> Understanding The Self PRESENTED BY GROUP 1THE PHYSICAL SELF: THE SELF AS IMPACTED BY THE f BODYer =. The concept of Physical Self . ates RR Meee eel mcr CRN le eR laiem The traits are made up of specific information embedded within one's gene. Genotype refers to the specific information embedded within one's genes; not all genotypes translate to an observed physical characteristic. Phenotype is the physical expression of a particular trait. Each individual carries 23 pairs of chromosomes, which are threadlike bodies in St Mal lol UUme lm en Mee Maal eiCle Te ML oe a A PCL-R O OD ry Sol eee tee eR ee LO Wie CUNS eS MER GMC sat Ciel eae Cer ONLY MET en CRE MTs cite Pe mu aenc eee a enolate se Tiremuce eRe iatae Praca Tete Maturation is known as the completion of growth of a genetic character within a organism or the unfolding of an individual's inherent traits or potentier =. The concept of Physical Self RNAS ae ROR Rees Inia ella Seem CUleyio ER am MT CUM UM TM te Mel State MSc TTT Ma INT] Characteristics are the defining traits or features of a person's body. A period of rapid physical changes is in Puberty. The changes experienced during puberty are different from girls and boys. Girls reach puberty earlier than boys and experience menarche which is her first menstrual flow. Boys, two or three years later, experience spermarche or uur eRe leelmel marl i ellen Chale) Puberty is a brain neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that triggers the rapid physical changes. The Pituitary gland is the master endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates functions of all y other endocrine glands including gonads. at~ The self as impacted by the body ~~ Perspectives in Understanding Physical Self: 1. Psychodynamic Perspective © The development of a body self mainly has three stages: early psychic experience of the body in which sensations like tactile like in infants enable babies to discriminate bodies from their surroundings, which contribute to the sense of self. Next is defining body surface boundaries which is the stage of being awareness of body image in contrast to surface boundaries. Last stage is the distinguishing of the body's internal states which is the stage of having cohesion of the body. In these images and experiences of the body and the body, surfaces can be organized into holistic understanding of the body.> The self as impacted by the body ~~ Perspectives in Understanding Physical Self: 2. Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective The cognitive behavioral model of body image recognizes multiple determinants of body image with a distinction between those determinants that are historical versus those determinants that are proximal or concurrent that predispose or influence how people come to think. feel, and act in relation to their body 3. Feminist Perspective Relies on the social construction in which there is a possibility of individuals to experience their bodies in distorted ways (especially, women), women's dissatisfaction with their bodies as a systematic social phenomenon rather than a result of individual pathology (McKinley, 2002).Factors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 1. Personal Factors a. Introspection and Self-reflection * According to Hewstone, et al., (2015) Introspection is the process is the Process by which one observes and examines one's internal state (mental ETT Rm Lee Re Ree b. Self-Perception Theory * As stated by Hewstone and Bem (2015) Self-perception theory explains that since one's internal state is difficult to interpret, people can infer their inner states by observing their own behavior - as if they are an outside fo) ota em aN Ae Loe) LO Lk) of his physical self.Factors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 1. Personal Factors fom eeelila lola SPOR e ea Noni un Con Ra cecum am Cena ected Cc Niel eMC cea CR CSc OC ee On NC eee Pease eee CEE ected ecient aes aka ee eee ec d. Personal Identity * According to Hewstone, et al., (2015), self-concept is a cognitive representation of Role en ee Rune oe Te eee ae Cae ig uo Coe OTe ce Cesar Cece eT eo eee aT PM MN ne na eg eC te Te Ee receFactors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 2. Social Factors a. Attachment Process and Social Appraisal According to Bowlby (1969), people learn about their value and lovability when SUT ota tae Te) RAMA L eM oc-LA1e] eM MOLT LALO MTL Bo} Ruane b. Maintaining, regulating and expanding the self in interpersonal relationshipsFactors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 2. Social Factors c. The Looking-glass Self Theory * Charles Horton Cooley stated that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perception of others. * The view of oneself comes from a compilation of personal qualities and impressions of how others perceive the individual. © Therefore, in a looking-glass self, the self-image is shaped and reflected from the social world. Other people's reactions would serve as a mirror in which people see themselves particularly the way in which they are \] perceived and judged by others.Factors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 2. Social Factors d. Social Comparison ¢ The work of Leon Festinger in 1954 introduced another way of understanding oneself by comparing one's traits, abilities, or opinions to that of others. Social Comparison is a process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one's own abilities and opinions. There are two types of social comparison: 1. Upward social comparison and \] 2. Downward social comparisonFactors that affect perception of the Physical Self: 2. Social Factors e. Social Identity Theory (Collective Identity) Cte CRC ek Sm RM aR ee) ERY eld about how people achieve understanding about themselves by being a member of their group. * This idea assumes that as a member of the group they will not be discriminated against by an out-group. * It will enhance their self-esteem because they feel secured with the shield of group membership where they belong. \] * Social groups include gender, ethnicity, religion, profession, political membership and business organizations.The Impact of Culture on Body Image and Self-Esteem: ( The Importance of Beauty¢ Culture is defined as a social system that is characterized by the shared meanings that are attributed to people and events by its members. * It can be assumed that the body is contingent - meaning molded by factors outside the body, and internalized into the physical being itself. ¢ A significant aspect of culture that strongly influences adolescents who are in a face-to-face encounter with their physical selves is how their culture conceptualizes beauty. ¢ Social constructionist approach this suggests that beauty, weight, sexuality, or race do not simply result from the collection of genes one inherited from one's parents. Instead, these bodily features only take on the meaning that they have. —~« Another example of how norms of masculinity and femininity shape not just behavior, but public perceptions are those people who did activities of the other gender. They were praised at the same time and criticized just by doing what is not expected to their gender. With this, the idea that the body is marked with culture and society is the term social skin to refer to the ways in which social categories become inscribed onto physical body. Through the social skin, the body becomes the symbolic stage on which dramas of society are enacted. This idea is from the anthropologist Terence Turner (1980). _ EZ¢ Another anthropologist, Mary Douglas (1973) said that the body is the most natural symbol for and medium of classification, and thus rules associated with controlling the body and its processes emerge as a powerful means of social control. ¢ In the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries, the civilization process includes the beginning of Europeans to internalize many of the external forms of social control; however, shame and embarrassment took place, controlling their behaviors from within. * This control of behavior from within was made as theory by Erving Goffman (1982) which is called the Dramaturgical theory. The theory suggests that we are all actors on a stage, and much of what we do is engage in impression management during which we must monitor and adjust our own behavior in accordance with how people want others to perceive them.« A woman is what she wears- this statement is from the work of Janes Gaines on fashion (1990) which implies that women are often defined completely by their clothing. In this study, it suggests that people have body images. Body image can be described as a representation of how individuals think and feel about their own physical attributes. Body image is both internal (personal) and external (society). This includes (1) how a person perceives his body, (2) how a person feels about their physical appearance, (3) how a person thinks and talks to themselves about their bodies, and (4) a sense of how other people view their bodies. Though sometimes how a person looks has possibly never held as much as societal importance or reflected so significantly on our percenved sel =aa ¢ Body image is the mental representation one creates, but it may or may not bear close relation to how others actually see you. ¢ The mass media has increasingly become a platform that reinforce cultural beliefs and projects strong views on how we should look, that we as individuals often unknowingly validate ¢ Preoccupation with and distortions of body image are widespread among American women (and to a lesser extent, among males), but they are driving forces in eating disorders, feeding severe anxiety than can be assuaged only by dieting. ¢ Self-esteem is the overall evaluation that a person has of himself which can be positive or negative, high or low. Self-esteem is how valuable to himself and others he person perceives hina¢ The impact of culture on body image and self-esteem has been very crucial for sometimes people depend on this as when they define beautiful. It has been assumed that preferences for beauty are gradually learned through cultural transmission and exposure to contemporary media. ¢ Charles Darwin in 1871 became one of the first persons, if not the first, to think and write extensively about human beauty from a biological point of view, concluding that there is no universal standard of beauty with respect to the human body and attempts to determine underlying dimensions of beauty are futile. EZ—n~_) ¢ However, in 1985, contrary to Darwin's beliefs, Samuels and Ewy showed that both 3-month-old and 6 month-old infants looked longer at male and female faces previously rated as attractive by adults, suggesting that infants have the cognitive ability to discriminate attractiveness. ¢ These findings have been further supported, and it has even been shown that young infants show preferences for attractive faces, measured by looking time, that transcends gender, race, and age. ay oOThe following are some aspects in culture that may have led to some misconceptions: 1.Society's ideal for the perfect physical form for men and women. 2.lmages of perfection brought by all types of media i.e print, ACW e a Pm UA MCS 3.Since a standard has been set by society and reinforced by the media, any characteristic that does not conform to the standard is labelled as ugly. Body diversity in size and structure due to genetic heritability is not tolerated.The following are some aspects in culture that may have led to some misconceptions: 1. Society's ideal for the perfect physical form for men and women. 2.lmages of perfection brought by all types of media i.e print, television, film, and internet. 3.Since a standard has been set by society and reinforced by the media, any characteristic that does not conform to the standard is labelled as ugly. Body diversity in size and structure due to genetic Lnt=tiicle)] LNA maemo) IeeeExample of Beauty Standard in Some Culture ol Stee) REY Seen sa sen mm CCN een PEEL} f of Africa and South ee rig , Har Ce ee eee) EBC long-necked women — enya and other parts America are considered parts of the world is a persis cect Seat ag=. _/ \_ THANK YOU! “sf |