like plan irregularity
and vertical irregularity, and also for different length of the span and thickness of the slab as per
Indian standards by using ETABS and STAAD PRO software has been done. In literature papers,
the structures are modelled and analyses for the different method of analysis like equivalent static
analysis, nonlinear static analysis, response spectrum method and time history method.
3. Objectives
The main objectives of this project are knowing the behaviour of the structure under different
parameters:
To do manual design for conventional slab and Waffle slab.
To consider assembly building for the analysis of conventional slab and Waffle slab.
To propose a plan layout for conventional slab and Waffle slab for symmetric and
asymmetric structures.
To model the conventional slab and Waffle slab for 12 storeys using ETABS.
To analyses the structure by applying different load patterns.
To compare results for conventional slab and Waffle slab of deflection, storey shear,

displacement, and storey stiffness conventional slab and Waffle slab.
4. Methodology
The present work is carried out to understand the behaviour of structure, when we replace
conventional slab with Waffle slab, the step-by-step procedures involved in modelling and analysis
of structures with conventional slab and Waffle slab is explained as follows:
A. Irregularities in buildings
There are two types of irregularities in building, they are:
Plan Irregularities.
Vertical Irregularities.
In plan irregular buildings there are of five types they are:
Torsion Irregularity.
Re-entrant Corners.
Diaphragm Discontinuity.
Out-of-Plane Offsets.
Non-parallel Systems.
In vertical irregular buildings there are also five types they are:
Stiffness Irregularity.
Soft Storey.
Extreme Soft Storey.
Mass Irregularity.
B. Modelling
A regular, plan irregular and vertical irregular of 12 stories structures for symmetric and
asymmetric modelling is carried out in ETABS software.
Fig.2. Plan irregularities. Fig.3. vertical geometric irregularities

Fig.4. Conventional slab. Fig.5 Waffle slab
Fig.6 Model Fig.7 Model
Description of models
1) Model 1: Symmetric regular conventional slab structure.
2) Model 2: Symmetric regular Waffle slab structure.
3) Model 3: Symmetric plan irregular conventional slab structure.
4) Model 4: Symmetric plan irregular Waffle slab structure.
5) Model 5: Asymmetric plan irregular conventional slab structure.
6) Model 6: Asymmetric plan irregular Waffle slab structure.
7) Model 7: Symmetric vertical irregular conventional slab structure.
8) Model 8: Symmetric vertical irregular Waffle slab structure.
9) Model 9: Asymmetric vertical irregular conventional slab structure
10) Model 10: Asymmetric vertical irregular Waffle slab structure.

(For all the models line of symmetry is along y-axis)

In this work a simple regular geometry symmetric structures (model 1 & 2) having uniformly
distributed mass and stiffness in plan and elevation. And irregular buildings are broadly classified
into plan irregularities and vertical irregularities. In these types of irregular structures there may
be uneven distribution of mass, strength and stiffness in both plan and elevation. In this study,
compared all the models for conventional slab and Waffle slab. As per IS 1893(part 1):2002 for
regular structure and plan irregular structures static analysis has done and for vertical irregular
buildings, lesser than 40 m in height in Zones II and III, dynamic analysis, even though not
mandatory, is recommended. The structures are under 40 m height and in zone II and for vertical
irregular structure dynamic analysis has done.

As per: IS 1893(Part 1): 2002

Re-entrant Corners
Plan configurations of a structure and its lateral force resisting system contain re-entrant corners,
where both projections of the structure beyond the re-entrant corner are greater than 15 percent
of its plan dimension in the given direction. Model 3, 4, 5 & 6 are plan irregular structures of re-
entrant corners because A/L greater than 0.15–0.20.5 Vertical geometric Irregularity Vertical
geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the horizontal dimension of the lateral
force resisting system in any storey is more than 150 percent of that in its adjacent storey. Model
7, 8, 9 & 10 are vertical irregular structures are vertical geometric irregular because A/L greater
than 0.15
C. Loading Conditions
The loads considered during design and analysis of multistoried building.
1. Floor finishes:1.5 kN/m2 IS-875(part 1):1987
2. Live load :4 kN/m2 IS-875(part 2):1987
3. Seismic load: IS-1893(part 1):2002
4. Zone factor, Z = 0.10 (zone II)
5. Type of soil = medium soil
6. Importance factor, I = 1.5 (SMRF)
7. Response reduction factor, R = 5.0
8. Wind load: IS-875(part 3):1987
9. Wind speed-
11. Structure class-B
12. K1 and K2 Factor-1

D. Type of slabs
Conventional slab system: Beam-column system as shown in Fig. 6. Waffle slab system: The
slab which is resting on the beams running in two directions as shown in Fig. 3. Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig6
Fig7 Fig8 Fig9 Fig10 Fig11 Fig12 Fig13.
Specifications of the structural members for different models Extruded view of the models
A structure having regular and irregular, symmetric and asymmetric with conventional slab
system which are modelled in ETABS.
conventional slab structures:

Waffle slab structures:
A structure having regular and irregular, symmetric and asymmetric with Waffle slab system
which are modelled in ETABS.
5. Results and discussions
As per IS 1893(part 1):2002 for regular structure and plan irregular structures static analysis has
done because the structures are under 40 m height and in zone II and for vertical irregular structure
dynamic analysis has done because the structures vertical irregular. Here for static analysis
earthquake load along x-axis (EQX) is considered and for dynamic analysis response spectrum
(RS) is considered.
Table 1
Specifications of the structural members for different models
SPECIFICATIONS WAFFLE SLAB CONVENTIONAL SLAB
Grade of concrete M-30 M-30
Grade of steel Fe-500 Fe-500
Plan dimension 40 m × 40 m 40 m × 40 m
Length of Waffle in x- 8m 8m
direction
Length of Waffle in y- 8m 8m
direction
No. of stories 12 12
Floor to floor height 3m 3m
Slab thickness 0.3 m 0.3 m
Size of beam 0.45 m × 0.45 m 0.45 m × 0.45 m
Size of column Column 0.8 m × 0.8 m0.57 m × 0.57 0.8 m × 0.8 m0.57 m × 0.57
1Column 2Column 3 m0.43 m × 0.43 m m0.43 m × 0.43 m
Size of ribs 0.2 m × 0.2 m -
pacing of ribs 1m -

Table 2
Deflection of slab
Deflection of slab in EQX in mm Conventional slab Waffle slab
Symmetric regular structure 12.9 11.7
Symmetric plan irregular structure 20.3 21.6
Asymmetric plan irregular structure 20.2 21.2
Symmetric vertical irregular 22.0 22.3
structure
Asymmetric vertical irregular 22.2 22.29
structure
Table 3
Displacement of structure.
Displacement of EQX EQX Waffle RS RS Waffle
slab in mm Conventional slab Conventional slab
slab slab
Symmetric regular 27.8 32.2 _ _
structure
Symmetric plan 46.7 52.6 _ _
irregular structure
Asymmetric plan 46.7 52.3 _ _
irregular structure
Symmetric vertical 58.8 61.1 61.6 65.6
irregular structure
Asymmetric vertical 58.8 62.1 60.1 63.5
irregular structure
×
Table 4
Storey stiffness of structure.
Storey stiffness of EQX EQX Waffle RS RS Waffle
structure in KN Conventional slab Conventional slab
slab slab
Symmetric regular 1,225,973 862496.1 _ _
structure
Symmetric plan 537787.2 432723.1 _ _
irregular structure
Asymmetric plan 591455.8 474,297 _ _
irregular structure

irregular structure

irregular structure

Table 5
Storey Shear of Structure.
Storey shear of EQX EQX Waffle slab RS RS Waffle
structure in EQX in Conventional Conventional slab
KN slab slab
Symmetric regular 1906.68 1302.26 _ _
structure
Symmetric plan 1134.24 914.13 _ _
irregular structure
Asymmetric plan 1264.93 1015.01 _ _
irregular structure
irregular structure
irregular structure
A. Deflection of slab:
Deflection of slab due to dead load is considered. Deflection should be span/250 as per IS:
456:2000. Here all the slabs are within permissible limits. Deflection of slab in regular structure is
maximum in conventional slab when compare to Waffle slab. And in irregular structure the Waffle
slab is having maximum deflection.
B. Storey displacement:
The maximum displacement of the buildings as per codal provision from IS1893-2002 should be
H/250.In this paper the total height of the structure is 36 m. Maximum allowable displacement in
the structure is = (36*1000)/250 = 144 mm. Here the value of displacement of Waffle floor is
maximum. In all the types of considered models the displacement value is within the limit. The
value of displacement of conventional slab is maximum when compare to Waffle floor. In the
present case EQX is considered and response spectrum is considered for vertical irregular
structure, for the structures the maximum lateral displacement is lesser than the maximum
allowable displacement, hence the structure is safe under lateral displacement. The graph shows
the displacement of the structure is increased as the storey height of the structure increases
C. Storey stiffness:
Here the value of storey stiffness of conventional slab is maximum in all the models when
compare to and Waffle slab.
D. Storey shear:
Here the value of storey shear of conventional slab is maximum when compare to Waffle slab

6. Conclusion
The behavior of multi-storeyed structure for conventional slab and Waffle slab is studied. As the
buildings are irregular structures the behaviors of the structures varies. The following are the major
conclusions:
1. Deflection of slab of regular structure is maximum in conventional. And in irregular structures
Waffle slab is having maximum deflection. In regular symmetric structure deflection of
conventional slab is about 9.3% higher than the Waffle slab. In symmetric plan irregular structure
deflection of conventional slab is about 6.01% higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric plan
irregular structure deflection of conventional slab is about 4.7% higher than the Waffle slab. In
symmetric vertical irregular structure deflection of conventional slab is about 5.57% higher than
the Waffle slab. In asymmetric vertical irregular deflection structure of conventional slab is about
3.05% higher than the Waffle slab.
2. Story displacement is maximum in Waffle slab system and least in conventional slab for both
regular & irregular structure. In regular symmetric structure Story displacement of conventional
slab is about 13.6% higher than the Waffle slab. In symmetric plan irregular structure Story
displacement of conventional slab is about 11.2% higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric plan
irregular structure Story displacement of conventional slab is about 10.7% higher than the Waffle
slab. In symmetric vertical irregular structure Story displacement of conventional slab is about
3.7%.
Fig.16. Plot of Deflection of Slab.

Fig.17. Plot of Displacement of Structure.
Fig.18. Plot of stiffness of structure.
Fig.19. Plot of storey shear.
(EQX) and 6.09%(RS)higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric vertical irregular Story
displacement structure of conventional slab is about 5.6%(EQX) and 5.35%(RS) higher than the
Waffle slab.

3. Story stiffness is maximum in conventional slab system and least in Waffle slab system for both
regular & irregular structure. In regular symmetric structure Story shear of conventional slab is
about 29.64% higher than the Waffle slab. In symmetric plan irregular structure Story shear of
conventional slab is about 19.5% higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric plan irregular
structure Story shear of conventional slab is about 19.8% higher than the Waffle slab. In symmetric
vertical irregular structure Story shear of conventional slab is about 30.7%(EQX) and 29.58%(RS)
higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric vertical irregular Story shear structure of conventional
slab is about 21.1% (EQX) and 18.16%(RS) higher than the Waffle slab.
4. Story shear is maximum in conventional slab system and least in Waffle slab system for both
regular & irregular structure. In regular symmetric structure Story shear of conventional slab is
about 31.7% higher than the Waffle slab. In symmetric plan irregular structure Story shear of
conventional slab is about 19.4% higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric plan irregular
structure Story shear of conventional slab is about 19.75% higher than the Waffle slab. In
symmetric vertical irregular structure Story shear of conventional slab is about 24.36% (EQX) and
23.94%(RS) higher than the Waffle slab. In asymmetric vertical irregular Story shear structure of
conventional slab is about 25.45% (EQX) and 24.32 %(RS) higher than the Waffle slab. Finally
concluded that, Waffle slab is better than conventional slab Waffle slab is more economic than
conventional slab. And percentage of steel and concrete used is less in Waffle slab. As the structure
is irregular the displacement of the structure is maximum and self-weight of the structure decreases
storey shear and storey stiffness decreases. The various changes in the different parameters are due
to thickness of slab, and ribs provided in gird slab.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
[1] Mahesh Bakale, T.S. Viswanathan, Seismic behavior of multi-story structure with different
types of slabs, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume 8, Issue 4,
April 2017, pp. 507–517, ISSN: 0976-6316
[2] C H. Rajkumar, Dr. D. Venkateswarlu, Analysis and Design of Multi-storey Building with
Waffle Slab Using ETABS, International Journal of Professional Engineering Studies, Volume 8,
Issue 5, June 2017.
[3] Chintha Santhosh, S. Venkatesh Wadki, S. Madan Mohan, Sreenatha Reddy, Analysis and
design of multi-storey building with Waffle slab using ETABS, International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology 5 (9) (2016).
[4] S.A. Halkude, C.G. Konapure, S.P. Pasnur, Effect of depth of periphery beams on behaviour
of Waffle beams on Waffle floor, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 5

(2) Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, ISSN 2229-5518, December-2014.
(2015).
[5] Navjot Kaur Bhatia, Tushar Golai, Studying the response of flat slabs & Waffle slabs systems
in conventional RCC buildings, International Journal of Trend in Research and 2016).
Development 3
[6] Amit A. Sathawane, Analysis and Design of Flat Slab and Waffle Slab and Their Cost
Comparison, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Volume 1, Issue 3,
pp.837-848, ISSN: 2248-9622,2015.
[7] Sandesh D. Bothara and Dr. Valsson Varghese, Dynamic Analysis of Moment Resisting
Frame Building with Flat Slab and Waffle Slab, International Journal of Engineering Research
and Applications, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp.275-280, ISSN: 2248-9622, August 2012.
[8] Harish M K., Ashwini B T, Chethan V R, Sharath M Y, Analysis and Design of Waffle Slab
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International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 8 Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2022

Comparison and Analysis of conventional slab and waffle

1.1. Waffle slab

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 88

Fig. 1: Typical examples of waffle slab

One way slab

Two way slab

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Mahesh Bakale et.al (2017) [1]

Chintha Santhosh et.al, (2016) [2]

Sudhir Singh Bhaduria et.al (2017) [3]

Sandesh D. et.al (2012) [4]

S. A. Halkude et.al (2015) [5]

ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 90

Navjot Kaur Bhatia et.al, (2016) [6]

CH. Rajkumar et.al (2017) [7]

2.1 Summary of literature review

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displacement, and storey stiffness conventional slab and Waffle slab.

Fig.2. Plan irregularities. Fig.3. vertical geometric irregularities

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Fig.4. Conventional slab. Fig.5 Waffle slab

Fig.6 Model Fig.7 Model

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(For all the models line of symmetry is along y-axis)

Fig.8 Model Fig.9 Model

Fig.10 Model Fig.11 Model

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As per: IS 1893(Part 1): 2002

Fig.12 Model Fig.13 Model

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conventional slab structures:

5. Results and discussions

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Symmetric vertical 139929.3 96960.73 143288.8 100903.8

Asymmetric vertical 472146.8 372399.8 470168.2 384752.3

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Fig.16. Plot of Deflection of Slab.

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Fig.17. Plot of Displacement of Structure.

Fig.18. Plot of stiffness of structure.

Fig.19. Plot of storey shear.

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Declaration of Competing Interest

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