DNYAN GANGA EDUCATION TRUST’S, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.

)
Core Course 1: Childhood and Growing up
Semester- I (2020 - 2021)
Question Bank
(Multiple Choice Questions)

Unit I: Growth and Development of a child

1. _______________ is change in size, in proportion, disappearance of old features and acquisition of
new ones.
• Growth
• Development
• Maturation
• Progress

2. _________________ means a progressive series of changes that occur in an orderly predictable

pattern as a result of maturation and experience.
• Development
• Growth
• Maturation
• Regression

3. Development starts from head and proceeds towards heel. This refers to _________ principle of
development.
• Cephalocaudal
• Proximodistal
• Locomotion
• Musculature

4. Which one of the following is the principle of growth and development?

• Development is an individualized process
• Development does not follow an orderly sequence.
• Development is an intermittent process.
• Development proceeds from specific to general.

5. In ______________ the child develops skills like self-help skills, social-help skills, school skills
and play skills.
• late childhood
• early childhood
• adolescence
• toddlerhood

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6. _______________ is also called as gang age. They form certain rules and code of conduct of the
gang and uphold them quite faithfully and obediently.
• Late childhood
• early childhood
• adolescence
• adulthood

7. Adolescents move from being concrete thinkers to ____________ thinkers who can imagine things
not seen or experienced.
• quick
• abstract
• deep
• good

8. G. Stanley Hall described _________________ as a time of "storm and stress."

• young adulthood
• late childhood
• early childhood
• adolescence

9. The adolescence period is identified with development of ___________ sexual characteristics like
growth of pubic and underarm hair, change in voice for boys, increased production of oil and
sweat glands.
• primary
• regulatory
• secondary
• hormonal

10. Development is a product of contribution of heredity and _______________.

• quality
• community
• environment
• locality

11. Which one of the following does not contribute to social development of children?
• peer interaction on the playground
• interaction with teachers in the classroom
• participation in extracurricular activities
• watching television in own house

12. Which one of the following does not reflect emotional development in adolescence?
• Adolescents are aware that life is a mixture of failure and success
• The adolescent is able to control his emotions
• Adolescents are afraid of facing difficult situations in life
• Adolescents have positive attitude towards life

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13. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of adolescent stage?
• Bio-chemical changes in the body
• Greater insight, better understanding and can perceive relationship more easily.
• It is a Play Age
• There is an increased influence of the peer group which shapes the behaviour to a great
extent.

14. Which one of the following does not contribute to the physical development of the child?
• physical exercise
• indoor and outdoor games
• unhealthy eating habits
• evening games

15. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of development?

• It indicates the change in the quality or character rather than in quantitative aspects.
• Development is not a continuous and lifelong process.
• Development implies overall changes in shape, form or structure, resulting in improved
working or functioning.
• Development describes the changes in the organism as a whole and does not list changes
in parts.

Unit II: Process of Development

16. The biological or psychological characteristics which are transmitted by the parents to their
offspring is known as ________________
• heredity
• environment
• puberty
• genetics

17. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _____________

• autosomes
• genome
• sperm
• venom
18. ______________ are the real carriers and determinants of Heredity.
• Chromosomes
• Genes
• Nuclei
• Autosomes

19. A _______________ refers to all of the genes that a person has inherited
• prototype
• genotype
• phenotype
• monotype

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20. In _____________ the child has three chromosomes at the site of the 21st chromosomes instead
of the normal two.
• Fragile X syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Turner syndrome
• Down’s syndrome

21. __________________ means human development from gross, immature movement to precise,
well controlled and intended movement.
• Integration
• Differentiation
• Assimilation
• Maturation

22. ____________ means to become more capable of integrating the various human systems,
especially the muscular system to produce a well-controlled and intended movement.
• Differentiation
• Maturation
• Integration
• Assimilation

23. ______________ is the process by which a relatively lasting change in potential behaviour occurs
as a result of practice or experience.
• Development
• Maturation
• Growth
• Learning

24. _____________ is the process whereby behaviour is modified as a result of growth and
development of physical structures.
• Growth
• Learning
• Development
• Maturation

25. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of maturation?

• Maturation is a natural process of physiological and mental differentiation and integration.
• Maturation does not depend on heredity.
• Maturation provides a base for learning.
• Maturation depends on growth and development that is required before learning any
particular behaviour.

26. An important difference between learning and maturation is that, maturation is _____________.
• mental and physical growth
• is evidenced by a change in behaviour
• does not require practice or experience specifically related to the skill that is being
acquired
• occurs slowly
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27. Children become more skilful at lifting heavy objects as they grow older and stronger. This
behavioural change is the result of ______________________.
• Evolution
• Learning
• Maturation
• Motivation

28. An important difference between learning and maturation is that learning _______________.
• requires practice or experience specifically related to the change in behaviour
• is not evidenced by a change in behaviour
• only lasts a short time
• is specific to a particular situation

29. Training imparted _________ maturity is useless to learn any activity.

• after
• before
• during
• later

30. _________________ is a stage of completion of growth and consolidating of mental, social and
emotional development.
• Motivation
• Maturation
• Learning
• Development
Unit III: Context of Development
31. _____________ societies are those that contain a diverse group of religious cultures and
traditions.
• Communist
• Fascist
• Pluralistic
• Socialist

32. Pluralism typically contains four components, which at the simplest level are _____________.
• diversity, intolerance, commitment and communication
• diversity, tolerance, commitment and communication.
• diversity, tolerance, commitment and miscommunication.
• diversity, tolerance, rejection and communication.

33. Which one of the following does not foster emotional development in a pluralistic society?
• Recognizing one’s emotions and values as well as one’s strengths and limitations.
• Making unethical, unconstructive choices about personal and social behaviour.
• Managing emotions and behaviours to achieve one’s goals.
• Showing understanding and empathy for others

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34. Teacher can promote pluralism in the classroom ___________________
• by teaching intolerance
• by showing support for diversity in language, attitude, and behaviour.
• by leading class discussions on topics related to bias and other important topics related to
disrespectful and abusive treatment of others.
• by not educating students on bullying and the damaging effects of peer harassment.

35. A ______________________ is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that

parents use in their child rearing.
• gaming style
• parenting style
• communication style
• learning style

36. Which parenting style can be characterised as: Parents place value on obedience and favour
punitive punishment in order to exert control over their children?
• Authoritative
• Authoritarian
• Permissive
• Uninvolved

37. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of authoritative parents?

• Reason with children instead of demanding blind obedience
• Are warm, attuned and nurturing
• Do not Listen to the children
• Allow autonomy and encourage independence

38. _____________ parents will set clear standards for their children, monitor the limits that they set,
and also allow children to develop autonomy.
• Permissive
• Authoritarian
• Uninvolved
• Authoritative

39. Permissive parents are ______________________

• very nurturing and loving towards their kids
• tend to be very demanding, but not responsive
• Have strict rules or standards of behaviour
• utilize punishments with explanation

40. Children of ____________ parents may tend to be more impulsive and as adolescents may engage
more in misconduct such as drug abuse.
• uninvolved
• permissive
• authoritative
• authoritarian
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41. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of an uninvolved parenting style?
• Show warmth, love, and affection towards their children
• Are emotionally distant from their children
• Offer little or no supervision
• Have few or no expectations or demands for behaviour

42. Children raised by ____________ parents are often emotionally withdrawn.

• authoritarian
• uninvolved
• authoritative
• permissive

43. ________________ present a chronic stress for children and families that may interfere with
successful adjustment to developmental tasks, including school achievement.
• Health
• Poverty
• Wealth
• Values

44. Which one of the following is the negative effect of gender discrimination?
• Sexual harassment, violent and unsafe workplace
• Favourable attitude towards women’s education
• Enriched nutrition and balanced diet
• Healthy and satisfactory marital relationship

45. Children are more likely to develop positive relationships when teachers ______________
• do not give explicit guidance
• model inappropriate social behaviour
• do not provide opportunities for them to develop new social-emotional skills
• offer curriculum that is engaging and relevant to children’s lives and cultures

Unit IV: Methods and Approaches of studying Child Development

46. Facts are collected by ______________ overt behaviour of the individual in order to locate
underlying problem and to study developmental trends of different types.
• experimenting
• studying
• observing
• analysing

47. Which one of the following is not a step of observational method?

• Observation of behaviour
• Recording the behaviour observed
• Analysis and interpretation of behaviour
• Taking participants to laboratory

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48. In ______________ observation the researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are
studying to get a deeper insight into their lives.
• non – participant
• participant
• systematic
• unsystematic

49. An ________________ is a study of cause and effect which involves the deliberate manipulation
of one variable, while trying to keep all other variables constant.
• case-study
• experiment
• observation
• correlation

50. In an experiment, _________________ is manipulated.

• confounding variable
• independent variable
• dependent variable
• variable

51. _______________refers to how participants are allocated to the different conditions in an

experiment.
• Uncontrolled design
• Control design
• Experimental design
• Observational design

52. Which one of the following is not an advantage of an experimental method?

• This method has universal application
• Experimental method is most reliable, most valid, most systematic, most precise and most
objective method of psychology
• Experiment has made psychology an exact science
• It is very lengthy, time consuming and energy consuming

53. ______________ is primarily used to collect detailed information on the behaviour problems of
maladjusted and deviant cases.
• Experimental method
• Observational
• Clinical method
• Case-study

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54. Which one of the following is an advantage of clinical method?
• This method is very costly as it takes visits and revisits to the counsellor
• The clinical method approach is time taking and it has no definite time limit as every case
is unique and requires individualized/ customized treatments
• In this method the students with learning disabilities get proper counselling and
guideline programmes to improve their skill
• Sometime in different educational organizations the trained professionals are not available
and teacher has to carry out the role of a counsellor

55. A ______________ involves repeated observations of the same variables over short or long
periods of time.
• cross-sectional study
• longitudinal study
• experimental study
• clinical study

56. ______________ research studies are based on observations that take place in different groups at
one time.
• Longitudinal
• Experimental
• Cross-sectional
• Case-study

57. Which one of the following is not an advantage of a cross – sectional study?
• Not costly to perform and does not require a lot of time
• Does not help determine cause and effect
• Captures a specific point in time
• Contains multiple variables at the time of the data snapshot

58. ________________ use field data from many societies to examine the scope of human behavior
and test hypotheses about human behavior and culture.
• Longitudinal studies
• Cross-cultural studies
• Experimental studies
• Observational studies

59. The advantages of cross-sectional studies include _____________________

• It does not help to separate behavior from the context or environment
• It helps in Inter Culture awareness
• It does not help in separating variable
• It helps in creating a bias in research

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60. Which one of the following is not a merit of observational method?
• It is a study of an individual in a natural situation and is therefore more useful than the
restricted study in a test situation
• It is an excellent source of information about what actually happens in classroom
• The method can be used with children of all ages
• There is great scope for personal prejudices and bias of the observer

61. When the observer observed the group passively from a distance without participating in the
group activities, it is known as ______________________.
• experimental study
• participant observation
• non-participant observation
• unsystematic observation

Unit V: Theoretical Perspectives

62. Who claimed that cognitive development is at the center of the human organism, and language is
dependent on knowledge and understanding acquired through cognitive development?
• Erikson
• Freud
• Piaget
• Kohlberg

63. ______________ is a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are
tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning.
• Reaction
• Schema
• Concept
• Reflex act

64. _________________ means knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden.
• Object disappearance
• Object relevance
• Object permanence
• Object appearance

65. _________________ is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.
• Adaptation
• Accommodation
• Assimilation
• Achievement

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66. ______________ refers to the child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of
view.
• Centration
• Decenter
• Egocentrism
• Pretend play

67. ____________________ occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years and is characterized by the
appropriate use of logic.
• The pre-conceptual sub-stage
• The concrete operational stage
• The formal operational stage
• The intuitive thought sub-stage

68. At the_______________________, our moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the
consequences of following or breaking their rules.
• conventional morality
• pre-conventional morality
• post-conventional morality
• cross-conventional morality

69. In conventional morality, Stage 4, the child/individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society
so judgments concern obeying the rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt. What is the
stage 4 called?
• Social Contract and Individual Rights
• Maintaining the Social Order
• Individualism and Exchange
• Good Interpersonal Relationships

70. Which one of the following is not the correct way of teaching moral values?
• Involve children in community service
• Narrate patriotic, religious or ethical stories
• Be impolite, disrespectful and inconsiderate towards others
• Provide opportunities for children to help others

71. According to Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development, during which age does the
psychological stage of trust vs. mistrust develop?
• early childhood
• infancy
• adolescence
• adulthood

72. Erikson’s theory can be described as which of the following?

• Psychosocial
• Psychoanalytical
• Cognitive-behavioural
• Behavioural
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73. During ______________ stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through
an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals.
• Ego Integrity vs. Despair
• Identity vs. Role Confusion
• Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Initiative vs. Guilt

74. According to Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development, the stage in which a child needs to
learn important academic skills and compare favourably with peers in school to achieve competence
is the ______________ stage.
• Initiative vs. Guilt
• Trust vs. Mistrust
• Identity vs. Role Confusion
• Industry vs. Inferiority

75. Through his theory, ___________ stressed the importance of studying a child in the context of
multiple environments, also known as ecological systems in the attempt to understand his
development.
• Erikson
• Piaget
• Bronfenbrenner
• Kohlberg

76. The __________ is the smallest and most immediate environment in which the child lives.
• exosystem
• microsystem
• mesosystem
• macrosystem

77. What is the outermost system in the ecological model?

• exosystem
• mesosystem
• chronosystem
• microsystem

78. In which bio-ecological system would a parent’s workplace be located?

• exosystem
• mesosystem
• chronosystem
• macrosystem

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79. Which one of the following can an educator do to provide students with the most opportunities for
success?
• Create a safe, nurturing environment in which students can feel comfortable and feel
support when they struggle.
• Primary relationship cannot be intended to last a lifetime
• Schools cannot create an environment that welcomes and nurtures families
• Education cannot foster societal attitudes that value all work done on behalf of children

Unit VI: Self and Emotions

80. Self-efficacy is one of the main components of self-esteem. If a person has high self-efficacy
he/she is likely to ___________________ .
• Ask for a considerable amount of help in determining how to start a difficult project.
• Believe that most assignments are difficult and confusing.
• Believe that he/she has the ability to do what necessary to accomplish the task.
• Feel that he/she lacks the skills necessary to carry-out a specific task.

81. One of the major consequences of high self-esteem is ________________ .

• Good mental health.
• Decreased complaints from unionized workers.
• Increased absenteeism.
• Increased worker involvement on teams.

82. It is reported that people who have high self-esteem themselves can generally increase your self-
esteem because these individuals usually
• Give honest feedback.
• Respect others.
• Respect themselves.
• All of the above are correct.

83. All of the following are suggested ways of enhancing/developing one's self-esteem except:
• Take action to become aware of your personal strengths.
• Minimize settings and interactions that detract from your feelings of competence.
• Talk and socialize frequently with people who boost your self-esteem.
• All of the above are ways to enhance one's self-esteem.

84. According to Bandura (1977), perceived self-efficacy refers to:

• one's judgement of self-worth
• belief in one's capabilities to win
• beliefs in one's capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to
produce given attainments
• belief in another's capabilities to organise and execute the courses of action required to
produce given attainments

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85. According to Bandura (1977), there are four main sources of information that contribute to a
person's self-efficacy beliefs:
• mastery avoidance, performance goals, success and commitment
• mastery experiences, mastery avoidance, verbal impulse and behaviours
• mastery experience, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and physiological states
• commitment, attention, verbal behaviour and verbal persuasion

86. When faced with stressful stimuli, low efficacious individuals tend to:
• give up, attribute failure externally and experience greater happiness
• work harder, attribute failure internally and experience greater anxiety
• strive more, attribute failure externally and experience great satisfaction and happiness
• give up, attribute failure internally and experience greater anxiety or depression

87. What is self-concept?

• Self-concept consists only of the actual self
• Self-concept is a construct that negotiates exchanges between your ideal and actual
selves.
• Self-concept is a construct that differentiates social roles
• Self-concept is a construct that lies ahead of the actual and ideal selves

88. What does perceived self means?

• The perceptions and beliefs about who you think you are.
• It's when you perceive someone through your frame of reference.
• Your interests, likes, dislikes, ambition, dreams
• Our thoughts and values

89. Which of the following is one of the things you have to do in order to break the cycle of a
negative self-concept?
• Try to change others to fit your personality
• Changing your verbal and nonverbal behavior
• Defend yourself when other people criticize you
• Take classes that will help enrich your self-concept

90. Ideal self is __________

• who we would like to be or think we should be.
• Who we don’t want to be
• What we actually are
• what others think of us

91. Our self-concept can be partially created from just our own thoughts about who we think we are.
• True
• False
• May be
• Can’t say

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92. What is incongruence?
• Difference between a person’s ideal self and actual experience.
• When actual self and ideal self are same
• Actual self and ideal self never meet
• Difference between thinking and doing

93. Self-Efficacy is ___________ .

• Person’s belief about the chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
• Confidence on others
• Belief of always being right
• Self-doubt of completing any task

94. What is Social persuasion?

• Being social and outgoing
• Direct encouragement or discouragement from another person.
• Encouraging others to do well
• Avoiding tasks and leadership roles

95. The ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use
the information to guide ones thinking and actions is _______________ .
• Social Intelligence
• Intelligence quotient
• Emotional Intelligence
• Emotional Quotient

96. Emotional Intelligence theory is given by ______________-.

• Daniel Goleman
• Jean Piaget
• B. F. Skinner
• Lev Vygotsky

97. Danial Goleman’s adaptation of EmotionalIntelligence includes following five basic emotions
and social competencies:
• Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy, Social skills
• Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Self-concept, Empathy, Social skills
• Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Self-efficacy, Social skills
• Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy, Self-esteem

98. _____________ means to use our deepest preference to move and guide us towards our goals.
• Self-motivation
• Self-awareness
• Self-esteem
• Self-efficacy

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99. ____________ it is a competency to handle own emotions to facilitate the task at hand.
• Self-regulation
• Self-awareness
• Self-concept
• Self-efficacy

100. The ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people is ________
• Sympathy
• Symphony
• Empathy
• Emotions

101. The Theory of Identity Crisis is given by ________.

• Daniel Goleman
• Erickson
• James Marcia
• Jean Piaget

102. It refers to a period when an individual does not have as established identity, nor is actively
searching for one.
• Identity manifestation
• Identity diffusion
• Identity crisis
• Identity formation

103. It occurs when people think they know who they are, but they have not even explored their
options yet.
• Identity Foreclosure
• Identity Diffusion
• Identity Crisis
• Identity Manifestation

104. People in the ________ status are exploring their identities, but they have not yet committed to
any certain ideology yet.
• Identity moratorium
• Identity manifestation
• Identity diffusion
• Identity crisis

105. It refers to having found one’s true sense of self.

• Identity achievement
• Identity moratorium
• Identity manifestation
• Identity diffusion

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106. A person must undergo an _________ in order to reach identity achievement.
• Identity achievement
• Identity moratorium
• Identity manifestation
• Identity diffusion

107. James Marcia’s Theory of Identity Crisis is influenced by ___________-

• Erikson’s theory of psycho-social development
• Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
• Goleman’s theory of emotional intelligence
• Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

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