10/17/2022 Kingdom of Portugal - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 38°42′N 9°11′W

Kingdom of Portugal
The Kingdom of Portugal (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae,
Kingdom of Portugal[a]
Portuguese: Reino de Portugal) was a monarchy in the
Regnum Portugalliae (Latin)
western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Reino de Portugal (Portuguese)
Portuguese Republic. Existing to various extents between 1139
1139–1910
and 1910, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and
the Algarves after 1415, and as the United Kingdom of
Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves between 1815 and 1822. The
name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the
realm's overseas colonies.

The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Flag

Coat of arms
(1830–1910)
Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the (1640–1910)
Reconquista, by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Anthem: "Hymno Patriótico" (1809–1834)
Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in "Patriotic Anthem"
1:20
1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as
rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century,
Hino da Carta (1834–1910)
following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled "Anthem of the Charter"
by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which 2:52
the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz.

During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration

established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the
Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg
Spain.

After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the

kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to The Kingdom of Portugal in 1800
Capital Coimbra
the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this (1139–1255)
time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a Lisbon[a]
major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the (1255–1808)
Angra do Heroísmo[b]
independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in (1580–1582)

Africa, but was ultimately forced to halt its expansion due to Rio de Janeiro
(1808–1821)
the 1890 British Ultimatum, eventually leading to the collapse Lisbon
of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the (1821–1910)
Angra do Heroísmo[c]
establishment of the First Portuguese Republic. (1830–1834)

Common languages Official languages:

Portugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It alternated Portuguese[b]
between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 Latin[c]
until 1834, when it would remain a constitutional monarchy Unofficial languages:
Mozarabic[d]
until its fall.
Andalusian Arabic[e]
Judaeo-Portuguese[f]

Religion Majority:
Contents Roman Catholicism
(official)
Minority:
History
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Origins Sephardic Judaism[g]

Islam[h]
Medieval history (1139–1415) Demonym(s) Portuguese
Renaissance and early modern history (1415–1777) Government Feudal constitutional
Modern history (1777–1910) monarchy
(1139–1698)
Fall of the Monarchy Absolute monarchy
(1698–1822; 1823–1826;
Rulers 1828–1834)
Unitary parliamentary
Gallery semi-constitutional
monarchy
(1822–1823; 1826–1828;
See also 1834-1910)

Footnotes Monarch
• 1139–1185 (first) Afonso I
Citations • 1908–1910 (last) Manuel II
Prime Minister
References • 1834–1835 (first) Marquis of Palmela
• 1910 (last) Teixeira de Sousa
Legislature Cortes
History (1139-1706; 1816-1820)
None (rule by decree)
(1706-1816)
The General and
Extraordinary Cortes of
Origins the Portuguese Nation
(1820-1822)
Cortes Gerais
The Kingdom of Portugal finds its origins in the County of (1822-1910)

Portugal (1096–1139). The Portuguese County was a semi- • Upper house Chamber of Peers
(1822-1838; 1842-1910)
autonomous county of the Kingdom of León. Independence Chamber of Senators
from León took place in three stages: (1838-1842)
• Lower house Chamber of Deputies
(1822-1910)
1. The first on 26 July 1139 when Afonso Henriques was History
acclaimed King of the Portuguese[2] internally. • Battle of Ourique and 25 July 1139
2. The second was on 5 October 1143, when Alfonso VII of Independent from
Morocco
León and Castile recognized Afonso Henriques as king • Restoration of 1 December 1640
through the Treaty of Zamora. Independence and
Independent from Holy
3. The third, in 1179, was the Papal Bull Manifestis Probatum, Roman Empire
in which Portugal's independence was recognized by Pope • Lisbon Regicide 1 February 1908
• Revolution of 1910 5 October 1910
Alexander III.
Area
1300[1] 90,000 km2
Once Portugal was independent, D. Afonso I's descendants, (35,000 sq mi)
members of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, would rule Population
Portugal until 1383. Even after the change in royal houses, all • 1300[1] 800,000
the monarchs of Portugal were descended from Afonso I, one Currency Portuguese dinheiro,
way or another, through both legitimate and illegitimate links. (1139–1433)
Portuguese real
(1433–1910)

ISO 3166 code PT

Preceded by Succeeded by
Medieval history (1139–1415) County of First Portuguese
Portugal Republic
Couto Misto Empire of Brazil

Renaissance and early modern history (1415–

a. ^ The capital was de facto located at Rio de Janeiro
1777) from 1808 to 1821.

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Modern history (1777–1910) b. ^ The seat of government of the

Portuguese pretender António was
de facto located at Angra do
Fall of the Monarchy Heroísmo from 1580 to 1582.
c. ^ The capital of the constitutional government in
With the start of the 20th century, Republicanism grew in exile was de jure located at Angra do Heroísmo during
numbers and support in Lisbon among progressive politicians the Portuguese Civil War, from 1830 to 1834.
and the influential press. However a minority with regard to
the rest of the country, this height of republicanism would benefit politically from the Lisbon Regicide
on 1 February 1908. While returning from the Ducal Palace at Vila Viçosa, King Charles and the
Prince Royal Luís Filipe were assassinated in the Terreiro do Paço, in Lisbon. With the death of the
King and his heir, Charles I's second son would become monarch as King Manuel II. Manuel's reign,
however, would be short-lived, ending by force with the 5 October 1910 revolution, sending Manuel
into exile in Great Britain and giving way to the Portuguese First Republic.

On 19 January 1919, the Monarchy of the North was proclaimed in Oporto. The monarchy would be
deposed a month later and no other monarchist counterrevolution in Portugal has happened since.

After the republican revolution in October 1910, the remaining colonies of the empire became
overseas provinces of the Portuguese Republic until the late 20th century, when the last overseas
territories of Portugal were handed over. Most notably in Portuguese Africa which included the
overseas provinces of Angola and Mozambique of which the handover took place in 1975, and finally
in Asia the handover of Macau in 1999.

Rulers

Gallery

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Shield of the Shield of the Shield of the Shield of the

Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
(1185–1248) (1248–1385) (1385–1481) (1481–1495)

Flag of the Kingdom Flag of the Kingdom Flag of the Kingdom Coat of arms of the
of Portugal (1495– of Portugal (1521– of Portugal (1580– Kingdom of Portugal
1521) 1578) 1610) (1610–1815)

Arms of the King of

Portugal depicted in
the Livro do
Armeiro-Mor (c.
1509)

See also
Kingdom of Algarve
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown
Portuguese nobility
Portuguese heraldry
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Footnotes
a. also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae et Algarbiae,
Portuguese: Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves) after 1415, and as the United Kingdom of Portugal,
Brazil and the Algarves (Portuguese: Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves) between 1815
and 1822.
b. Galician-Portuguese (until 16th century)
Modern Portuguese (16th century onward)
c. Widely used for administrative and liturgical purposes. Medieval Latin replaced by Renaissance
Latin by the 15th century.
d. Until 13th century.
e. Until 1497, mainly in the Algarve.
f. Until 1497.
g. Until 1497.
h. Until 1497.

Citations
1. Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains (https://books.google.com/books?id=NdJjn1HpSy4
C&pg=PA139). Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780521397414. Retrieved 11 October
2019. "The new kingdom of Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometers
by 1300 [...] Portugal swollen to 90,000 square kilometers and perhaps 800,000 inhabitants [...]"
2. Wilner, Hero, Weiner, p. 190

References
Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, História de Portugal: Do mindelo á regeneração (1832–1851)
José Mattoso, António Manuel Hespanha, História de Portugal 4: O Antigo Regime (1620–1807),
(1998) ISBN 972-33-1311-1
Simão José da Luz Soriano, Historia da Guerra Civil e do estabelecimento do governo parlamentar
em Portugal: comprehedendo a historia diplomatica, militar e politica d'este reino desde 1777 até
1834 Volume 9 (1893)
Jacinto de São Miguel (Frei), Martinho Augusto Ferreira da Fonseca, Mosteiro de Belém: Relação
da insigne e real casa de Santa Maria de Belém (1901)
Mark Willner, George Hero, Jerry Weiner, Global History Volume I: The Ancient World to the Age of
Revolution (2006) ISBN 978-0-7641-5811-7
Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926 (1998) ISBN 978-0-299-
07454-8

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