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TALLER 2.

Propiedades.
t
i. ( At ) =A
ii. ( AB )t=Bt A t
iii. ( A+ B )t = At + Bt
−1 t
iv. Si A es invertible, entonces A es invertible y ( At ) =( A−1 )

EJERCICIO 1.
Comprobar las propiedades anteriores con las siguientes matrices.

( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1 −2 1 4
A= 1 2 −1 2 Y B= −2 5 −3 1
1 −1 2 1 0 7 −4 2
1 3 3 2 3 −2 2 6

Solución:
t
i. ( At ) =A

[( )] ( )( )
t
t t
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 −1 2 1 2 −1 3 1 2 −1 2
= =
1 −1 2 1 1 −1 2 3 1 −1 2 1
1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 2

ii. ( AB )t=Bt A t

[( )( )] ( )( )
t
t
1 1 1 1 1 −2 1 4 2 8 −4 13 2 3 6 1
1 2 −1 2 −2 5 −3 1 = 3 −3 3 16 = 8 −3 5 30
1 −1 2 1 0 7 −4 2 6 5 2 13 −4 3 −2 −16
1 3 3 2 3 −2 2 6 1 30 −16 25 13 16 13 25

( B )t

( )( )
1 −2 1 4 t 1 −2 0 3
−2 5 −3 1 −2 5 7 −2
=
0 7 −4 2 1 −3 −4 2
3 −2 2 6 4 1 2 6

( A )t
( )( )
1 1 1 1t 1 1 1 1
1 2 −1 2 = 1 2 −1 3
1 −1 2 1 1 −1 2 3
1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2

( )( )( )( )
1 −2 0 3 1 1 1 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6 1
−2 5 7 −2 1 2 −1 3 8 −3 5 30 8 −3 5 30
= =
1 −3 −4 2 1 −1 2 3 −4 3 −2 −16 −4 3 −2 −16
4 1 2 6 1 2 1 2 13 16 13 25 13 16 13 25

( )( )
2 3 6 1 2 3 6 1
8 −3 5 30 8 −3 5 30
=
−4 3 −2 −16 −4 3 −2 −16
13 16 13 25 13 16 13 25

iii. ( A+ B )t = At + Bt

[( )( )] ( )( )
t
1 1 1 1 1 −2 1 4 1 1 1 1 t 1 −2 1 4 t

1 2 −1 2 −2 5 −3 1 1 2 −1 2 −2 5 −3 1
+ = +
1 −1 2 1 0 7 −4 2 1 −1 2 1 0 7 −4 2
1 3 3 2 3 −2 2 6 1 3 3 2 3 −2 2 6

( )( )( )( )
t
2 −1 2 5 1 1 1 1 1 −2 0 3 2 −1 1 4
−1 7 −4 3 1 2 −1 3 −2 5 7 −2 −1 7 6 1
¿ = + =
1 6 −2 3 1 −1 2 3 1 −3 −4 2 2 −4 −2 5
4 1 5 8 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 6 5 3 3 8

( )( )
2 −1 1 4 2 −1 1 4
−1 7 6 1 −1 7 6 1
=
2 −4 −2 5 2 −4 −2 5
5 3 3 8 5 3 3 8

−1 t
iv. Si A es invertible, entonces A es invertible y ( At ) =( A−1 )

( | ) ( | )
1 1 1 11 0 0 0 A (−1) 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 A (−1)
12 21
( At )−1= 1 2 −1 3 0 1 0 0
A (−1 ) =
0 1 −2 2 −1 1 0 0
A 23 ( 2 )
1 −1 2 3 0 0 1 0 13 0 −2 1 2 −1 0 1 0
1 2 1 20 0 0 1 A 14(−1) 0 1 0 1 −1 0 0 1 A 24 (−1)
( | )
1 0 3 −1 2 −1 0 0
¿ 0
0
1 −2 2 −1 1 0 0 M 3
0 −3 6 −3 2 1 0
−1
3 ( )
¿
0 0 2 −1 0 −1 0 1

( | )
1 0 3 −1 2 −1 0 0 A (−3)
31
0 1 −2 2 −1 1 0 0
¿ A 32 ( 2 )
0 0 1 −2 −1 −2 /3 −1/3 0
0 0 2 −1 0 −1 0 1 A34 (−2)

( | )
1 0 0 5 −1 1 1 0
¿ 0 1 0 −2 1 −1/3 −2/3 0 M ( 1 )
0 0 1 −2 1 −2/3 −1/3 0 4 3
0 0 0 3 −2 1/3 2/3 1

( | )
1 0 0 5 −1 1 1 0 A (−5)
41
0 1 0 −2 1 −1/3 −2 /3 0
¿ A42 (2)
0 0 1 −2 1 −2/3 −1 /3 0
0 0 0 1 −2/3 1/9 2/9 1/3 A 43 (2)

( | )( )
1 0 0 0 7 /3 4 /9 −1/9 −5/3 7/3 4/ 9 −1/9 −5/3
0 1 0 0 −1/3 −1 /9 −2/9 2/3 −1/3 −1/9 −2/9 2/3
¿ =
0 0 1 0 −1/3 −4 /9 1/9 2/3 −1/3 −4 /9 1/9 2/3
0 0 0 1 −2 /3 1 /9 2/9 1/3 −2/3 1/ 9 2/9 1/3

( | ) ( | )
1 1 1 11 0 0 0 A (−1) 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 A (−1)
12 21
(A )= 1
−1 t2 −1 20 1 0 0 0 1 −2 1 −1 1 0 0
A 13 (−1 ) = A 23 ( 2 )
1 −1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 −2 1 0 −1 0 1 0
1 3 3 20 0 0 1 A14 (−1) 0 2 2 1 −1 0 0 1 A 24 (−2)

( | )
1 0 3 0 2 −1 0 0
¿
0
0
1 −2 1 −1 1 0 0 M 3
0 −3 2 −3 2 1 0
−1
3 ( )
¿
0 0 6 −1 1 −2 0 1

( | )
1 0 3 0 2 −1 0 0 A (−3)
31
0 1 −2 1 −1 1 0 0
¿ A32 ( 2 )
0 0 1 −2/3 1 −2 /3 −1/3 0
0 0 2 −1 1 −2 0 1 A34 (−6)

( | )
1 0 0 2 −1 1 1 0
¿ 0 1 0 −1/3 1 −1/3 −2/3 0 M (1)
4
0 0 1 −2/3 1 −2/3 −1 /3 0 3
0 0 0 3 −5 2 2 1
( | )
1 0 0 2 −1 1 1 0 A (−2)
41
¿ 0 1 0 −1/3 1 −1/3 −2/3 0
A 4 2 ( 1 /3 )
0 0 1 −2/3 1 −2/3 −1/3 0
0 0 0 1 −5 /3 2/3 2/3 1/3 A 43 (2/3)

( | )( )
1 0 0 0 7 /3 −1/3 −1 /3 −2/3 7/3 4/ 9 −1/9 −5/3
0 1 0 0 4 /9 −1/9 −4 /9 1/9 −1/3 −1/9 −2/9 2/3
¿ =
0 0 1 0 −1/9 −2/9 1 /9 2/9 −1/3 −4 /9 1/9 2/3
0 0 0 1 −5 /3 2/3 2 /3 1/3 −2/3 1/ 9 2/9 1/3

( )( )
7 /3 4 /9 −1/9 −5/3 7/ 3 4 /9 −1/9 −5/3
−1 /3 −1/9 −2/9 2/ 3 = −1/3 −1/9 −2/9 2/3
−1 /3 −4 /9 1/9 2/ 3 −1/3 −4 /9 1/9 2/3
−2 /3 1 /9 2/9 1/ 3 −2/3 1/9 2/9 1/3

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