STATISTIC AND

PROBABILITY

PORTFOLIO
CHAPTER III:
SAMPLING
AND
SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
ANDREI B. AMOR
G11- F .
BALTAZAR
MARIE JANE B. DE MESA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON 1: SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE MEANS

- PRE-TEST
- ACTIVITY
- ANALYSIS
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION
- POST-TEST

LESSON 2: PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

- PRE-TEST
- ANALYSIS
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION
- POST-TEST

LESSON 3: SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF MEANS

- PRE-TEST
- ACTIVITY
- ANALYSIS
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION
- POST-TEST

LESSON 4: FINDING THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION O MEANS

- PRE-TEST
- ANALYSIS
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION
- POST-TEST

LESSON 5: CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM

- PRE-TEST
- ACTIVITY
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION POST-TEST

LESSON 6: SOLVING PROBLEM INVOLVING SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN

- PRE-TEST
- ACTIVITY
- APPLICATION
- REFLECTION
- POST-TEST
Lesson 1: sampling distribution of sample means

Pre-test

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A

Activity 1

1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B

1. Simple
2. Systematic
3. Systematic
4. Stratified
5. Cluster

Analysis

1. What is a random sampling?

- Is a part of sampling technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen
2. What are the difference types of random sampling?
- There are four major types of sampling method, they are: Simple Random sampling, Systematic
sampling, stratified sampling and clustered sampling.
3. How do they differ from one another?
- Simple random sampling is the picking of a small group of people or members of a population
at random. The selection of particular individuals or members from a population as a whole is
known as systematic sampling. while also incorporating the division of a population into
subclasses with significant differences and variations. A population is subdivided via cluster
sampling.

Application
 1. Systematic random sampling
2. Cluster sampling
3. Stratified random sampling
4. Cluster sampling
5. Simple random sampling

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. A

Reflection

What do you think would be greatest description of a best sample? Why?

Answer: The best description of a best sample is to represent every population of every sample.
That can see the size, forming, and study of sample.

Post-test

1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. A

LESSON 2 : PARAMETER AND STATISTIC

PRE-TEST

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. A

ANALYSIS

1. What is parameter? What is statistic?

- A parameter is a number describing a whole population, while statistic is a number describing a
sample
2. How do they different from one another?
- Parameter describe the population mean while statistic describe sample mean
3. How do we get the population mean? Population variance? Population standard deviation?
 - The population mean is computed by dividing the total number of values in a data set by the
sum of all values in that data set. The population standard deviation is the square root of
the population variance, which is computed as the sum of the squares of the variable minus
the mean, which is divided by the number of populations.
4. How do we get the sample mean? Sample variance? Sample standard deviation?
- The sample mean add up the sample items. Divide sum by the number of samples. The result
is the mean. To determine the squared differences, remove the mean from each value and
then square the results. The average of those squared differences is then calculated.n variance
The sample standard deviation describes how evenly distributed the numbers in a distribution
are.

Application

Connection: The population is described using sample statistics and population parameters.

The difference between the nature is different

1. Any number derived from your sample data is referred to as a statistic.

2. The parameters describe the index's overall features.

Reflection

Is there any pros and cons in solving for the population parameter rather than the sample statistic? If
there is, what are those? If none, why?

Answer: advantage low cost of sampling, less time consuming in sampling. The disadvantage chance of
bias, difficulties in selecting truly a representative sample. They are less accurate and have error of
information collected from a population

- Difference

Post-test

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B

Lesson 3: sampling distribution of means

Pre-test

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A

Activity
 1. 3×4 12
4C2= 4! =
1×2×3×4 = 4C2= 6
2!2! = (1×2)(1×2) = 2 2

2. 6! 1×2×3×4×5×6 3×4×5×6
6C2= = = = 360 = 6C4= 180
2!2! (1×2)(1×2) 2 2

3. 5C3= 5! 5! 1×2×3×4×5 20
= = = C=
3!(5−3)! 3!(2)! (1×2×3)(1×2) 2 = 5 3
10

Analysis

1. What is sampling distribution of sample means?

- A sampling distribution is a statistic derived from many samples taken from a bigger population.
2. How are we going to create a sampling distribution of sample means? What are the steps?
- Step 1: choose a random sample of a certain size, step 2: compute the desired statistic for
this sample, step 3: plot this statistic on a frequency distribution, and step 4: repeat these
steps indefinitely.
3. How are we going to create a histogram of the sampling distribution of sample means?
- The sample means will be placed on the x-axis while the probability will be placed on the y-axis

Application

OBSERVATION SAMPLES SAMPLE MEAN

1. 1,2 (1+2) ÷ 2 = 3 ÷ 2 = 1.5
2. 1,3 2
3. 1,4 2.5
4. 2,3 2.5
5. 2,4 3
6. 3,4 3.5

OBSERVATION SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P(X)

1
1. 1.5 1 = 0.16
6
1
2. 2 1 = 0.16
6
2
3. 2.5 2 = 0.33
6
1
4. 3 1 = 0.16
6
1
5. 3.5 1 = 0.16
6
 0.33
0.33

0.28

0.23

0.18
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
0.13

0.08

0.03

1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

-0.02

OBSERVATION SAMPLES SAMPLE MEAN

1. 4,5,6 (4+5+6+) ÷ 3 = 15 ÷ 3 = 5
2. 4,5,7 5.33
3. 4,5,8 5.66
4. 4,6,7 5.66
5. 4,6,8 6
6. 4,7,8 6.33
7. 5,6,7 6
8. 5,6,8 6.33
9. 5,7,8 6.66
10. 6,7,8 7

OBSERVATION SAMPLE MEAN FREQUENCY PROBABILITY P(X)

1
1. 5 1 = 0.10
10
1
2. 5.33 1 = 0.10
10
2
3. 5.66 2 = 0.20
10
2
4. 6 2 = 0.20
10
2
5. 6.33 2 = 0.20
10
1
6. 6.66 1 = 0.10
10
1
7. 7 1 = 0.10
10

Reflection
Is there any lesson in the previous module that has a shape similar to the histogram of the sampling
distribution of the sample means? What shape it is similar to? Why do you think so? Why?

- The mean sampling distribution has a form that resembles the well-known bell curve.

Post-test

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. A

LESSON 4: FINDING THE MEAN AND VARIANCE OF THE SAMPLING

DISTRIBUTION OF MEANS

PRE-TEST

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D

ANALYSIS

1. What are the steps that you identified in the previous activity?
- Is to compute the mean of the population, the observation, samples, and the sample mean
2. How do you compare mean of the sample means and the variance of the population?
- The variation derived from population data is called population variance, whereas the
variance obtained from sample data is called sample variance.
3. How do you compare variance of the sample means and the variance of the population?
- The variation derived from population data is referred to as population variance, whereas
the variance obtained from sample data is referred to as sample variance.

Application
∈𝑥 2+5+6+8+9 30
A. 𝜇= = = =6
𝑁 5 5

30
=√
6

= √2.2360679775
𝜎= 1.495 Answer: the mean is 6 and the standard deviation is 1.495
 Samples Mean
2,5,6 4.33
2,5,8 5
2,5,9 5.33
2,6,8 5.33
2,6,9 5.67
2,8,9 6.33
5,6,8 6.33
5,6,9 6.67
5,8,9 7.33
6,8,9 7.67

Sample Means Frequency Probability P(x)

4.33 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
5 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
5.33 2 2⁄ = 0.20
10
5.67 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
6.33 2 2⁄ = 0.20
10
6.67 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
7.33 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
7.67 1 1⁄ = 0.10
10
Total 10 1.00

4.

Sample mean Probabily

1⁄
4.33 10 0.433
1⁄
5 10 0.50
2⁄
5.33 10 1.066
1⁄
5.67 10 0.567
2⁄
6.33 10 1.266
1⁄
6.67 10 0.667
1⁄
7.33 10 0.733
1⁄
7.67 10 0.767
TOTAL 6
 4.

Sample mean Probability Mean − 𝜇 Mean – 𝜇2 Probability•(Mean-

μ)2
1⁄
4.33 10 −1.67 2.79 0.279
1⁄
5 10 −1 1 0.10
2⁄
5.33 10 −0.67 0.45 0.09
1⁄
5.67 10 −0.33 0.11 0.011
2⁄
6.33 10 0.33 0.11 0.022
1⁄
6.67 10 0.67 0.45 0.45
1⁄
7.33 10 1.33 1.77 0.077
1⁄
7.67 10 1.67 2.79 0.279
Total 1 1.407

Reflection

“the Variance of people depends on how Mean they can be.” – Kirti Chowdhary

the variance is small when each data point is close to the mean, and large when it is not. It depend on
your attitude to people.

Post-test

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. C
 Lesson 5: Central Limit Theorem

Pre-test

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. D

Activity

D E V I A T I O N C
G C Z T D E F C A E
R I A I J B A R E N
A D N O S E P R M T
P S A M P L E V M R
H N O R M A L E U A
P O P U L A T I O N
H E C N A I R A V Y
Z S T A N D A R D B
L I M I T T A B L E
Z M E R O E H T X Y

Activity
1. If the population mean is 12.45, what is the mean of the sampling distribution of its means?
- The population mean is normally the same as the sample mean, so the answer is 12.45
2. If the mean of the sampling distribution is 24.29, what is the mean of
population?
- The relationship between sampling distribution and the mean of population is the same,
so therefore the answer is 24.29.
3. If a population has a variance of 6.4, what is the variance of the sampling distribution of
the means if the sample size is 4 and all the possible samples are drawn with
replacements?
6.4
4

- 1.6
 4. If the population has a standard deviation of 9.4, what is the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of its means? The sampling distribution was derived with sample size
n=3, and all the possible samples were drawn with replacements.

9.4
=
√3
9.4
1.73

- 5.43
5. If the population standard deviation is 5.6, what is the population variance?

Answer: 44.25

1. n= 4 𝜇= 4.7 𝜎2= 3

- (μx= μ) , = 4.7

3
-
√4
3
-
2
- 1.5

2. n= 7 𝜇= 4 𝜎2= 2

- (μx= μ) = 4
 2
-
√7
2
-
2.64
- 0.75

3. n= 16 𝜇= 7 𝜎2= 6

- (μx= μ) = 7

6
-
√16
6
-
4
- 1.5
4. n= 22 𝜇= 22 𝜎2= 4.5

- (μx= μ) = 22

4.5
-
√22
4.5
-
4.69
- 0.96
 5. n= 44 𝜇= 40 𝜎2= 9.6

- (μx= μ) , = 40

9.6
-
√44
9.6
-
6.63
- 1.45

Reflection

Why is the theorem names as the central limit theorem?

Answer: Due to its significance in probability theory, Pólya refers to the theorem as

"central." Post-test

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. D
LESSON 6: SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF
THE SAMPLE MEAN

PRE-TEST

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D

Activity

1.

(μ)=2.5,(μ)=2.5, S.D (σ)=2

P(X<1.5)\\

1.5−2.5
=P(Z < 2 )

= P(Z<−0.5)

=0.3085

Mean μ=2.0

Standard deviation σ=0.4

Probability that a randomly selected mango weight less than 1.5kg

X = 1.5

𝑋−μ
Z= σ

1.5−2.0
Z= = - 1.25
0.4

σ
= = 0.4 = 0.2
√𝑛 4
√

1.5−2.0
Z= = - 2.5
0.2

PROBABILITY= 0.0062
ANALYSIS

1. When do you these formula?

z=

X− μ

Answer: The raw score minus the population mean divided by the
population standard deviation yields the z-score.

Answer: it is used as the dealing data

2. Why is that probability of individual data from a population

larger than the probability of sample data?

Answer: The group from which you will collect data is referred to
as a sample. The sample size is never greater than the
population's total size.

Application
Given , n=10μ=660 mg, σ=35 ,n=10

Step 1

P(X>670)=1−P(X≤670)

Step 2

670−660
= 1 – P (Z ≤ 35√10

Step 3
≈1−P(Z≤0.9035)≈0.1831

Step 4
 The probability that the mean of the sample will be larger than 670 mg is 0.1831.

Step 1: μ= 660

σ = 35
….
X= 670
n= 10
….
Step 2: P (x¿10)

x−μ
Step 3: z= σ
√n

670−660
Step 4: 35
√ 10
= 0.90

P (X˂ 670) = P (z ˂ 0.90)

= 0.5000 – 0.3159
= 0.1841

Therefore, the probability that that the mean of the sample will be larger than 670 mg is
0.1841 or 18.41%

“An approximate answer to the right problem is worth a good deal

more than an exact answer approximate problem” – John Turkey

We forget that approximate problems are just that when they

take on a life of their own. We are concerned about significant
numerical results.

Post-test

1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D