HUMAN CULTURAL

EVOLUTION
 “HUMAN HAS NO CONTENTMENT”

• The saying “human has no contentment” can be best

seen throughout the changes and innovations of the
human cultural evolution.
•

• This evolution consisted of the following eras:

1. PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD
2. NEOLITHIC PERIOD
3. AGES OF METALS
•
•
PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD

Reporter: Angel Cubilla

 DEFINITION OF THE WORD PALAEOLITHIC

• The term “Palaeolithic” was coined by archeologist John Lubbock in

1865.
• It is derived from the Greek words palaios “old” and lithios “stone”,
in short, the Palaeolithic Period, is also known as “Old Stone Age.”
• This period is also called the Ice Age due to the colder climate.
 PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD

• Palaeolithic Period happened 2,500,000 years ago

 HOW HUMANS LIVED DURING THE PALAEOLITHIC
PERIOD?

• Humans lived a nomadic life and formed bands. These groups had
no particular leader.
• They hunted animals and gathered plants and fish.
•
•
•
•
•
 HOW HUMANS LIVED DURING THE PALAEOLITHIC

• They lived in caves and used fire for cooking, warmth, and self-
defense.
• They used unpolished stones as tools and weapons. Fire was also
made using stones.
NEOLITHIC PERIOD

Reporter: Angel Cubilla

 DEFINITION OF THE WORD
NEOLITHIC

• The word “Neolithic” is derived from the Greek words neo “new”
and lithos “stone”, or in short, the “New Stone Age”. This word
was also coined by John Lubbock.
•
•
 NEOLITHIC PERIOD

• Neolithic period happened for about 10,000 B.C.

•
• In this period, the Cro Magnon disappeared and the new people
who are considered the modern man appeared.
 WHAT CHANGES HAPPENED?

• There was a transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture

and settlement. (farming and permanent living spaces)
• Humans lived a sedentary lifestyle in which they built towns and
villages
• Stone tools were polished and humans also learned to
domesticate animals and plants.
• This led to an increase of population.
• Crafts such as weaving and pottery were made.
• Metal was eventually discovered.
AGE OF METALS (4000 B.C. – 1500 B.C.)

Reporter: Gerald A. Perpinan

AGE OF METALS (4000 B.C. – 1500 B.C.)
 WHAT CHANGES HAPPENED?

• Humans discovered metals and they gradually abandoned stone as the basic
element for their instrument and tools.
• Different types of metals were used; Copper, Bronze, and Iron.
• Agricultural tools were developed with bronze, such as plows and sickles, military
weapons like swords, spears and shields, as well as household utensils like jars,
bowls and cups.
• A more developed social, cultural, political, and economic system were improved.
Tribes, empires, and state were recognized at this point.
•
•
•
 AGE OF METALS

• There were three stages distinguished within this Age due to the different types of
metals that were used: The Copper Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
•
• Copper was the first known metal, followed with bronze and Iron.
SUMMARY
 EARLY CIVILIZATION AND RISE OF THE STATE

Reporters:
Precious Calo
Francine Cajefe
Jeany Babe Vitor
 ANCIENT STATE AND CIVILIZATION:
MESOPOTAMIA

• One of the earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile Crescent which is
known as the Mesopotamian civilization.
•
• The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word for “Land between two rivers” which is
often referred to as the cradle of civilization.
•
• It is the region of the Western Asia located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
•
• It is known as the Fertile Crescent where the first evidence of agriculture was also
found.
MESOPOTAMIA
 CUNEIFORM

Cuneiform is one of the first writing systems. It is one of the most important
civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian Culture.
 MESOPOTAMIAN CITIES

• Mesopotamia Cities were Ur, Uruk, Kish, Lagesh. The temple at the center of each
city is called a ziggurat (a massive, tiered, pyramid-shaped structure).
MESOPOTAMIAN WARRIOR-GODS ( 2 .4 0 0 - 2 . 5 0 0 B. C. )
 EMPIRES IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA

The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years. In the year 2350–2150
B.C, Babylonian Empire overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C., and
they built capital, the Babylon, on Euphrates River.
 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

• Egyptian civilization emerged more than 5,000 years ago along the River Nile in
the north-east of Africa.
•
•
 PHARAOH

• Egyptians called their king a pharaoh. The pharaoh was all- powerful: He passed
laws, He ruled the country, He owned most of the land, and He controlled trade
and led the armies. Egyptians believed that the pharaohs were gods.
 MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION

• In England, around 1500s, most of the people lived in small villages. They paid
tithes to their feudal landlords. Henry VII won the War of the Roses in England,
which led into what is known as the Tudor dynasty, and begun the development
of the English nation-state.
TUDOR DYNASTY
 MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION

• In Spain in the year 1492, Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella took Spain
back from the Muslim. It became the era of Spain as a global power.
 MODERN STATE AND CIVILIZATION

• In France, Louis XIV of France created an absolute monarchy. France became the
dominant power in Europe. When The French Revolution broke out, it created
the modern French nation-state, which sparked nationalism around Europe.
•
 WORLD WAR I

• In 1914, when various nation-states started to claim their power and superiority
over all the nations in the world, the World War I begun until1918. In 1919,
Treaty of Versailles ended the World War I. It divided several multinational
empires that led to the creation of several new nation-states.
 WORLD WAR II

• In 1939, the World War II started until 1945. The end of World War II led to the
formation of United Nations in 1945.
 THE STATE OF THE PEOPLE:
DEMOCRATIC STATE

• In the recent decade after the two World Wars, people are becoming more
active in their government and state affairs, in which people become the
source of political power and government rules. This evolution in the
government is known as the process of democratization, or simply democracy
– the rule of the people.
•
• Democratization is the transition to a more democratic political regime,
including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.
•
• A democracy is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the
power to vote.
GET ¼ SHEET OF PAPER
 HARD

1. How did the humans lived during the Paleolithic Era? -angel
a. Sedentary b. Mobile c. Voyaging d. Nomadic

2. What were the changes that happened during the neolithic era? -angel
a. Humans used smooth stone tools
b. Agriculture became wide spread
c. Humans settled in permanent living spaces
d. All of the Above.
3. What was the first known metal? -raldgee
a. Copper
b. Iron
c. Bronze
d. None of the above
 EASY

4. Neolithic Revolution was known as Age of Metals. There were three (3) distinguished within this Age
due to the different types of metals that were used EXCEPT: -jeany
a. Copper Age
b. Golden Age
c. Bronze Age
d. Iron Age
5. Who were the Spanish monarchs took Spain back from the Muslim? -francine
a.) Ferdinand and Isabella
b.) Ferdinand and Negros
c.) Ferdinando and Isabelo
d.) None of the above
 VERY EASY

6. It is one of the earliest states and civilizations that was found in the Fertile Crescent. -precious
a. Egyptian Civilization
b. Mesopotamian Civilization

7. Egyptians call their king Pharaoh. TRUE OR FALSE? –precious

8. The end of World War II led the formation of United Nations. TRUE OR FLASE? –raldgee

9. Democracy is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote. TRUE
OR FLASE? - Gerald

10. Treaty of Versailes ended World War I. TRUE OR FALSE? -raldgee

 ANSWER KEY

1. d
2. d
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE