Hello Learner,

Here is a small initiative by me, which will help you to boost up

your preparation. The content in this supplementary book covers
all important maps and images from NCERTs with some
insightful information and useful links.
Thank you

Let’s Crack it
-Arti Chhawari
Unacademy Educator
MAPS FROM
NCERTs
Retrieved from ncert.nic.in
for educational purpose only.
 Class 7th Chapter 1
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS

Al-Idrisi (1099-1166)
He was one of the most renowned Arab
geographers of his time. Under the service of
King Roger II of Sicily, he dispatched draftsmen
around the world and used the information they
returned with, to compile the most up-to-date
world maps of his time. He wrote geographical
texts like Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq fi ikhtiraq al-
afaq (The delight of him who desires to journey
through the climates), which contained detailed
information on Europe, Africa, and Asia

Guillaume de l'Isle, was a French

cartographer(A person who
makes maps) known for his
popular and accurate maps of
Europe and the newly explored
Americas.
Class 7th Chapter 1
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS

Shihabuddin al-Umari: An Arab

historian who came from
Damascus, Syria; Period: (1348
A.D.) He gives a vivid account of
India in his book “ Masalik albsar
fi-mamalik al-amsar ”
 Class 7th Chapter 2
NEW KINGS AND KINGDOMS

Karakota
dynasty
8th to 10th
century CE
Gurjara- Pratihara
Capital: Avanti; later
Hindu Shahis
kannauj

Palas
Raja Dahir first ruled this Capital: Paharpur
area. Later after the invasion
of Mohd. Bin Qasim, it was
added to Umaayad Rashtrakuta dynasty
Caliphate. Capital: Malkhed

Chalukyas
of Badami/
Pallava dynasty
Vatapi
Capital: Kanchipuram

Chahamanas or
Chauhans
-Capital: first Ajmer;
10th to 12th later Delhi
Tomars in Delhi
century CE
Chandellas
Ghadavala -Capital:
Jejabhukti(Bundelkhand)
- Khajuraho temples
Solankis Sena

Paramars of Malwa
- Raja Bhoja (imp.
Mentioned in Ruler)
India's national
Chalukyas
anthem and of Kalyani Solankis
also in
-referred as Chalukyas of
Mahabharata
Gujarat
-Sun temple Modhera
-Rani ki Vav
Imperial -Anarta mentioned in
Cholas Mahabharata as kingdom
of Satyaki
 Class 7th Chapter 3
THE DELHI SULTANATE

Yadavas of Devagiri (860-

1317)
-Founder: Dridhaprahara
-Mathematician
Bhaskaracharya belonged
to this period

•Gangavadi ( under W. Ganga dynasty):

Rajaraja Chola
•Nolambavadi (under Nolamba Dynasty):
captured by Rajaraja I
•Banavasi ( capital of Kadambas in Ancient
period): captured by Rajendra Chola I
The city was founded
by Rajendra Chola I to
commemorate his victory over
the region close to river Ganga.

Established by Firoz Shah Tuglaq

Kuhna Masjid
built by Sher Shah Established by Allaudin Khilji
Suri

Established by Ghiyasuddin Tuglaq

Sultan Iltutmish constructed Hauz -

i- sultani or the “Kings reservoir” for
winning universal respect by making
the precious water available to the
people.
Class 7th Chapter 3
THE DELHI SULTANATE

During the reign of

Jalaluddin Khilji, Kara
was under the
governorship of
Alaunddin Khilji
•1299→ Gujarat; Vaghela dynasty
•1301→ Ranthambhor; Ruler
Hamirdev
•1302-03→ Warangal
•1303→ Chittor ; Rawal Ratan
Singh
•1305→ Mandu
•1306-1311→ Devagiri(Yadavs),
Warangal(Kakatiyas),
Dwarsamudra(Hoyasalas),
Madurai(Pandyas), Thanjavur
Class 7th Chapter 4
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
Class 7th Chapter 6
TOWNS, TRADERS AND CRAFTSPERSONS
Hampi
•Located in the Krishna-
Tungabhadra basin
•Nucleus of the Vijayanagara
Empire, founded in 1336.
•A well-fortified city.
•Interlocking of bricks
technique used for
construction.
•Muslim merchants, Chettis
and European traders thronged
the markets of Hampi.
•devadasis (temple dancers)
performed before the deity of
the temples.
•Virupaksha (a form of Shiva)
temple.
•Mahanavami Dibba- a
platform used by king to sit and
accept gifts on Mahanavami/
Navaratri festival.
Temple Town
is a town which gets developed
around a temple. Gradually a
large number of priests, workers,
artisans, traders, etc. settled
near the temple to cater to its
needs and those of the pilgrims.
Examples:
•Bhillaswamin in MP
•Somnath in Gujarat
•Kanchipuram and Madurai in TN
•Tirupati in AP
Pilgrimage centres developed
into towns:
•Vrindavan
•Tiruvannamalai
•Ajmer
•Pushkar
Major commercial cities new
and old
•Murshidabad
Surat
•Thanjavur
•Gate to Macca- emporium of
•Calcutta
western trade.
•Bombay
•In 17th century the Portuguese,
•Madras
Dutch and English established
trading post.
Bidar
•English chronicler Ovington who
-popular for inlay work in
wrote an account of the port in
copper and silver called Bidri or
1689, mention Surat as trade hub
koftagiri.
•gold lace borders (zari) textile
export from surat to western
Musalipatnam/Machlipatnam
countries.
•fish port town on delta of
•Kathiawad seths or mahajans
Krishna River.
(moneychangers) had huge banking
•Trade established by Dutch
houses at Surat.
and EEIC.
•Surat Hundi(is a note recording a
deposit made by a person)
honoured in markets of Cairo in
Egypt, Basra in Iraq and Antwerp in
Belgium.
Class 7th Chapter 7
TRIBES, NOMADS AND SETTLED COMMUNITIES

Many societies in the subcontinent

did not follow the social rules and
rituals prescribed by the Brahmanas.
Nor were they divided into
numerous unequal classes. Such
societies are often called tribes.
•kinship bonds
•tribal people did not keep written
records. But they preserved rich
customs and oral traditions

Gakkhars(Pakistan) :chief, Kamal Khan

Gakkhar, was made a noble
(mansabdar) by Emperor Akbar.

Khokhar (Punjab): It is said(not confirm)

that Muhammad Ghori undertook many
campaigns against the Khokhar tribe in
Punjab before he was killed by an
assailant known as Ramlal Khokhar in
South Indian
the village of Dhamiak located in
tribes the Salt Range in March 1206.

Langahs and Arghuns dominated

extensive regions of Sindh and Multan
before they were subdued by the
Mughals.
Mundas: Birsa Munda tribal freedom fighter, religious leader, and folk hero who Balocis: Balochistan region
belonged to the Munda tribe. https://youtu.be/e7D7H37bxsE
Santhalis: 3rd largest tribe of India. Santhal Rebellion or Santhal Hool was a native Gaddis:semi-pastoral and Agriculture
rebellion by the Santhal people, which was fought against both the British Empire practising Group living mainly
and the Zamindari system in 1855. in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and
Ramoshi/bedar/Berad tribe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eg89PAlP1Ls Kashmir.
Oroans: https://youtu.be/FGO2_cdLv8Q Nagas and Ahom: North eastern tribes.

Koyas and khonds: https://youtu.be/U6dq09dR_CA Chero (Bihar/Jharkhand): Raja Man

https://youtu.be/cGFvn7K1Qm4 Singh, Akbar’s famous general, attacked
and defeated the Cheros in 1591. Raja
Bhills: https://youtu.be/fiCrNGjo1Po Man Singh, Akbar’s famous general,
attacked and defeated the Cheros in
Gond: https://youtu.be/sP--cl05AJs 1591.

Kolis:Maharashtra highlands and Karnataka were home to Kolis Badagas: one of the oldest tribal
communities in the Nilgiris. Tea
Katkaris:The name Katkari is reported to have been derived from their profession plantation is the major agriculture.
of making “Kath” or catechu from the Khair tree (Acacia catechu). Katkaris are
known for their physical strength, endurance and hunting-gathering skills.

Koragas:tribe continues to make use of the forest produce—principally, bamboo

and creepers—for the manufacture of baskets. known for drum beating (dollu or
dolu beating). They used to beat dolu during events such as Kambala, village fairs.
 Class 7th Chapter 7
TRIBES, NOMADS AND SETTLED COMMUNITIES

Garos and Khasis: Matrilineal not

matriarchal society.
Sons leave the parents’ house at
puberty, and are trained in the
village bachelor dormitory. After
getting married, the man lives in
his wife’s house.

Jaintias: They have been residing

in Jaintia hills, they have been
named so.

Miris: As per tradition they

practice group fishing in winter
and group hunting in summer. The
women are expert weavers.
The ‘Ali-Ai-Ligang’ is the most
well-known and widely observed
festival (festival of sowing seeds)

Nyishi/ Daflas:
https://youtu.be/oVfCbvkzVrw

Khachari/ Bodo:
https://youtu.be/6ZqajYV3VrQ

Koches:
https://youtu.be/fz6laces2pQ

The Gonds lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana – or “country

inhabited by Gonds”. They practised shifting cultivation. The large Gond
tribe was further divided into many smaller clans. Each clan had its own raja
or rai.

Each garh was controlled

by a particular Gond clan.

Garha
Unit of 84 villages:
Chaurasi

Unit of 12
villages: barhot
 Class 7th Chapter 8
DEVOTIONAL PATHS TO THE DIVINE

Manikkavasagar
•Nayanara Saint
•Composed Tiruvacakam: a volume of Tamil
hymns.

Shankaracharya
•Kerela
•an advocate of Advaita(non-dualism) : the
doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul
and the Supreme God.

Ramanuja
•deeply influenced by the Alvars
•propounded the doctrine of Vishishtadvaita or
qualified oneness in that the soul even when
united with the Supreme God remained distinct.

Basavanna
•his companions :Allama Prabhu and
Akkamahadevi.
•Virashaivism: worship of Lord Shiva, equality of
all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas
about caste and the treatment of women.

Vaishnava poet-saints of Maharashtra

•Jnaneshwar, Namadeva, Eknath and Tukaram.
•Sakhubai and Chokhamela: “untouchable”
Mahar caste.
•devotees of lord Vitthala (a form of Vishnu)
Varkari sect Kabir and Baba Guru Nanak Surdas
•emphasis on an annual pilgrimage to •Nirgun Bhakt •Sagun Bhakt
Pandharpur(bcoz of temple of lord Vitthala). •Composed Sursagara, Surasaravali and
Tulsidas Sahitya Lahari
Chaitanyadeva •Composition of the Ramcharitmanas in
•preached selfless devotion to Krishna-Radha Awadhi Mirabai
•Sagun Bhakt •conceived of God in the form of Rama •Rajput princess
•a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from a caste
Dadu dayal Shankaradeva considered “untouchable”.
•Nirgun saint •Eka Sarana Nama Dharma (supreme •devotee of Lord Krishna
•known as 'sabdas' or bhajans (songs) were surrender to the One)
written to preach the gospel of truth •Devotee of Lord Vishnu Ramanand
•encouraged the establishment of satra or •Vaishnava devotional poet saint and mentor
Narsi Mehta monasteries for transmission emergence of Kabirdas.
•exponent of Vaishnava poetry of Sattriya Classical dance.
•acclaimed as its Adi Kavi in Gujrati literature •major compositions included Kirtana- Purandardas
•Popular bhajan: Vaishnav Jan To ghosha •chief founding-proponents of Carnatic
music
Ramdas Vallabhacharya •Worshipper of Lord Vishnu
•devotee of the Hindu deities Rama and •Advocted Pushtimarg(Lord Krishna is the
Hanuman. supreme being, the source of everything Nammalvar
•religious guru of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj that exists) and Shuddadvaita •Alavar Saint
•Book: Dasbodh
Class 7th Chapter 10
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS