“Army Vision: By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride”

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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
ST – Lecture on Self Development

Time Frame: 2 Hours

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
• Understand self-development.
• Discuss the values education.
• Identify the forces that shape contemporary values.
• Define the theory of values formation, ethics, and moral educations.
• Understand morality and our conscience.

READ

SELF-DEVELOPMENT

Self-Concept. Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your ideal
self or your actual self? Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will
possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure. Your actual self,
however, is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured
or, in some cases, born to have.

The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept. Self-concept refers
to your awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two selves. In other words, it
connotes first the identification of the ideal self as separate from others, and second, it encompasses
all the behaviors evaluated in the actual self that you engage in to reach the ideal self.

The actual self is built on self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that
provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think,
how we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly
knowing how others view us, the actual self is our self-image.

The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have
developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self could include
components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes,
and what we think is in our best interest.

There is negotiation that exists between the two selves which is complex because there are
numerous exchanges between the ideal and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in social
roles that are adjusted and re-adjusted, and are derived from outcomes of social interactions from
infant to adult development. Alignment is important. If the way that I am (the actual self) is aligned with
the way that I want to be (the ideal self), then I will feel a sense of mental well-being or peace of mind.

PERCEIVED AND IDEAL SELF

Perceived self (how person sees self and other see them). Real self how person is really
being and the Ideal self how person would like to be this, meaning the person is experiencing conflict
between their perceived and real self.

The perceived self is how one looks at one self and how he or she thinks others look at him or
her. The ideal self is an idealized version of yourself create out of what you have learned from your
life experiences, the demand of the society and what you admire in your role models.

6 steps to discover your true self:

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1. Be quite. You cannot and will not be able to know yourself until you take the time to be still.
2. Realized who you truly are, not who you want to be.
3. Find what you are good at (and not good at)
4. Find what you are passionate about.
5. Ask for feedback.
6. Assess your relationship.

SOCIAL IDENTITY & SELF ESTEEM

Personal identity refers self-categories which definite individual as unique person in terms of
their individual. Social Identity refers to the social categorical self. Social Identity allows people to be
part of the groups and gain sense of belonging in their social world. This identity plays an important
role in shaping self-image.

High self-esteems individual with a strong social identity set high goal for themselves and
achieve better performance compared to high esteems/weak identity individuals or low self-esteem
persons in either social identity condition.

VALUE EDUCATION

The meaning of Value Education is to teach universal values like moral values, patience,
honesty, etc., to the students. The purpose of value education is the development of the personality of
the student.

Value - refers to the major priorities that one chooses to act on, and that creatively enhances
his life and the lives of those with whom he associates with. It also means whatever is actually liked,
prized, esteemed, desired, approved, and enjoyed by any one at any time. Hence, value is an exciting
realization of one’s desire.

The children should develop in all dimensions so that they can serve the nation more
democratic, cohesive, socially and responsibly:
1. The full development of children’s personality in its physical, mental, emotional and spiritual
aspects.
2. Development of good manners and responsibility towards citizenship.
3. The way of thinking and living should be developing at the democratic level.
4. Developing patience, honesty, moral values etc.

Importance of Value Education in Life

Education is critical in the life of a person. This will give you success and a better future. The
people who are educated can survive in the competitive world more precisely as compared to
uneducated. Education gives you better living opportunities and good work.

Here is the list of importance of value education in life:

1. Education in the life of a person makes the future better.

2. Education act as a backbone in society.
3. Education changes the perspective of a person.
4. Education develops the moral values and patience.
Education helps in understanding things better and more precisely.

Role and Purpose of Value Education

The purpose of values education can be identifying in different aspects.

Various purpose of Values Education:

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1. To develop the persons personality in all possible aspects.

2. To develop good moral values in the person.
3. To develop thinking in a better aspect and a democratic way of living.
4. To develop good citizenship and standard of living and behavior of children.
5. To develop tolerance and make a kind person to the children.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Filipino Character

Pakikipagkapwa Tao - Justice, fairness and concern for others.

Family Orientation - Genuine and deep love for family, which include spouse and children,
parents and siblings, but also grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, godparents, and others.

Joy and Humor – Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving Approach to life and its ups and
downs. Open playful, sometimes cynical and disrespectful, we laugh at those we love and at those we
hate and we make jokes about our good and bad fortunes.

Flexibility, Adaptability, And Creativity - Filipinos have a great capacity to adjust and to adopt
to circumstances and to the surrounding environment, both physical and social. Unplanned or
unanticipated events are never overly disturbing or disorienting as the flexible Filipino adjusts to
whatever Happens. (Make new things out of old scraps)

Hard work and Industry – Filipinos have the capacity given proper conditions. The desire to
raise one’s standard of living and to possess the essentials of decent life for one’s family combined
with the right opportunities and incentives, make the Filipino work very hard.

Faith and Religiosity- Filipinos have deep faith in God. Our Innate religiosity enables us to
comprehend and to genuinely accept reality in the context of God’s will plan. Thus, tragedy and bad
fortune are accepted and some optimism characterizes even the poorest lives.

Extreme Personalism – Filipinos view the world in terms of personal relationships. The extent
to which one is able to relate personally to things and people to determine the recognition of their
existence and the value given to them. (Palakasan).

Extreme Family Centeredness- While concern for the family is one of the greatest strengths;
it becomes a serious flaw in the extreme. Excessive concern for family is apparent in the use of one’s
office and power as a means of promoting the interest in the family.

Lack of Discipline – The Filipino’s lack of discipline encompasses several related

characteristics. We have casual and relaxed attitude towards time and space which sown in lack of
precision and compulsiveness, in poor time management. (lack of standardization, quality control,
palusot, ningas cogon).

Passivity and Lack of Initiative - Filipinos are generally passive and lacking in initiative. One
waits to be told what has to be done. (Expect what the government can do for us)
Colonial Mentality – Filipinos have a colonial mentality which is made up of two dimensions:
(1) lack of patriotism or an active awareness, appreciation and love of the Philippines; and (2) an actual
preference to foreign things.

Kanya-Kanya Syndrome - Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that generates a feeling
of envy and competitiveness towards others, particularly to one’s peers who seem to have gained some
status or prestige. (Crab Mentality) (Tsismis, intriga unconstructive criticism).

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Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection - There is a tendency in the Filipino to be superficial

and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious problem, both personal and social, there is lack of
analysis or reflection. (Iyan ang bigay ng Diyos, maporma wala namang ibubuga).

GOALS FOR CHANGE:

1. A Sense of Patriotism
2. A sense for the common good.
3. A sense of integrity.
4. The value and habits of discipline and hard work..
5. The value and habits of self-reflection and analysis, the internalization of spiritual values,
the emphasis on essence rather on form.

GUIDELINES ON THE CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR OF A SOLDIER

1. A soldier must know himself. (Mission, expected to him)

2. A soldier must know the people. (Customs and traditions, needs)
3. A soldier must know his enemy. (Name, face, family, relatives etc.)
4. The man in uniform must be a man of highest commitment, the highest dedication, and
the highest patriotism.
5. A soldier is not only a model or a guide. He is also an ambassador of good will to his
people.
6. A soldier, in his bearing and appearance, must be a creditable reflection of his
organization.
7. A soldier must be compassionate. He must re-educate and adjust himself to the ever
changing needs of the times in order to perform his duties creditably well that of being a soldier at the
same time.
8. A soldier must perform his tasks thoroughly, faithfully, and efficiently.
9. A soldier must be physically and mentally fit for public service and live within his income.
10. A soldier must help expose corrupt practices in the public service without fear or favor.
11. A soldier must serve the public cautiously, justly, and impartially regardless of kinship,
friendship, social standing, religious or political differences.
12. A soldier must discharge his duties promptly without thoughts of gifts, benefits, either
directly or indirectly, which will be inconsistent with his position or duties.
14. A soldier must not divulge any information, which is confidential, in which he has access
by the nature of his office or duties.
15. A soldier must respect and uphold the constitution and laws of the Republic of the
Philippines.

16. A soldier must not engage in business with the government or with any private party,
either directly or indirectly, which will be inconsistent with his position as a public servant.
17. A soldier should take advantage of opportunity to promote the good image through good
public relations.
18. A soldier should support peaceful demonstrations and rallies by safeguarding the right
to dissent and to seek reforms.
19. A soldier should resolve to oppose Alien ideology inimical to our democratic way of life.
20. A soldier must resolve to help preserve and maintain the rule of law, to respect
authorities, and to uphold, protect and preserve the independence of the of the Republic and the
fundamental rights of the Filipino people
21. A soldier should follow the letter and spirit of the ‘’AFP CODE OF CONDUCT’’.

THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION

Psycho Analytic Theory (Segmund Freud 1856-1939). Suggest that unconscious forces act
to determine personality and behavior the unconscious is that part of personality about which person

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is unaware it contain infantile wishes, desires, demand, and needs that are hidden, because of their
disturbing nature from conscious awareness:

Three Aspects of personality:

The id- is the primitive instinctive components of personality that operates according to the
pleasure principle.

The ego – is the discussion making component of personality that operates according to the
reality principle.

The superego – is the moral component of personality that operates social standard about
what represent right and wrong.

Ethics and Moral Education

Moral Education- is about an inner change, which is spiritual matter and comes through the
internalization of universal Islamic values (Halstead, 2007).

Ethics – is the branch of Philosophy which tries to probe the reasoning behind our moral life.

Morality and our Conscience

Conscience describes two things what a person believes is right and who the person decides
what is right. More just gut instinct our conscience is a moral muscle. By performing us of our values
and principles, it becomes the standard we use to judge whether or not our action is ethical.

The moral conscience is considered the proximate norms of conduct because it is the immediate
source of information guiding human actions. Conscience is the most fundamental of all moral duties-
the duty to unite one’s powers of reasons, emotion and will into integrated moral whole based upon
one most must fundamental moral principle and identity.

Summary

After reading on this subject, you can now be able to:

• Understand self-development.
• Discuss the values education.
• Identify the forces that shape contemporary values.
• Define the theory of values formation, ethics, and moral educations.
• Understand morality and our conscience.
.

END

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Name:_________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Course:________________________________________ Score: ___________________

ACTIVITY: Personality Development

INSTRUCTIONS: After thorough reading of the subject, you are now requires to answer the following
questions (Use separate sheet of paper):

1. Say something about yourself, and write it in not less than fifty (50) words.

2. In the Conduct and Behavior of a soldier particularly the number 5. (States that a soldier
is not only a model or a guide. He is also an ambassador of good will to his people). Explain in your
own understanding with not less than fifty (50) words.

3. Give at least five (5) strength and five (5) weaknesses of yourself.

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Name:_________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Course:________________________________________ Score: ___________________

ASSESSMENT: Personality Development

INSTRUCTIONS: Single response, Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Type of Filipinos mentality which is made up of two dimensions: (1) lack of patriotism or an
active awareness, appreciation and love of the Philippines; and (2) an actual preference to
foreign things.
a. Colonial Mentality
b. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome
c. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
d. None of the above

2. Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy and
competitiveness towards others, particularly to one’s peers who seem to have gained some
status or prestige. (Crab Mentality) (Tsismis, intriga unconstructive criticism).
a. Colonial Mentality
b. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome
c. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
d. None of the above

3. Is a tendency in the Filipino to be superficial and even somewhat flighty, (Iyan ang bigay ng
Diyos, maporma wala namang ibubuga)
a. Colonial Mentality
b. Kanya-Kanya Syndrome
c. Lack of Self-Analysis and Self-Reflection
d. None of the above

4. Refers self-categories which definite individual as unique person in terms of their individual.
a. Personal identity
b. Social Identity
c. Values Education
d. Values

5. Refers to the social categorical self.

a. Personal identity
b. Social Identity
c. Values Education
d. Values

6. Is to teach universal values like moral values, patience, honesty, etc, to the students.
a. Personal identity
b. Social Identity
c. Values Education
d. Values

7. Refers to the major priorities that one chooses to act on, and that creatively enhances his life
and the lives of those with whom he associates with.
a. Personal identity
b. Social Identity
c. Values Education
d. Values

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8. Is the primitive instinctive components of personality that operates according to the pleasure
principle.
a. The ego
b. The id
c. The superego
d. None of the above

9. Is the branch of Philosophy which tries to probe the reasoning behind our moral life?
a. Science
b. Ethics
c. Theology
d. None of the above

10. It is considered the proximate norms of conduct because it is the immediate source of
information guiding human actions.
a. Moral integrity
b. Moral ascendancy
c. Moral conscience
d. Moral discipline

-Good Luck-

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