Introduction to Criminology

Crim. 1
MODULE 3
(First Prelim-Third Week)
Maam CJ Chris Ramtom   

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
 Appreciate criminology as a social science.

 Comprehend the importance of studying criminology.

Scope and Divisions of the study of Criminology

a. The making of laws- pertains to the examination of the nature and structure of laws
in the society which could be analyzed scientifically, systematically and exhaustively
to learn crime causation and eventually help fight them. It is wherein conditions of
the society is being observed in accordance with the making of laws. Accordingly, we
have three branches of the government namely legislative, executive and judiciary
and among the three, it is the legislative branch that is responsible for the making of
laws (law making body).

b. The Breaking of Laws- pertains to the examination of reasons of crime causation

which primarily deals to answer questions why despite the existence of the law
people still commit crimes. Generally referred to as the area of Criminogenesis or
etiology (the study of causes), or crime causation.

c. Reaction towards the breaking of laws- pertains to study of how the people,
criminal and the government reacts towards the breaking of laws because the
reactions necessarily bring light to the development of modern measures to treat
criminal offenders at the same time the reaction may be contributory to criminality.

Areas of Study in Philippine Criminology

a. Criminal Etiology- include the scientific analysis of the causes of crime and the study of
criminal behavior. (Criminal Sociology)

b. Sociology of Law- pertains to the study of law and its application. (Criminal
Jurisprudence and Procedure)

c. Law Enforcement- refers to the manner in which authorities enforce the local and the
national laws of the land. (Law Enforcement Administration)

d. Criminal Investigation- pertains to the processes of crime detection and identification of

criminal offenders. (Crime Detection and Investigation.)

e. Forensic Science- the study regarding instrumentation involving the tools in crime
detection and criminal identification. (Criminalistics)

f. Penology- refers to the study that deals with the punishment and the treatment of criminal
offenders. (Correctional Administration)

Nature of criminology
a. An applied science- Anthropology, psychology, sociology and other natural sciences
may be applied in the study of the causes of crime while chemistry, medicine,
physics, mathematics, etc., may be utilized in crime detection. Therefore, criminology
is an applied science by nature because in solving crimes we make use of the natural
and physical sciences mentioned above.

b. A social science- Inasmuch as crime is a societal creation and that it exists in a

society, its study must be considered a part of social science. In other words,
criminology is a social science because crime occurs in the society.
 c. A dynamic discipline-Criminology changes as social condition changes.

d. Nationalistic in nature- The study of crime must always be in relation with the
existing criminal law within the territory.

Stay Safe and God Bless! 

#Maam CJ Chris Ramtom   

Introduction to Criminology
Crim. 1
MODULE 2
(First Prelim-Second Week)
Maam CJ Chris Ramtom   

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
 Understand the different perspectives in Criminology.

 Know what RA 6506 and RA 11131 are.

Subfields or Perspectives in Criminology

a. Critical Criminology- deals with the nature of social injustice and inequalities

b. Applied Criminology- uses a variety of disciplines to examine criminality and

criminal justice system.

c. Experimental Criminology- deals with the experimental method of research.

d. Comparative Criminology- deals with the study of crime problem by understanding

the differences and similarities of social cultures.

e. Convict Criminology- deals with the study of convicts and ex-convicts.

f. Green Criminology- deals with the analysis of crimes involving environmental

concerns.

Criminologist, Criminalist; Criminal Justice Practitioner Distinguished

 Criminologist- A person who study Criminology.

 Criminalist- A person who study criminalistic or forensic science. He is

responsible for the preservation and examination of physical evidence recovered
from the crime scene. Ex. Dactylographer or fingerprint technician, questioned
document examiner, polygraph examiner, medico legal experts, forensic experts,
ballisticians and etc.
  Criminal justice Practitioner- a person who deals in the broad areas of law
enforcement, courts and corrections. One who perform law enforcement works,
probation works and parole works.

The Filipino Criminologist

RA 6506- The law that defines Criminologist and the Practice of Profession as
criminologist.

Criminologist- are graduate of the Degree of Criminology, passed the Criminologist

Licensure Examination and are registered by the Board of Criminology.

Practice of Criminology- teachers or professors in a college universities teaching law

enforcement administration, criminal sociology, correctional administration and other allied
subjects.

License Criminologist are exempted from taking another entrance or qualifying

examination or civil service eligibility if employed in the government as dactylographer,
ballistician, QD examiner, correctional officer, law enforcement photographer, lie detection
examiner, probation officer and police laboratory technician.
Note: Under RA 6506, Filipino Criminologist is defined as a unique professional because they
can perform both as criminalist and as a criminal justice practitioner.

RA 11131- An act regulating the Practice of Criminology Profession in the

Philippines and Appropriating Funds Therefore, repealing for the purpose Republic Act No.
6506, otherwise known as “An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the
Philippines. “The Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018”. Approved on Nov. 8, 2018.

Rating in the Licensure Examination

 To pass the licensure examination for criminologists, a candidate must obtain a weighted
average rating of 75% with no grade less than 60% in any given subject. In case the
examinee obtains a weighted average rating of 75% but has a grade below 60% in any
subjects, the result of the examinee shall be deferred and be required to retake that
particular subject/s. The deferred examinee shall only be allowed to retake once within 2
years from the date of the examination, and shall be required to obtain a grade not lower
than 80% to be considered to have passed the licensure examination. If the examinee
failed to retake after the lapse of 2 years or failed to get the passing mark of 80%, the
examinee shall retake all the board subjects.
 Any examinee who failed 3 or more board subjects shall be deemed to have failed the
board examination.

Note: Those who failed 5 times whether consecutive or cumulative in the CLE must present a
certification issued by a reputable institution duly recognized by the CHED that such applicant
has satisfactorily completed a refresher course in criminology.

Stay Safe and God Bless! 

#Maam CJ Chris Ramtom   