D4u - Techspec - en Vol.3.2

VOLUME 3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Section 2 - Particular Civil Works Requirements
December 2021 Page 1 of 55

d4u_techspec_en Vol.3.2
NEAR/BEG/2021/EA-OP/0122
VOLUME 3 – TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The Technical Specifications – Volume 3 has been arranged in four volumes as follows:
VOLUME 3.1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS
VOLUME 3.2 – PARTICULAR CIVIL WORKS REQUIREMENTS
VOLUME 3.3 – PARTICULAR MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
VOLUME 3.4 - PARTICULAR ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

Contents
3.2 Particular Civil Works Requirements ..................................................................................................... 5
3.2.1 CESWI7 – 1.1 Definitions .................................................................................................................. 5
3.2.2 CESWI7 – 1.3 Billposting and advertising ......................................................................................... 5
3.2.3 CESWI7 – 1.4 British Standards and other documents ....................................................................... 6
3.2.4 CESWI7 – 1.5 Tidiness of Site ........................................................................................................... 7
3.2.5 CESWI7 – 1.6 Entry onto the Site ...................................................................................................... 7
3.2.6 CESWI7 – 1.7 Survey of highways, properties and lands ................................................................... 8
3.2.7 CESWI7 – 1.8 Levels and reference points......................................................................................... 8
3.2.8 CESWI7 – 1.9 Temporary Site Fencing and Gates ............................................................................. 9
3.2.9 CESWI7 – 1.10 Interference with land interests ................................................................................. 9
3.2.10 CESWI7 – 1.11 Interference with any access to properties, apparatus or service ..............................10
3.2.11 CESWI7 – 1.12 Procedure for Complaints and Claims for Damage..................................................10
3.2.12 CESWI7 – 1.13 Protection against damage .......................................................................................10
3.2.13 CESWI7 – 1.14 Use of herbicides and pesticides/protection of agricultural land..............................11
3.2.14 CESWI7 – 1.15 Works affecting watercourses ..................................................................................11
3.2.15 CESWI7 – 1.17 Apparatus of Statutory Undertakers, Highway or Roads Authority and others .......11
3.2.16 CESWI7 – 1.18 Traffic requirements .................................................................................................11
3.2.17 CESWI7 – 1.19 Emergency arrangements .........................................................................................12
3.2.18 CESWI7 – 1.20 Hazardous substances ..............................................................................................12
3.2.19 CESWI7 – 2.3 Admixtures for concrete or grout ...............................................................................13
3.2.20 CESWI7 – 2.4 Aggregates for concrete .............................................................................................13
3.2.21 CESWI7 - 2.16 Cement ......................................................................................................................14
3.2.22 CESWI7 - 2.17 Cement Grouts ..........................................................................................................16
3.2.23 CESWI7 - 2.20 Concrete - general .....................................................................................................16
3.2.24 CESWI7 - 2.22 Concrete – ready mixed ............................................................................................16
3.2.25 CESWI7 - 2.33 Dowel bars ................................................................................................................16
3.2.26 CESWI7 - 2.42 Fixings for metalwork ..............................................................................................16
3.2.27 CESWI7 - 2.47 Foam swabs ..............................................................................................................16
3.2.28 CESWI7 - 2.55 Granular sub-base material .......................................................................................16
3.2.29 CESWI7 - 2.56 Grass seed .................................................................................................................17
3.2.30 CESWI7 - 2.67 Joint sealing compounds and sealants ......................................................................17
3.2.31 CESWI7 – 2.74 Manhole covers and frames .....................................................................................17
3.2.32 CESWI7 - 2.75 Manhole steps ...........................................................................................................17
3.2.33 CESWI7 - 2.76 Marker tape and marker posts ...................................................................................17
3.2.34 CESWI7 – 2.90 Pipe surround materials ............................................................................................18
3.2.35 CESWI 2.52 Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings ........................................................18
3.2.36 CESWI7 - 2.94 Plastic chambers and rings........................................................................................19
3.2.37 CESWI7 - 2.97 Polyethylene pipes and fittings .................................................................................19
3.2.38 CESWI7 - 2.101 Precast concrete manholes and soakaways .............................................................21
3.2.39 CESWI7 – 2.117 Sands ......................................................................................................................22
3.2.40 CESWI7 - 2.120 Steel reinforcement .................................................................................................22
3.2.41 CESWI7 – 2.134 Water......................................................................................................................23
3.2.42 CESWI7 - 2.136 Waterstops ..............................................................................................................23
3.2.43 CESWI7 – 3.1 Excavation .................................................................................................................23
3.2.44 CESWI7 – 3.3 Topsoil for re-use .......................................................................................................25
3.2.45 CESWI7 – 3.4 Dealing with water .....................................................................................................26
3.2.46 CESWI7 – 3.6 Backfilling .................................................................................................................26
3.2.47 CESWI7 – 3.7 Reinstatement of maintainable highways ...................................................................27
3.2.48 CESWI7 – 3.8 Reinstatement of non-maintainable highways ...........................................................27
3.2.49 CESWI7 – 3.9 Reinstatement of unpaved land ..................................................................................28
3.2.50 CESWI7 – 3.10 Trees ........................................................................................................................28
3.2.51 CESWI7 – 3.12 Land drains ..............................................................................................................28
3.2.52 CESWI7 - 3.14 Blasting .....................................................................................................................29
3.2.53 CESWI7 - 3.15 Piling ........................................................................................................................29
3.2.54 CESWI7 3.16 Demolition ..................................................................................................................29
3.2.55 CESWI7 - 3.17 Crossing of watercourses ..........................................................................................29

3.2.56 CESWI7 - 3.18 Landscaping ..............................................................................................................29
3.2.57 CESWI7 – 3.19 Maintenance of reinstatement ..................................................................................31
3.2.58 CESWI7 – 4.1 Supply of information ................................................................................................31
3.2.59 CESWI7 – 4.2 Initial testing ..............................................................................................................33
3.2.60 CESWI7 – 4.3 Identity testing ...........................................................................................................33
3.2.61 CESWI7 – 4.4 Porous no-fines concrete ............................................................................................35
3.2.62 CESWI7 - 4.5 Transporting, placing and compacting ........................................................................35
3.2.63 CESWI7 - 4.7 Concrete temperature ..................................................................................................36
3.2.64 CESWI7 - 4.8 Curing .........................................................................................................................36
3.2.65 CESWI7 - 4.10 Construction of formwork ........................................................................................37
3.2.66 CESWI7 – 4.11 Cleaning and treatment of forms ..............................................................................38
3.2.67 CESWI7 – 4.12 Striking of formwork ...............................................................................................38
3.2.68 CESWI7 – 4.17 Laps and joints .........................................................................................................38
3.2.69 CESWI7 – 4.20 Construction joints ...................................................................................................38
3.2.70 CESWI7 – 4.22 Surface finishes produced with formwork ...............................................................39
3.2.71 CESWI7 – 4.28 Concrete repairs .......................................................................................................39
3.2.72 CESWI7 – 5.1 Pipelaying generally...................................................................................................40
3.2.73 CESWI7 – 5.2 Pipe bedding ..............................................................................................................40
3.2.74 CESWI7 – 5.3 Concrete protection to pipes ......................................................................................41
3.2.75 CESWI7 – 5.4 Pipe surround .............................................................................................................41
3.2.76 CESWI7 – 5.7 Pipe jointing generally ...............................................................................................41
3.2.77 CESWI7 – 5.8 Welded joints in polyethylene pipes ..........................................................................42
3.2.78 CESWI7 – 5.14 Protection of ferrous pipes, joints and fittings .........................................................43
3.2.79 CESWI7 – 5.17 Brickwork manholes and chambers .........................................................................44
3.2.80 CESWI7 – 5.18 Inverts and benching ................................................................................................44
3.2.81 CESWI7 – 5.24 Junctions and laterals on sewers ..............................................................................44
3.2.82 CESWI7 - 5.34 Mainlaying and service records ................................................................................44
3.2.83 CESWI7 – 5.35 Transport, storage and stringing of pipes .................................................................44
3.2.84 CESWI7 – 5.36 Pipe lowering ...........................................................................................................45
3.2.85 CESWI7 - 7.2 Precautions prior to testing pipelines ..........................................................................46
3.2.86 CESWI7 – 7.3 Testing method programme and notification .............................................................46
3.2.87 CESWI7 – 7.4 Testing non-pressure pipelines ...................................................................................46
3.2.88 CESWI7 – 7.7 CCTV inspection of pipelines ....................................................................................47
3.2.89 CESWI7 – 7.15 Water for testing, swabbing and disinfection ...........................................................47
3.2.90 CESWI7 – 7.16 Disposal of water from cleansing, testing or disinfection ........................................47
3.2.91 CESWI7 – 8.0 Roadworks .................................................................................................................47
3.2.92 CESWI7 – 8.1 Road formations .........................................................................................................47
3.2.93 CESWI7 – 8.2 Sub-base construction ................................................................................................48
3.2.94 CESWI7 – 8.6 Laying of hot rolled asphalt .......................................................................................48
3.2.95 CESWI7 – 8.9 Laying concrete carriageways ....................................................................................49
3.2.96 CESWI7 – 8.15 Fixing of gullies .......................................................................................................49
3.2.97 CESWI7 – 8.17 Concrete Footways ...................................................................................................49
3.2.98 CESWI7 – 8.18 Reinstatement of surfaces other than roads ..............................................................49
3.2.99 CESWI7 – 8.19 Removal of existing road pavement .........................................................................50
3.2.100 CESWI7 – 9.0 Sewer Renovation ..................................................................................................50
3.2.101 CESWI7 – 9.2 Preparatory survey .................................................................................................50
3.2.102 CESWI7 – 9.3 Preparation of sewers .............................................................................................51
3.2.103 CESWI7 – 9.22 CCTV Investigations ...........................................................................................51
3.2.104 CESWI7 – C9.23 Concrete Pipe Patch Repairs .............................................................................52
3.2.105 CESWI7 – C9.24 Concrete Pipe Crack Repairs .............................................................................53
3.2.106 CESWI7 – C9.25 Pipe Bursting .....................................................................................................54
3.2.107 CESWI7 – C9.26 Manhole Repairs ...............................................................................................54

3.2 Particular Civil Works Requirements
Volume 3.2 is an integral part of Volume 3 - Technical Requirements and must be read in conjunction
with the other two volumes.
This volume covers Particular Civil Works Requirements which have to be read in conjunction with the
rest of Volume 3.
The General Specification retained for this Technical Requirements shall be the ”Civil Engineering
Specification for the Water Industry”, 7th Edition (further referred to as CESWI 7), published by UK
Water Industry Research Ltd in March 2011.
CESWI 7 comprises 11 Chapters and the particular technical requirements comprising of amendments to
existing clauses or additions are provided in this document.
In so far as any Supplementary Clause may conflict, or be inconsistent, with any provision of the ‘Civil
Engineering Specification for the Water Industry (7th Edition)’ (CESWI 7), the Supplementary Clause
shall always prevail.
The heading defines the relevant chapter to which the following changes are applicable. The clause
number of CESWI 7 is defined at the start of each paragraph and starts with a “C”.
3.2.1 CESWI7 – 1.1 Definitions
3.2.1.1 C1.1.3 All occurrence of “Contracting Authority” shall be deemed to be equivalent with the
term “Employer”.
3.2.1.2 C1.1.4 All occurrence of “Environmental regulator” shall be deemed to be equivalent with
the term Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
3.2.1.3 C1.1.5 All occurrence of “River Authority” shall be deemed to be equivalent with the term
“SrbijaVode (Serbian Water)”.
3.2.1.4 C1.1.6 All occurrence of “Highway Reinstatement Specification” shall be deemed to be

equivalent with the term “The Location Conditions provided by Putevi Srbija (Roads of Serbia)”.
3.2.1.5 C1.1.7 The End Recipient is Nis Municipality.

3.2.2 CESWI7 – 1.3 Billposting and advertising
3.2.2.1 C1.3.2 In order to visualize the project co-financed by the European Union, the Contractor
shall erect at each work place or intervals of approx. 2,000 m along the pipeline, billboards displaying
information about the project and the role of IPA and the European Union in this project. The
billboards will be thus installed at all site entrances. The billboards will have the sign of the European
Union and shall comply with the EU visibility guidelines.
3.2.2.2 C1.3.3 Beside this above mentioned placards, the Contractor shall post signboards at several
sites with the following further information:
 name of the Project;
 sign and name of the Employer;
 sign and name of the Beneficiary;
 flag of European Union and Republic of Serbia;
 sign and name of the Engineer(s);
 sign and name of the Contractor;
 duration of work;
 cost of work.
3.2.2.3 C1.3.4 The format, size and material of the signboards shall comply with the provisions of
the Serbian Law on Construction and the EIB Visibility Guidelines. The details shall be agreed upon
with the Employer and the Engineer prior to posting.

3.2.2.4 C1.3.5 Signboards shall be of durable construction capable of withstanding exposure to the
weather conditions until the end of the Defects Liability Period. The Contractor shall keep the
signboards in good repair for the duration of the contract and shall remove them on final completion
of the Contract.
3.2.2.5 C1.3.6 Besides these signboards the Contractor shall not, except with the written authority of
the Engineer, exhibit or permit to be exhibited on the Site any other form of advertisement.
3.2.3 CESWI7 – 1.4 British Standards and other documents
3.2.3.1 C1.4.3 The Standards, norms and codes are listed in Appendices II till VI of the CESWI 7.
BS-EN means British Standards in conformity with the European Norms.
3.2.3.2 C1.4.4 The Standards, norms and codes are indicated in the following documents:
 VOLUME 3: Technical Specifications
 VOLUME 4: Financial Offer
 VOLUME 5: Design and Drawings
3.2.3.3 C1.4.5 In case(s) where Standards, norms and codes are not indicated according to 1.4.3 and
1.4.4, the Engineer shall inform the Contractor immediately. Conversely in case(s) where Standards,
norms and codes are not mentioned according to 1.4.3 and 1.4.4, the Contractor shall inform the
Engineer immediately. The Engineer shall determine whether these standards, norms and codes are
applicable for the Works. The Engineer’s decision in this respect shall be final and conclusive
3.2.3.4 C1.4.6 Where standards, norms and codes are specified, whether Serbian, or from other
country or region (including the EN – European Norms), the Contractor is authorized to offer other
authoritative standards, norms and codes which ensure an equal or higher quality than the standards,
norms and codes specified subject to the Engineer's prior review and written approval.
3.2.3.5 C1.4.7 Wherever a Serbian National specification, technical standard, building, construction
and environmental regulation is more restrictive than the specific standards listed in these
specifications, the Serbian standard or regulation shall take precedence.
3.2.3.6 C1.4.8 Differences between the standards specified and the proposed alternative standards
must be fully described in writing by the Contractor and submitted to the Engineer, in the English
language, at least 28 calendar days prior to the date when the Contractor desires the Engineer's
approval. In the event the Engineer determines that such proposed deviations do not ensure equal or
higher quality, the Contractor shall comply with the standards specified in the documents.
3.2.3.7 C1.4.9 The proposed standard, norm or code shall be the latest version or edition current 28
days prior to the date of the request for approval by the Contractor.
3.2.3.8 C1.4.10 If the Supplier offers materials, articles, products or works according to standards
other than indicated in the Contract, the Contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer. As part
of this approval, the Contractor shall submit a copy of the (foreign) standard regarding the qualities of
the respective material, part, assembly, workmanship etc. or a document issued by the supplier that
certifies this material qualities correspond with the specified Standards, norms or codes. Where the
language of the proposed standard, norm or Code is not English, an official translation of the
document must also be provided.
3.2.3.9 C1.4.11 The Contractor shall make available when requested by the Engineer a copy of
standards and standards indicated in the present specifications or that have been introduced and
accepted during the works. Their copies will be permanently kept on the site to be available at any
time to the Engineer.
3.2.3.10 C1.4.12 Any discrepancy between the applied standards and the requirements of these
specifications shall be notified to the Engineer for clarification prior to work execution. The indicated
standard requirements are minimal. The Contractor may offer materials of higher standards.

3.2.3.11 C1.4.13 The cost of providing copies of standards, norms or codes as indicated above shall be
deemed to be included in the unit rates as tendered.
3.2.3.12 C1.4.14 Where the Contractor has to design some parts, assemblies etc, the design and
construction of the Works shall be in accordance with the Contract and good modern practice, and
shall be such as to facilitate operation, inspection, cleaning, lubrication and repair of the various
components of the works.
3.2.3.13 C1.4.15 Serbian regulations for construction of the works should be followed, especially
regarding Consent to work, Building Permits, Safety regulations, existing services, regional and local
road authorities permits etc.
3.2.3.14 C1.4.16 The names of the manufacturers of Materials and Plant proposed for incorporation in
the Works together with performance characteristics, capacities, certified test reports and similar
information of proposed Plant, shall be furnished at the specified times or when requested by the
Engineer. If in the Engineer’s judgement, the provision of such Materials and Plant is unsatisfactory
because they are not in compliance with the standards and codes listed in the Specification, then the
Engineer shall have the right to reject such proposed manufacturers.
3.2.3.15 C1.4.17 Any materials and workmanship not fully specified herein or covered by the
Standards, Codes or Manuals shall be of such type and quality so as to produce a first class work. In
such circumstance the Engineer shall determine whether all or any of the materials offered or
delivered to the site are suitable for use in the Works and the Engineer’s decision in this respect shall
be final and conclusive.
3.2.3.16 C1.4.18 All dimensions distances and levels on the Drawings are shown in the SI-system. The
Contractor shall prepare shop-working drawings and As-build drawings and submit these drawings
also in the SI-system (see Appendix VIII).
3.2.4 CESWI7 – 1.5 Tidiness of Site
3.2.4.1 C1.5.5 The Contractor shall maintain the Site and all working areas in a hygienic condition.
In all matters of health and sanitation he shall comply with the requirements of the local Medical
Officer of Health or other competent authorities.
3.2.4.2 C1.5.6 Before application is made for the Engineer to accept any substantially completed
Section of the Works, all items shall be complete, ready to operate and in a clean condition. All trash,
debris, unused building materials and temporary facilities shall have been removed from the Site.
Tools and construction equipment not needed during the subsequent Defects Liability Period for
repair and adjustment shall not remain on the Site. The temporary walkways, parking areas and
roadways shall be completely swept and cleaned.
3.2.4.3 C1.5.7 The Works or any section thereof will not be considered complete the Contractor has
removed all his machinery, equipment, plant, waste material from the site and the site reinstated to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
3.2.5 CESWI7 – 1.6 Entry onto the Site
3.2.5.1 C1.6.6 Most of the construction sites are public land or land owned by the Beneficiary or for
which a right of way has been acquired by the Beneficiary with a maximum workspace along the
longitudinal profile of the pipe line of 10,00 m width or otherwise indicated on the Drawings. Details
of particular site areas are indicated on the Drawings in Volume 5 and no extensions beyond these
limits are allowed without written consent of the Engineer.
3.2.5.2 C1.6.7 Prior to the commencement of operations, the Engineer shall supply to the Contractor
the names and addresses of relevant owners and occupiers. The Contractor shall notify the Engineer in
writing 14 days in advance of his intention to start work within each area of ownership or occupation.
3.2.5.3 C1.6.8 The Contractor shall obtain temporary way leaves on whatever additional lands or
working easements are required by him to carry out the Works. The Contractor is responsible for the
cost of such arrangement.
3.2.5.4 C1.6.9 The Contractor is deemed to be familiar with the conditions imposed by the
Municipalities for the works to be carried out within the limits of the public roads, walkways and
green area.
3.2.5.5 C1.6.10 The sites will be made available to the Contractor one week ahead of the start of
physical work on site according to the Contractor’s programme. In addition, the Contractor shall have
permanent access to identified roads or paths required to reach the Site. The Contractor and the
Engineer at the outset of Works shall agree upon the access roads or paths. The Contractor shall keep
all access roads and paths sufficiently clear to permit normal flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
The Contractor shall at his own cost provide any improvement of tracks to the sites if required for
access by his equipment.
3.2.5.6 C1.6.11 Immediately after completion of works on each site, the Contractor shall at his own
cost remove all equipment, plant and unused materials fill in and level pits and reinstate the site to its
original condition.
3.2.5.7 C1.6.12 If any damage to services results from the execution of the Works, the Contractor
shall immediately:
 notify the Engineer, End Recipient and appropriate utility company;
 make arrangements for the damage to be made good without delay to the satisfaction of
the utility company including damages to the access roads. The Contractor shall be liable
for all costs for making good such damage.
3.2.5.8 C1.6.13 The Engineer may issue instructions or make other such arrangements, as he seems
necessary; to repair rapidly any essential services damaged during the execution of the Contract. Such
arrangements shall not affect any liability to pay for making good the damage.
3.2.5.9 C1.6.14 No work shall be covered up or put out of view without the prior approval of the
Engineer. The Contractor shall provide full access to the Engineer to enable him to examine work,
which will subsequently be covered up. The Contractor shall give reasonable prior notice to the
Engineer whenever any such work is ready for examination and the Engineer shall within a reasonable
time examine the work.
3.2.6 CESWI7 – 1.7 Survey of highways, properties and lands
3.2.6.1 C1.7.5 The surveys shall be accompanied by the Engineer or his representative and the
proprietor of the land.
3.2.6.2 C1.7.6 Individual colour photographs will be produced in any particular case if required by
the proprietor of the land.
3.2.7 CESWI7 – 1.8 Levels and reference points
3.2.7.1 C1.8.2 The Works shall be set out and tied to the National Co-ordinate System.
3.2.7.2 C1.8.3 Except where otherwise specified all levels shall be in meters above sea level with
accuracy of millimetres. The data for all levels shall be based on bench marks approved by the
Engineer or State institutions.
3.2.7.3 C1.8.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for constructing the Works in accordance with the
data on levels, benchmarks and other points of reference in the vicinity of the site(s) if they are not
shown on the Drawings. The appropriate data thereof will be supplied to the Contractor by the
Engineer before execution of the Works.
3.2.7.4 C1.8.5 The Contractor shall satisfy himself that the existing ground levels and the levels and
locations of structures as indicated in the Contract are correct. Should the Contractor wish to dispute
any levels he shall submit to the Engineer a schedule of the position of the levels considered to be in
error and a set of revised levels at least 48 hours prior to commencing work in that area.

3.2.7.5 C1.8.6 The Contractor shall establish temporary benchmarks and survey stations at suitable
locations on the Site of the Works with intervals of not more than 300m along all pipe lines.
Temporary benchmarks and survey stations shall, unless otherwise approved, be located clear of the
construction works
3.2.7.6 C1.8.7 The Contractor shall maintain a record of the levels of all the benchmarks and shall
submit of the records to the Engineer. It shall be related to the level bench marks and shall be
approved by the Engineer.
3.2.7.7 C1.8.8 The locations of structures to be constructed as part of the Works shall be identified
by reference to steel pins set in concrete or other approved markers set up by the Contractor, who
shall also determine the co-ordinates of the markers and their distances from adjacent existing
structures.
3.2.7.8 C1.8.9 The Contractor shall set out sections of the Works at such times as may be directed by
the Engineer to enable Service Authorities to carry out temporary or permanently alterations to their
equipment or buried services.
3.2.8 CESWI7 – 1.9 Temporary Site Fencing and Gates
3.2.8.1 C1.9.5 Location and type of fencing are indicated on the drawings.
3.2.8.2 C1.9.6 The type and height of temporary fencing shall be to the Engineer's satisfaction where not
stated elsewhere in the Contract.
3.2.8.3 C1.9.7 Where required by the Contract the Contractor shall be responsible for making the Site
secure with lockable access gates and security lighting to suit local conditions.
3.2.9 CESWI7 – 1.10 Interference with land interests
3.2.9.1 C1.10.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining additional temporary way leaves as
necessary.
3.2.9.2 C1.10.5 The cost of obtaining way leaves, including crop compensation, for temporary
working areas, additional working easement and for any additional areas, required by the Contractor
in connection with the Works as well as for the access to all of these shall be borne by the Contractor
himself.
3.2.9.3 C1.10.6 If the Contractor's work will cause unavoidable interference with access to adjoining
property, the Contractor shall first give 7 days’ notice to the occupier of such property and shall
provide temporary means of access for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock.
3.2.9.4 C1.10.7 The extent of each temporary working area and the period of time for its occupation
shall be such as the Engineer considers necessary having regard to the Contractor's reasonable
requirements which shall be submitted together with the Work Programme to the Engineer.
3.2.9.5 C1.10.8 The Contractor shall reinstate any temporary working areas to the condition
prevailing prior to his initial entry as soon as possible after the work in those areas has been
completed so as to keep the period of occupation to a minimum. The Contractor shall in any event
restore the areas to a tidy and workmanlike condition. Walls, fences and other structures that have
been damaged, removed or otherwise interfered with by the Contractor shall be restored to a condition
at least equivalent to their original condition. The Contractor shall make photographic records of the
initial conditions of the site prior to starting of the works to avoid potential disagreements with the
owners.
3.2.9.6 C1.10.9 Access shall be provided in temporary/Site fencing as necessary for the use of the
occupiers of adjacent lands. Temporary site fencing shall remain in position until either it is replaced
by permanent fencing or the Works are sufficiently completed to enable that portion of the Site to be
brought into use.

3.2.9.7 C1.10.10 Convenient access to driveways, houses and buildings adjoining the work shall be
maintained and temporary approaches to intersecting streets and alleys shall be provided and kept in
good condition by the Contractor.
3.2.9.8 C1.10.11 As soon as a section of surfacing, pavement or a structure is completed and approved
by the relevant authorities it shall immediately be opened for use by traffic and pedestrians.
3.2.9.9 C1.10.12 The Contractor shall at all times provide free access to public water valves, water
hydrants, or other utility valves.
3.2.9.10 C1.10.13 The Contractor shall control the movement of his crews and equipment on the
working easement including access routes approved by the Engineer so as to minimize damage to
crops and property and shall endeavour to avoid marring the lands. Scars shall be obliterated and
damage to land shall be corrected and the land shall be restored as closely as possible to its original
conditions before final taking-over of the Works. The Contractor shall be responsible directly to the
tenant / land owner for any excessive or avoidable damage to crops or lands resulting from his
operations whether on lands adjacent to right-of-way or on approved access road and deductions will
be made from payment due to the Contractor to cover the amount of such excessive or avoidable
damage if adequate compensation in the opinion of the Engineer is not paid by the Contractor.
3.2.9.11 C1.10.14 The Contractor shall be responsible and take all measures in order to protect adjoining
property including buildings and other structures. Prior to the commencement of the activities, the
Contractor shall assess the probability and extent of unavoidable damages, if any, to the building and
properties and submit his assessment to the Engineer. The Engineer may require additional
arrangements for protection or repair of such likely unavoidable damage in which event the
Contractor shall comply without additional payment.
3.2.10 CESWI7 – 1.11 Interference with any access to properties, apparatus or service
3.2.10.1 C1.11.5 The Contractor shall give strict and specific instructions to all his employees that no
valves or other fittings, not forming part of the Contract, are to be operated, adjusted or interfered
with in any way without the specific agreement of the Engineer and End Recipient.
3.2.10.2 C1.11.6 The Contractor shall provide and maintain all accesses, temporary roads, structures
and the like required to maintain access to properties affected by the works and also to allow the
Contractor to access any locations where construction is being carried out or to access site facilities.
All access shall be reinstated to the condition that they were in prior to the commencement of any
construction activities. The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining photographic evidence of
the condition of all sites prior to and on completion of the construction activities.
3.2.11 CESWI7 – 1.12 Procedure for Complaints and Claims for Damage
3.2.11.1 C1.12.3 to be added: Promptly is defined as ‘within 2 working days of any notification’.
3.2.11.2 C1.12.4 Details of all claims or warnings of intended claims which the Contractor may receive
in respect of matters against which he is required by the Contract to indemnify the Employer shall be
notified without delay to the Engineer, who shall likewise pass to the Contractor any such claims or
warnings which may be submitted directly to the Engineer or Employer.
3.2.11.3 C1.12.5 A similar exchange of information as mentioned in 1.12.4 shall also be made in
relation to all complaints which may be received.
3.2.12 CESWI7 – 1.13 Protection against damage
3.2.12.1 C1.13.4 The Contractor shall ensure that damage to any public or private roads, footpaths and
tracks used by any vehicles or equipment proceeding to or from the Site is kept to a minimum and he
shall be responsible for the cost of all repairs necessary to restore such roads, tracks or footpaths to the
satisfaction of the Engineer and the owner and/or controlling authorities.

3.2.12.2 C1.13.5 Should any leakages or damage be discovered, the Contractor shall at once notify the
Engineer or End Recipient and the Utility company, Highway Authority or owner concerned, as
appropriate, and the Contractor shall afford every facility for the immediate repair or replacement of
the apparatus affected.
3.2.12.3 C1.13.6 The Contractor shall fully reinstate at his expense and to the Engineer’s satisfaction
any damage caused by any of his operations.
3.2.12.4 C1.13.7 Damage includes all actions that would lead to environmental damage such as tipping
of waste, fuel or oil and destruction by plant and equipment.
3.2.12.5 C1.13.8 The Contractor shall protect all underground and above ground existing structures
from damage, whether or not they lie within the limits of the easements obtained by the End
Recipient. Where such existing walls, fences, gates, sheds, buildings, or any other structures must be
removed in order to carry out the construction properly, they shall be restored to their original
condition to the satisfaction of the property owner, occupier and Engineer. The Engineer shall be
notified of any damage made to structures and repairs or replacements shall be made before
backfilling takes place. The Contractor shall remove and replace such small miscellaneous structures
as fences, mailboxes, and signposts without additional compensation from the Employer. These
structures shall be replaced in a condition as good as their original condition.
3.2.12.6 C1.13.9 If existing structures are encountered which will prevent the construction of the
Works as designed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of his proposed changes and make such
reasonable modifications as are necessary to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3.2.13 CESWI7 – 1.14 Use of herbicides and pesticides/protection of agricultural land
3.2.13.1 C1.14.2 to be added: When applicable, first the Serbian Government list or any other National
Institute Listing of approved pesticides shall be used for selection of pesticides.
3.2.14 CESWI7 – 1.15 Works affecting watercourses
3.2.14.1 C1.15.6 The Contractor shall obtain approval for all temporary discharges, crossings or
diversions to watercourses. National legal requirements and those specific to the Project are detailed
in the Contract.
3.2.15 CESWI7 – 1.17 Apparatus of Statutory Undertakers, Highway or Roads Authority and
others
3.2.15.1 C1.17.5 Before commencement of the works, the Contractor shall examine the pipe route for
relevant utility organizations with marking the positions of existing installations, e.g. telephone lines,
electricity, heating, water supply, sewerage and other underground infrastructure utilities.
3.2.15.2 C1.17.6 The Contractor shall record the position of all located existing services on the general
arrangement drawings, a copy of which shall be made available by the Contractor to the Engineer. If
any service is found to exist but is not as indicated in the Contract then the Contractor shall at once
give written notification to the Engineer. No warranty is given as to the accuracy or completeness of
the information on existing services included in the Contract.
3.2.15.3 C1.17.7 The Contractor shall possess sufficient serviceable pipe/cable detectors for locating
buried pipes and cables and appropriate staff competent in their use. Each detector shall be operated in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.15.4 C1.17.8 Paint used for temporary marking of services shall be non-permanent and shall either
weather away naturally or be capable of being washed away using water and a stiff brush.
3.2.15.5 C1.17.9 The Contractor shall comply with any relevant local or National Utility regulations
indicated in the Contract.
3.2.16 CESWI7 – 1.18 Traffic requirements

3.2.16.1 C1.18.12 Throughout the Contract Period, the Contractor shall co-operate with the Roads and
Police Authorities concerning works in, or access to, any regional and local road. The Contractor shall
inform the Engineer of any requirements of, or arrangements made with, the Roads and Police
Authorities.
3.2.16.2 C1.18.13 The Contractor shall clean all spilled dirt, gravel, or other foreign material caused by
the construction operations from all streets and roads at the conclusion of each day's operation.
Cleaning shall include washing with water, power brushing, and use of manual labour as necessary to
achieve the necessary standard comparable with adjacent streets unaffected by the works. All such
spillage or droppings shall be cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer and appropriate Public
Authority. The Contractor shall indemnify the Employer against all claims by the third parties, which
may arise out of the Contractor’s failure to comply with this Section.
3.2.16.3 C1.18.14 The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to prevent vehicles entering and leaving
the Site depositing mud or other debris on the surface of adjacent roads or footways, and shall remove
expeditiously any materials so deposited.
3.2.16.4 C1.18.15 The Contractor is responsibility for road closures, road diversions and notifications
(as required) unless stated in the Particular Technical Specifications.
3.2.16.5 C1.18.16 The Contractor shall not without the agreement of the Engineer obstruct more than a
100 metre length of any part of the highway at any one time.
3.2.16.6 C1.18.17 Where single line traffic operation is unavoidable, the Contractor shall provide a
proper system of traffic control as agreed by the Engineer and the Police Authority.
3.2.17 CESWI7 – 1.19 Emergency arrangements
3.2.17.1 C1.19.3 The Contractor shall provide and maintain in operative condition all equipment
necessary to render first aid in case of accidents or other emergencies. This equipment shall be kept in
readiness at every Site where Works are underway and whenever any Contractor staffs are present.
3.2.17.2 C1.19.4 The Contractor shall ensure that at least one staff member at each Site where staff are
present has knowledge of simple first-aid procedures and is able to administer first-aid help in the
event of injury.
3.2.17.3 C1.19.5 The Contractor shall maintain contact information for obtaining emergency medical
attention, as well as contact information for police, fire department and other relevant emergency
authorities.
3.2.17.4 C1.19.6 The Contractor shall notify the Fire and Police Services before closing any street or
portion thereof and no closing shall be made without the Engineer's approval. The Fire and Police
Services shall be notified when the streets are again passable for emergency vehicles. The method
adopted for construction of the Works shall minimise interference with Fire and Police Service access
and at no time prevent such access.
3.2.17.5 C1.19.7 The Contractor shall leave his night contact telephone number with the local Police
office whenever construction operations are in progress.
3.2.18 CESWI7 – 1.20 Hazardous substances
3.2.18.1 C1.20.4 The Contractor shall obtain the Engineer’s approval in writing prior to storing and
locations of any hazardous substance on the site.
3.2.18.2 C1.20.5 The Contractor shall comply with specific Local or National codes and laws, for
example, those concerning storage of fuel and flammable substances and explosives.
3.2.18.3 C1.20.6 The Contractor shall remove all rubbish and material of a flammable nature and take
such other steps as the Engineer may require but this shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his
obligations under the Contract.

3.2.18.4 C1.20.7 Special arrangements will be necessary for the storage of highly flammable liquids on
the site. Generally all liquid/fuel storage tanks shall be located in a sealed protective retaining bund
capable of holding at least 110% of the tank volume with a freeboard of 200mm. Filling/discharge
pipe work shall be positioned to contain spillage in the bund and all valves shall be lockable.
3.2.19 CESWI7 – 2.3 Admixtures for concrete or grout
3.2.19.1 C2.3.3 Where admixtures are proposed they must be approved by the Engineer together with
details of the concrete mixes.
3.2.20 CESWI7 – 2.4 Aggregates for concrete
3.2.20.1 C2.4.5 Aggregates complying with EN 1744 shall have values of ‘ten per cent fines’,
aggregate impact and chloride ion content which are consistent with the relevant provisions of BS
882.
3.2.20.2 C2.4.6 The aggregates shall be subject to testing for the following parameters:
 Grading
 Magnesium Sulphate Soundness
 Determination of specific gravity and water absorption
 Clay, silt and dust
 Acid-Soluble Sulphate
 Acid-Soluble Chloride (reinforced concrete only)
 10% fines value for coarse aggregate
 Flakiness, index of elongation, index of coarse aggregate
 Drying shrinkage
 Shells
The frequency of testing shall be in accordance with the relevant standard. The results of this
testing shall be made available to the Engineer upon request.
3.2.20.3 C2.4.7 Aggregates shall be stored in concrete-based bins or on stages to prevent intermixing
and the inclusion of dirt and foreign materials.
3.2.20.4 C2.4.8 Aggregates which give rise to concrete with a high coefficient of thermal expansion
shall be avoided. Chert, flint and quartzite shall not be used without written approval.
3.2.20.5 C2.4.9 Fine and coarse aggregate shall comply with the following physical requirements:
 The proportion of void forming hollow shells in fine aggregate and retained on a 2.36 mm
BS sieve shall not exceed 3%.
 The clay, fine silt and dust content shall not exceed the following limits:
Coarse aggregates 1% by weight
Natural sands 3% by weight
 Fillers (for water tight concrete):
Fly ashes max. 2% of cement contents
 Silica max. 2% of cement contents
 The flakiness and elongation indices of coarse aggregates as measured in accordance with
BS 812 shall not exceed 20% and 35% respectively.
 The absorption of fine and coarse aggregates as measured in accordance with BS 812
shall not exceed 3% by weight.
 The aggregate impact value for coarse aggregates as measured in accordance with BS 812
shall not exceed 30%.
 Fine aggregates shall be clean, sharp, coarse naturally occurring sand and shall be within
zones 2, 3 or 4 only of Table 2 of BS 882.
 Coarse aggregates shall be single sized aggregates obtained by mechanical crushing and
screening.
 Fine and coarse aggregates when tested in accordance with ASTM-C88, using Na2S04
solution, shall show a loss not greater than 10% or 12% respectively by weight.

3.2.20.6 C2.4.10 Fine and coarse aggregates shall comply with the following chemical requirements:
 Fine and coarse aggregates shall not contain more than 0.10% and 0.05% respectively by
weight of chlorides (as NaCl). If either material exceeds the above limits the material
shall still be acceptable in this respect provided the total sodium chloride concentration in
the mix complies with Clause 2.5.4.
 Fine and coarse aggregates shall not contain more than 0.40% by weight of acid soluble
sulphates (as S03).
 Coarse aggregates shall be a minimum of 85% by weight calcium carbonate.
 fine and coarse aggregates shall not be potentially reactive with alkalis
3.2.20.7 C2.4.11 If this requirement cannot be met the Contractor shall adopt constituents for concrete
such that either:
 The cementitious material shall have a reactive alkali content not exceeding a maximum
value of 0.6% by mass when defined and tested in accordance with the method
prescribed, or
 Total mass of reactive alkali in the concrete mix shall not exceed 3 kg per m3 of concrete
when defined, tested and calculated in accordance with the method prescribed.
3.2.20.8 C2.4.12 The grading of fine aggregate shall be within the limits as given in BS 882.
Contractor attention is drawn to the fact that it may be necessary to combine two or more fine
aggregates, or remove some fractions by hydraulic classification, in order to achieve the grading as
specified.
3.2.20.9 C2.4.13 Grading of coarse aggregates shall be within the limits given in BS 882 and the
Contractor shall, if required by the Engineer, obtain the specified grading by combining single sized
aggregates in proportions to give the specified grading.
3.2.20.10 C2.4.14 The maximum size of aggregates required will not normally exceed 40 mm. At least four
separate size ranges of aggregate are required as follows:
 fine aggregate 8 mm
 coarse aggregate, nominal size: 16 mm
 coarse aggregate, nominal size: 32 mm
 coarse aggregate, nominal size: 40 mm (mass concrete)
3.2.20.11 C2.4.15 During the course of the Contract, fine and coarse aggregates shall be tested at Site as
often as required by the Engineer and at the Contractor's expense.
3.2.20.12 C2.4.16 Samples of cement, water and fine and coarse aggregates called for in the foregoing
Clauses shall be delivered to the Engineer for testing by the Contractor before concreting is due to
start so that the necessary tests on the materials and the preliminary concrete cube tests specified
elsewhere can be completed before work is due to start.
3.2.21 CESWI7 - 2.16 Cement
3.2.21.1 C2.16.4 Cement shall be delivered in bulk or in sealed and marked bags, and shall be
protected from the weather.
3.2.21.2 C2.16.5 Certified acid-soluble alkali content of cement shall not exceed 0.6% Na2 O
equivalent or less.
3.2.21.3 C2.16.6 Before any cement is ordered in quantity or delivered to the Site, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer for approval a detailed list of the sources, country or countries of origin and
manufacturer's brand names of the types of cement proposed to use.
3.2.21.4 C2.16.7 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, free of charge, test certificates relating to
each consignment of cement. Each certificate shall show that a sample of the consignment has been
tested by the manufacturer or by an approved laboratory and that it complies in all respects with the
requirements of the Specification.

3.2.21.5 C2.16.8 When required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall supply samples of cement taken
on delivery to Site, or during storage on the Site, for testing at a nominated laboratory free of charge.
3.2.21.6 C2.16.9 No cement from any consignment shall be used without the approval of the Engineer,
and the Contractor shall maintain a record of the locations of the concrete made from each
consignment, which record shall be available for inspection by the Engineer.
3.2.21.7 C2.16.10 If for any reason the Contractor shall decide to vary the source of supply, country or
manufacture in respect of any type of cement already approved by the Engineer at any time during the
Contract, the Contractor shall give adequate notice of every such variation to the Engineer and shall
carry out all the tests called for to obtain the Engineer’s written approval of such variation before
ordering any material from the new source or supplier.
3.2.21.8 C2.16.11 If cement has been stored on the Site for more than 40 days or in the opinion of the
Engineer is of doubtful quality, new tests may be required at the Contractor's expense to check
whether the cement still conforms to the requirements.
3.2.21.9 C2.16.12 All cement shall be delivered to the Site in properly and permanently marked, sound
and sealed paper bags or other approved containers, unless written approval from the Engineer is
obtained for the handling of cement in bulk.
3.2.21.10 C2.16.13 Cement shall be delivered in quantities sufficient to ensure the proper progress of the
Works and the quantities held in stock on Site shall be to the approval of the Engineer. Such approval
shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of responsibilities for providing cement. Cement from
abroad, shall be packed in sealed plastic bags and placed inside paper bags.
3.2.21.11 C2.16.14 Cement when being conveyed to the Site in lorries or other vehicles, shall be
adequately protected from the weather and from contamination by dust, sand or any organic materials.
Any cement which shall prove to have been exposed to damage by water will be rejected upon
delivery.
3.2.21.12 C2.16.15 All cement shall be stored in a weatherproof, waterproof and reasonably airtight
building provided solely to that purpose. The floors of the building shall be raised at least 300 mm
above the ground level to prevent the absorption of moisture.
3.2.21.13 C2.16.16 Storage of cement in the open may be permitted on small works on the written
authority of the Engineer, in which case the cement shall be placed on a raised platform and amply
protected by waterproof coverings to the approval of the Engineer. It is not permitted to store bags to
a greater height than 2 metres. In the case of delivery of cement in bulk, the cement shall be stored in
a properly designed silo. The silo shall be waterproof and must be provided with walls properly
insulated against sunlight.
3.2.21.14 C2.16.17 Where silos are used for storage of cement each silo or compartment thereof shall be
completely separate and fitted with a filter or an approved alternative method of dust control. Each
filter for dust control system shall be of sufficient size to allow delivery of cement to be maintained to
prevent undue emission of dust and prevent interference with weighing accuracy by build-up of
pressure.
3.2.21.15 C2.16.18 The Engineer shall be furnished with the means of identifying the several
consignments of cement delivered. Each consignment of cement shall be stored separately so as to
provide easy access for inspection and testing.
3.2.21.16 C2.16.19 After they have been approved by the Engineer, consignments shall be used in the
order in which they were delivered. No cement shall be taken from the storage unless it is needed for
immediate use.
3.2.21.17 C2.16.20 Notwithstanding receipt of the test certificate required for approval of the Engineer,
the Engineer may reject any cement should further tests indicate the cement does not comply with the
Specifications.

3.2.21.18 C2.16.21 The Engineer may also reject cement which has deteriorated owing to inadequate
protection or other causes or in any other case where the cement is not to satisfaction. The Contractor
shall remove all rejected cement from the Site without delay and at own expense.
3.2.22 CESWI7 - 2.17 Cement Grouts
3.2.22.1 C2.17.4 Sulphate resisting cement shall not be used as a constituent of grout containing PFA.
3.2.22.2 C2.17.5 Cement grout for grouting in penstocks and base plates shall be class G2 unless
otherwise specified.
3.2.23 CESWI7 - 2.20 Concrete - general
3.2.23.1 C2.20.6 The classes of concrete strength to be used in the works are the following (see also
Section 4):
Class of concrete (nominal test cylinder diameter 15 cm, height 30 cm / cube
15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm strength, each 28 days after mixing), according to BAB87:
 C8/10 8 / 10 MPa (BI-MB10 according to BAB87)
 C30/37 30 / 37 MPa (BII-MB30 according to BAB87)
 C35/45 35 / 45 MPa (BII- MB40 according to BAB87)
3.2.24 CESWI7 - 2.22 Concrete – ready mixed
3.2.24.1 C2.22.1 Replace by: Where concrete is to be obtained from a ready-mix supplier, the
supplying plant shall be approved by a Third Party Certification body accredited by the Serbian
Accreditation Service or other National Body for product conformity.
3.2.24.2 C2.22.4 Test cubes and quality cubes shall be tested by a laboratory which has third party
accreditation for compressive strength testing of concrete (see also Section 4).
3.2.25 CESWI7 - 2.33 Dowel bars
3.2.25.1 C2.33.2 Dowel bars shall be straight, free from burrs or other irregularities and shall have their
sliding ends sawn. The sliding half of each dowel bar shall be painted with a thin coat of bond
breaking compound, and the end of this shall be provided with a close fitting plastic or waterproof
cardboard cap at least 100 mm long, the end 20 mm of which shall be fitted with a disc of joint filler
or a pad of cotton waste.
3.2.26 CESWI7 - 2.42 Fixings for metalwork
3.2.26.1 C2.42.4 Stainless steel shall be used for anchors and fixings unless authorised by the Engineer,
and bolt details and spacings shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.27 CESWI7 - 2.47 Foam swabs
3.2.27.1 C2.47.2 Hard swabs shall be the same diameter as the pipeline bore. Soft swabs shall be
nominal bore + 50mm for pipes less than 200 mm diameter and nominal bore + 75mm for pipes
greater than 200mm diameter. The length of the swab shall be 1.5 times the pipe diameter.
3.2.27.2 C2.47.3 The cleaning of the pipes is detailed in Section 7.

3.2.28 CESWI7 - 2.55 Granular sub-base material
3.2.28.1 C2.55.9 Road base materials shall be crushed and mixed using approved mechanical
equipment to produce a material complying with the specified grading.
3.2.28.2 C2.55.10 Water required to adjust the moisture content shall be added at the mixer. If required,
the moisture content shall be adjusted to allow for evaporation loss during transportation.

3.2.28.3 C2.55.11 Material when mixed shall be removed at once from the mixer and transported
directly to the point where it is to be laid.
3.2.28.4 C2.55.12 Road base material shall be spread evenly in a layer not exceeding 150 mm
compacted thickness for the roadway and a layer not exceeding 200 mm compacted thickness in the
verges. Segregation shall be avoided during transport and placing and any segregation evident after
compaction shall be made good by removing and replacing with properly graded material.
3.2.28.5 C2.55.13 Where natural gravel is used, water necessary to adjust the moisture content shall be
added during laying by use of equipment equipped with a sprinkler bar giving an even spread of water
over the whole width of the pass. Uneven wetting of the road base shall be avoided by ensuring that
the equipment moves at a constant speed, and in addition, the material shall be turned over to ensure
even distribution of the water throughout the layer.
3.2.28.6 C2.55.14 Compaction shall be carried out by approved equipment operating on the material
until a dry density of not less than 95% of the laboratory maximum dry density as measured by the 4.5
kg rammer method is obtained. The CBR value shall not be less than 25% after four days immersion
in water.
3.2.29 CESWI7 - 2.56 Grass seed
3.2.29.1 C2.56.2 According to clause 2.56.1 the following grass mixtures shall be used: Mixture 2 will
be used along road embankments. All other sites - beside as indicated in 2.56.3 -, will use Mixture 3.
3.2.29.2 2.56.3 Where reinstatement of agricultural land is required, grass seed similar to that of the
damaged land shall be used.
3.2.30 CESWI7 - 2.67 Joint sealing compounds and sealants
3.2.30.1 C2.67.7 Sealants and primers which will be in contact with water to be used for potable supply
shall not impart to water any taste, colour, or any effect known to be harmful to health, and shall be
resistant to bacteria growth.
3.2.30.2 C2.67.8 Sealants shall be two-part elastomeric. Sealants shall have resistance to both aerobic
and anaerobic bacteriological attack. When cured the sealant shall exhibit resilience to a Shore
Hardness-A of at least 25°.
3.2.30.3 C2.67.9 Road joint sealants shall be hot poured rubber bitumen and shall be used strictly in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.31 CESWI7 – 2.74 Manhole covers and frames
3.2.31.1 C2.74.4 Manhole covers and frames shall have a minimum clear opening of 600 mm. All
manhole covers shall be water tight.
3.2.31.2 C2.74.5 Covers and frames to air valve chambers shall be ventilated type.
3.2.32 CESWI7 - 2.75 Manhole steps
3.2.32.1 C2.75.2 Manhole step irons shall be installed as indicated in the Contract Drawings. Step
irons shall be plastic-coated with a high visibility material.
3.2.32.2 C2.75.3 Step irons shall be cast into concrete as it is constructed wherever possible. In the
event that they cannot be built into structures they shall be installed by drilling and resin anchoring
into the concrete. The method and materials to be used shall be approved by the Engineer prior to
construction.
3.2.32.3 C2.75.4 Size and spacings similar as ladders.

3.2.33 CESWI7 - 2.76 Marker tape and marker posts
3.2.33.1 C2.76.1 to be replaced: Marker tape or Warning mesh: see Section 5.25.7.
3.2.33.2 C2.76.5 to be added: text Section 5.25.4.
3.2.34 CESWI7 – 2.90 Pipe surround materials
3.2.34.1 C2.90.3 Material for bedding and surround to pipes shall be selected excavated material
containing fines and naturally round material not generally exceeding 12 mm diameter and without
clay material. The Compaction Fraction value shall not exceed 0.15 (see also Section 3.6).
3.2.35 CESWI 2.52 Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings
GRP pipe and fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 5480. Resins shall comply
with BS 3532 or ASTM D1763.
Glass reinforced plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings shall also comply with the relevant provisions
of EN 14364 for sewage and drainage applications or EN 1796 for water supply.
For sewage and drainage applications, the minimum stiffness of GRP pipes shall be calculated to
limit the long term deflection to 5% and other structural requirements.
Connection of GRP pipes shall be with purpose made GRP couplings with EPDM gaskets and
which have similar overall stiffness as the pipe.
Description Requirements Test Procedure
Pipe Material Fibre reinforced plastic BS 5480

Resins BS 3532 or ASTM D1763
Pipe jointing GRP couplings with EPDM

gaskets and which have similar
overall stiffness as the pipe
Dimensions DN/ID as indicated on drawings EN ISO 3126
Pipe length As required by Contractor for Minimum number of joints

practical transportation and
installation
Minimum backfill Standard Proctor EN 13286

compaction - Laboratory
Minimum backfill 90% Standard Proctor Density ASTM D1556 – sand replace
compaction – Field tests
ASTM D2937 – Impact soil
sampler
AASHTO T191
ASTM D2167 - balloon
NF P94-061-2 sand replace NF
P94-061-3 balloon
BS 1377:9 Impact soil sampler
CNR No. 22
Minimum Ring stiffness SN-10 (10MPa) EN ISO 9969

– Pipe, Joints and fittings
for depth up to 6m ISO 13967
Maximum long term 5% EN 1228

deflection
No cracks or crazing <=9% AWWA C950

damage under deflection
Maximum ring bending 0.2% AWWA C950

strain
ASTM D5365
Joint watertightness Leak free EN1053
Minimum Jetting 180 bars CEN/TR 14920

pressure
DIN 19523
3.2.36 CESWI7 - 2.94 Plastic chambers and rings
3.2.36.1 C2.94.2 Inspection chambers shall have a clear minimum opening of 450mm and as described
on the drawings. Covers shall be a minimum Class B125.
3.2.36.2 C2.94.3 Minimum depth of inspection chambers for house connections shall be 1500mm and
accept pipes of diameter 160mm.
3.2.37 CESWI7 - 2.97 Polyethylene pipes and fittings
3.2.37.1 C2.97.1 Polyethylene piping systems for water supply shall comply with BS EN 12201 1 and
BS EN 12201-2 and be coloured blue. Co-extruded polyethylene pipes may be used for water supply
but shall have a blue outer layer on top of blue or black inner layers.
3.2.37.2 C2.97.2 Polyethylene piping systems for above-ground pressure systems for general purposes,
for drainage and for sewerage shall comply with BS EN 12201-1 and BS EN 12201-2 and be coloured
black. Co-extruded polyethylene pipes may be used for these purposes but shall have a black outer
layer.
3.2.37.3 C2.97.3 Polyethylene fittings for use with cold potable water shall comply with the relevant
provisions of BS EN 12201-3.
3.2.37.4 C2.97.4 Electrofusion fittings shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN 12201-3.
3.2.37.5 C2.97.5 All electrofusion fittings shall be of integral wire construction. All fittings shall be of
an automatic type and fitted with recognition resistors, identifiable by an automatic electrofusion
control box, complete with an electronic data acquisition facility for joint data analysis and quality
assurance.
3.2.37.6 C2.97.6 Structured wall pipe shall be manufactured in accordance with EN 13476 and
certification tests shall be provided with the offer as required on EN 13476 Table 4 — Relationship
between system performance and tested characteristics.
3.2.37.7 C2.97.7 Additional Requirements are specified hereafter:
Description Requirements Test Procedure
Application Area Away from buildings - U EN 476

Pipe Type Type B, pipes with EN 13476-3
smooth internal and profiled
external surfaces
Pipe Material Polyethylene – PE EN ISO 3451-1

Minimum 75% PE content
Resistance to high Pass EN 13476-1

Temperature
EN 1437
Impact strength + 23°C TIR ≤ 10 % EN 744
Impact No cracks through the wall; EN 12061

jumped off sealing elements shall
be able to be restored in correct
position manually
Pipe colour Black
Pipe jointing - Integrated Electrofusion-socket and EN 13476-1

electrofusion matching spigot-end. Barcode with
welding parameters on the
Electrofusion-socket.
Plastic pipe welding or extrusion welded or fused joints EN 13067

fusion
Minimum tensile 1020N EN 13476-3 Table 14 & 15

strength of joint seam
Fused/ welded joint No break in the EN 13476-3 Table 17

integrity
joint EN 1979
Dimensions DN/ID as indicated on drawings EN ISO 3126
Pipe length As required by Contractor for Minimum number of joints

practical transportation and
installation
Minimum thickness - EN 13476-3 Table 5 EN 13476-3

Pipe
Minimum thickness - EN 13476-3 Table 7 EN 13476-3

Spigot
Maximum long term 5% EN 13476-1 Figure B.1

deflection
Minimum backfill Standard Proctor EN 13286

compaction - Laboratory
Minimum backfill 90% Standard Proctor Density ASTM D1556 – sand replace
compaction – Field tests
ASTM D2937 – Impact soil
sampler

AASHTO T191
ASTM D2167 - balloon
NF P94-061-2 sand replace NF
P94-061-3 balloon
BS 1377:9 Impact soil sampler
CNR No. 22
Ring flexibility 20 EN 13476-3 Art. 9.1.2 EN 1446

(RF20)
Minimum Ring stiffness SN-8 EN ISO 9969

– Pipe, Joints and fittings
ISO 13967
for depth up to 6m
Joint watertightness Leak free EN1053
Minimum Jetting 180 bars CEN/TR 14920

pressure
Markings As per EN13476 EN 13476, Art. 10
Resistance to heating - The pipe shall show no ISO 12091

Oven test delamination, cracks or bubbles
3.2.37.8 C2.97.7 PE pipes and fittings shall be stored in a covered area such that they are not exposed
to direct sunlight for any appreciable period of time as required by the pipe manufacturer and in any
case not more than 2 months. The height and method of pipe stacking shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations and such that excessive deformation of the lower pipes is avoided.
3.2.37.9 C2.97.8 Pipes shall be tested in accordance with EN1610 - Construction and testing of drains
and sewers.
3.2.38 CESWI7 - 2.101 Precast concrete manholes and soakaways
3.2.38.1 C2.101.4 Constituent materials of precast concrete products shall comply with the relevant
requirements of this Specification, unless detailed elsewhere in the Contract.
3.2.38.2 C2.101.5 Except where otherwise specified in a relevant standard or described in the Contract,
the surface finish of precast products shall be Rough Finish for surfaces next to earth and elsewhere
Fair Finish.
3.2.38.3 C2.101.6 Precast concrete units shall be so handled, stacked, stored and transported that they
are not subject to undue stress or are damaged in any way. No unit shall be built into the work until it
has matured for 28 days. Units will be rejected if they have any of the following defects:-
 Broken edges
 Cracks (other than hair cracks)
 Repairs
 Honeycombing or air holes
 Nominal cover to all reinforcement shall be agreed by the Engineer and will vary
according to service conditions. The minimum shall be 25 mm.
3.2.38.4 C2.101.7 Precast concrete units shall be manufactured either on the Site or in a concrete factory
approved by the Engineer.

3.2.38.5 C2.101.8 All precast concrete units shall have the date of casting and identification number
engraved on them before the concrete is fully hardened. Any undated units will be liable to be rejected
by the Engineer. The Contractor shall take all measures concerning the curing and protection of the
units after fabrication.
3.2.38.6 2.101.9 Transportation of the units to the Site, or moving on the Site, shall be permitted only
on one of the following conditions:
 no less than 28 days after fabrication, or
 after the required compressive strength specified for Concrete Mixes has been reached
3.2.38.7 C2.101.10 Where the installation of precast concrete units in any particular structure is such that
the faces of the units are to be left exposed either internally or externally, the exposed surfaces of the
units as finished shall be uniform in colour and in texture.
3.2.38.8 C2.101.11 Concrete for precast units shall be placed and compacted by methods approved by the
Engineer.
3.2.38.9 C2.101.12 The concrete used in the manufacture of precast concrete units shall comply in every
respect with details in Sections 2.13 and Section 4 of this document.
3.2.38.10 C2.101.13 Cast-in parts, such as lifting lugs, fasteners, jointing materials supporting structures,
etc. shall be fixed in the positions as shown on the working drawings. Cast-in parts shall be free from
rust, dirt or grease and shall be properly stored before using.
3.2.38.11 C2.101.14 At all stages and until completion of the Works, pre-cast units shall be adequately
protected to preserve all permanently exposed surfaces and arises. The protection shall not mark or
otherwise disfigure the concrete.
3.2.38.12 C2.101.15 Transportation, storage and erection of the pre-cast concrete units shall be done
carefully and in such way as to avoid any damage and to keep the surfaces of the units free from dirt
or other unwanted marks. Loading and unloading, storage and erection of the pre-cast concrete units
at the Site shall be carried out by skilled labour and under supervision of a competent Engineer.
3.2.38.13 C2.101.16 Any precast concrete unit which is found to be cracked, damaged or otherwise
inferior in quality either before or after erection shall be rejected and shall be replaced by the
Contractor.
3.2.38.14 C2.101.17 All pre-cast concrete units shall be laid, bedded, jointed and fixed in accordance with
lines, levels and other details shown on the approved working drawings.
3.2.38.15 C2.101.18 Mortar where necessary shall be used for jointing or packing as specified in Clause
2.6 “Aggregates for mortar”. The mortar shall be placed and packed in stages where possible from
both sides of the space being filled using a hardwood stick hammered until the mortar is thoroughly
compacted.
3.2.38.16 C2.101.19 Pre-cast concrete units may be manufactured in a factory approved by the Engineer
and which is off the Site. If the units are to be made in a concrete factory, then the Contractor shall
give the Engineer full information, in advance concerning the name and address of the factory, details
of the probable date of commencement of manufacture. The Contractor shall make the necessary
arrangements for the Engineer to inspect the factory during working hours.
3.2.39 CESWI7 – 2.117 Sands
3.2.39.1 C2.117.5 Sands for bedding brick and block paving shall be sharp sands or crushed rock fines,
not more than 10% being retained on a 5mm sieve and evenly graded containing not more than 3% by
mass of clay, silt and fine dust.
3.2.40 CESWI7 - 2.120 Steel reinforcement

3.2.40.1 C2.120.3 to be replaced: Steel reinforcement shall be obtained from suppliers holding a valid
Certificate of Approval for the manufacture and/or fabrication of steel reinforcement issued by an
approved Certifying Authority.
3.2.40.2 C2.120.4 Steel reinforcement shall be free from loose scale, rust, oil, grease or other material at
the time of fixing and placing of concrete.
3.2.40.3 C2.120.5 Lapping bars and wire fabrics is permitted when necessary and approved by the
Engineer. No welding of reinforcement shall be carried out unless authorised by the Engineer. If
approved by the Engineer, welding and testing for reinforcement shall comply with the requirements
specified in DIN 4099 T1.
3.2.40.4 C2.120.6 Unless otherwise specified, lap length of bars shall be at least forty (40) times the
diameter of the larger bar, and laps shall be positioned in a staggered pattern. Laps on adjacent
sections of wire fabrics shall generally be carried out as follows:
 End to End by lapping the two pieces one full mesh (measured from the ends of the
longitudinal wires in the other piece) and securing the two pieces together with wire ties
placed at intervals of about 450 mm.
 Side by Side by placing the two selvage wires (the longitudinal wires at the edges of the
fabric) one alongside and lapping the other, and by securing the two pieces together with
wire ties placed at intervals of about 900 mm.
3.2.41 CESWI7 – 2.134 Water
3.2.41.1 C2.134.2 The Contractor shall make all arrangements for the supply of potable water for use in
the Works, and obtain agreement from the relevant Utility. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer
with a copy of correspondence confirming that the appropriate arrangements have been made before
any water is extracted from the mains supply.
3.2.41.2 C2.134.3 Where mains water is not available, the Contractor shall arrange for an adequate
supply of suitable water. Water for use with cement and manufacture of concrete, including curing,
shall be tested and be shown to be suitable.
3.2.41.3 C2.134.4 Chloride, sulphate and acid soluble alkali (as equivalent Na20) contents of water shall
be determined when necessary and taken into account when computing the total content of these
substances in a concrete mix.
3.2.42 CESWI7 - 2.136 Waterstops
3.2.42.1 C2.136.4 Rubber waterstops, where specified, shall be extruded natural rubber with solid outer
bulbs. Factory made intersections shall be used for all connections, mitres and changes of section.
Site jointing shall be by hot vulcanisation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.42.2 C2.136.5 PVC waterstops shall comply with National regulations and according to BS 6093 for
contact with potable water. Factory made intersections shall be used for all connections, mitres and
changes of section. Site jointing shall be in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
3.2.42.3 C2.136.6 Water stops of the integral type shall have a minimum width of 230 mm.
3.2.42.4 C2.136.7 Water stops without provision for wiring to reinforcement shall have a minimum web
thickness of 10 mm. Water stops with such provisions shall have a minimum web thickness of 4 mm.
3.2.42.5 C2.136.8 Surface type water stops shall have a minimum width of 230 mm and a minimum of
two flanged integral ribs to the approval of the Engineer.
3.2.42.6 C2.136.9 The Contractor shall submit details of the procedure for joining of horizontal and
vertical water stops.
3.2.43 CESWI7 – 3.1 Excavation

3.2.43.1 C3.1.1 Add: Particular care shall be taken to maintain stability when executing in close
proximity to existing structures and services. The work shall be carried out in a careful manner to
ensure that the exposed surfaces are as sound as the nature of the material permits.
3.2.43.2 C3.1.9 The Contractor shall clear the reservation widths for pipelines and the Sites of
structures free of all vegetation, including trees up to 0.50 m girth measured 1.00 m above ground
level, and all superficial obstacles such as road surfaces, kerbs, bricks, rubbish and/or other
objectionable matter.
3.2.43.3 C3.1.10 When ordered by the Engineer in writing, the Contractor shall also clear the Sites of
trees over 0.5 m girth, buildings and/or structures.
3.2.43.4 C3.1.11 The extent of Contractor's clearing and grubbing operations shall be the minimum
practicable necessary in the opinion of the Engineer for the construction of the Works.
3.2.43.5 C3.1.12 Trees and/or other vegetation designated on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer
for preservation shall be kept free from clearing operation and be protected from injury during
execution of the Works.
3.2.43.6 C3.1.13 The Contractor shall notify the Engineer without delay of any permeable strata,
fissures or unusual ground encountered during excavation.
3.2.43.7 C3.1.14 The Contractor shall obtain approval for excavations prior to placing material, fill or
concrete. The Contractor shall maintain open excavations in an acceptable condition, and shall rectify
the effects of deterioration due to weather.
3.2.43.8 C3.1.15 Any topsoil stripping or excavation shall only be undertaken after specific measures
for dealing with pernicious plants have been taken.
3.2.43.9 C3.1.16 The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Engineer a Method Statement for all
excavations except for minor excavations where the Engineer considers such a Method Statement is
not required.
3.2.43.10 C3.1.17 Trenches for pipes shall be excavated to a sufficient depth and width to enable the
pipe and the joint, bedding, haunching and surrounds to be accommodated.
3.2.43.11 C3.1.18 Trenches for pipes shall be excavated with safe and secured sidewalls slopes
according to Health & Safety rules. In cases when trench sheeting is required to secure safe working
space, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer before placing the sheets. These works are included in
the unit prices.
3.2.43.12 C3.1.19 Joint holes shall be dug by hand below the bed of the trench in advance of the pipe
being laid in the trench, or bedding where specified, to ensure that each pipe is supported throughout
the length of its barrel and to enable the joint to be made, and to ensure satisfactory backfilling of the
hole by hand after the joint has been made.
3.2.43.13 C3.1.20 The Contractor shall leave a clear adequate space between the edge of the excavation
and the inner toes of the spoil banks.
3.2.43.14 C3.1.21 Trenches shall not be excavated too far in advance of pipe laying and shall be
sufficiently wide to allow prior and efficient jointing to be carried out in clean and dry conditions.
Due allowance shall be made for bedding and surrounds.
3.2.43.15 C3.1.22 Where pipes are required to be bedded directly on the trench bottom, the final surface
shall be trimmed and levelled mechanically or by hand to provide even bedding of the pipeline and
shall be free from all extraneous matter that may damage the pipe, pipe coating, or sleeving.
3.2.43.16 C3.1.23 Leveling of the trench base to the exact direct level and slope in the profile, shall be
done with an accuracy of +/- 3 cm. Excavated places shall be filled up to the required level with fine
gravel or course sand and properly compacted before the pipe lowering.
3.2.43.17 C3.1.24 The widths of trenches crossing roads, or at other locations as directed, shall be as
narrow as practically possible. The maximum width measured between undisturbed soil in trench
sides shall not exceed the outside diameter of the pipe being laid plus 550 mm for pipes up to and
including 800 mm in diameter and plus 750 mm for pipes over 800 mm in diameter.
3.2.43.18 C3.1.25 From the bottom of the trench to a level 300 mm above the crown of the pipe, or the
uppermost pipe in a dual trench, the trench width shall not be less than the minimum trench width
specified on the standard detail drawings for a single pipe and for a dual trench the minimum width
shall be (d1 + d2) + 600 where d1 + d2 are the nominal diameters and minimum clearance between
barrels is 300 mm.
3.2.43.19 C3.1.26 Pipe trenches shall be kept free of surface or ground water.
3.2.43.20 C3.1.27 When excavating trenches in carriageways or surfaced footpaths the Contractor shall
first cut through the surface asphalt etc, to a straight accurate edge, by a method to be approved by the
Engineer, excavate the hard material and deposit it clear of general trench excavated material, for
re-use in reinstatement or disposal as directed by the Engineer.
3.2.43.21 C3.1.28 The Contractor shall not, without the express permission of the Engineer, at any time
excavate along excessive or unreasonable lengths of highway as appropriate to the site location. As a
section of pipeline is laid along such section, backfilling and reinstatement shall be completed and all
excavated materials surplus to the requirements of the Contract removed from the site and all
constructional materials moved forward as the work proceeds, with the intent that the use of all the
highway affected is restored to the public with the minimum of delay. The Contractor must take all
precautions that are necessary to prevent the breaking away of the trench edges.
3.2.43.22 C3.1.29 When excavating trenches other than carriageways the Contractor shall first remove
all turf and topsoil for re-bedding or, if the turf is non-existent, all topsoil to the working width, and
deposit clear of general trench excavated material for use in reinstatement.
3.2.43.23 C3.1.30 All excavated material for reuse shall be deposited so that it is not stockpiled on
topsoil and will do as little damage and cause as little inconvenience as possible.
3.2.43.24 C3.1.31 All excavated material which will not be reused, shall be transported to a storage area
designed by the Engineer, but not farther than 5km from the excavation site. The storage shall be
roughly levelled after deposit of the materials.
3.2.43.25 C3.1.32 The Contractor shall excavate trial holes by hand or machine as reasonably required
for the work and shall refill and reinstate such trial holes following inspection by the Engineer.
3.2.43.26 C3.1.33 Excavated material shall not be stored in public streets, roads or highways unless
otherwise permitted by the Engineer. Such permissions may be granted only in case of excavated
materials to be used as back-fill in the adjacent trench, provided that ample space is available for the
storage and after obtaining permission of the Highway Authority, Police and Municipality. After
placing of the back-fill, all excess material shall be removed immediately from the site.
3.2.44 CESWI7 – 3.3 Topsoil for re-use
3.2.44.1 C3.3.5 All topsoil shall be stripped with a layer of 30cm thickness from those areas affected
by temporary and permanent works including compound areas and stored for re-use.
3.2.44.2 C3.3.6 The Contractor shall store topsoil for re-use local to the area of stripping so as to
ensure it can be returned as near as possible to its point of origin. All other material or overburden is
to be stacked separately.
3.2.44.3 C3.3.7 Topsoil for re-use shall not be stacked more than 1.5m high.
3.2.44.4 C3.3.8 Topsoil not applicable for re-use shall be transported to a storage site designated by
the Engineer, but not farther than 5 km from the excavation site.

3.2.45 CESWI7 – 3.4 Dealing with water
3.2.45.1 C3.4.5 The Contractor shall not, without the consent of the Engineer, rely upon pumping
from drainage sumps as the sole means of fulfilling his obligations in dealing with water.
3.2.45.2 C3.4.6 The Contractor shall control the manner and quality of water dealt with by pumping
from drainage sumps such that there shall be, in the opinion of the Engineer, no adverse effects to the
Works or to any adjacent property.
3.2.45.3 C3.4.7 The Contractor shall take every precaution to ensure that his operations do not
adversely affect the surrounding groundwater aquifer, or the stability of the surrounding ground or
any adjacent structure.
3.2.45.4 C3.4.8 During the construction of the Works the Contractor shall ensure the levels of the
groundwater are lowered sufficiently below the proposed formation to provide a firm foundation.
3.2.45.5 C3.4.9 The Contractor shall take all necessary measures to prevent groundwater rising during
the construction of the pipelines and structures until sufficient mass of structure or backfill to
pipelines has been completed to overcome any buoyancy effect.
3.2.45.6 C3.4.10 Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall furnish, install, maintain and operate
all necessary pumping and other equipment for dewatering the various parts of the Works and for
maintaining foundations and pipe trenches free from water as required for construction of each part of
the Works.
3.2.45.7 C3.4.11 Where excavation for foundation of structures extends below the groundwater table,
the portion below the water table shall be dewatered in advance of excavation unless specified
otherwise.
3.2.45.8 C3.4.12 Dewatering shall be accomplished in a manner that will prevent loss of fines from the
foundation base, and maintain stability of excavated slopes and the bottom of the foundation.
Dewatering shall result in all construction operations being performed free from standing water unless
otherwise specified, and will result in all foundations being sufficiently dry for proper bonding of
backfill materials with the foundation and proper compaction of the materials placed.
3.2.45.9 C3.4.13 No water shall be discharged into any watercourse or storm or sanitary sewer without
the Contractor having first obtained all necessary consents and written permission from the Engineer.
3.2.46 CESWI7 – 3.6 Backfilling
3.2.46.1 C3.6.6 If the Contractor's working space undermines any structure, he shall backfill under the
structure with lean mix concrete.
3.2.46.2 C3.6.7 No backfilling shall be placed around water retaining structures until the structure has
been satisfactorily tested or before the Engineer's consent is obtained.
3.2.46.3 C3.6.8 If the Contractor obtains the Engineer's consent to place backfill around the walls of
the structure before it is satisfactorily tested for watertightness then the Contractor shall excavate and
replace any of the backfill which is necessary in order to search for any leakage and subsequent
remedial work.
3.2.46.4 C3.6.9 In forming embankments the Contractor shall make due allowance for subsidence.
3.2.46.5 C3.6.10 Compaction of embankments shall only take place when adjacent structures are able
to resist the additional loads imposed.
3.2.46.6 C3.6.11 In the event of subsidence taking place the method of working adopted to bring the
embankments to the required levels shall be to the approval of the Engineer.

3.2.46.7 C3.6.12 Backfill under structures shall be compacted well graded, granular fill with the
following limits applying:
 Grading: 100% passing the 125 mm sieve, <15% passing the 63µ sieve
 Uniformity Coefficient: Lower limit = 10
 Moisture Content: Upper limit: optimum + 1%, Lower limit: optimum - 2%
 Soluble sulphates: < 2.5g/litre
3.2.46.8 C3.6.13 Small manually-manoeuvred compaction equipment is required to ensure that the
granular materials are well compacted up to the edges of the excavation.
3.2.46.9 C3.6.14 The Contractor shall not leave timbering or other excavation-support materials in
excavations after backfilling.
3.2.46.10 C3.6.15 Backfill for the pipeline trenches shall be compacted dependant on the nature of the
materials to be used. All material shall be compacted at appropriate moisture content; if the material
is a cohesive material then the moisture content shall be between 0.8 and 1.2 times the plastic limit. If
the material is a granular material then the moisture content shall be between +1% and –2% of the
optimum moisture content as defined by BS 1377-Pt 4, Vibrating Hammer, Method 3.7. The material
and its state shall be approved by the Engineer prior to use.
3.2.46.11 C3.6.16 The Contractor shall maintain records of testing of the material used for backfill
which shall specifically identify the location where the material originated, the time and date of
testing, the results of the testing, the date of use as backfill, the prevailing weather conditions at the
time of use as backfill and the location where the material was used as backfill.
3.2.46.12 C3.6.17 Backfill used in areas that are not subject to traffic loading or verges shall not be fully
compacted. In these areas backfill shall be placed with adequate compaction to prevent formation of
surface depressions but allowance shall be made for settlement. Compaction in these areas shall be
agreed with the Engineer prior to backfilling.
3.2.46.13 C3.6.18 All backfill in pipeline trenches shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 150mm
thickness.
3.2.47 CESWI7 – 3.7 Reinstatement of maintainable highways
3.2.47.1 C3.7.5 The road base compaction procedure and equipment shall be proved by trials at the
commencement of the work to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Compaction trials shall be carried out
at varying moisture contents. The weights, types and number of passes of compaction equipment shall
also be varied to determine the optimum compaction effort.
3.2.47.2 C3.7.6 The finished surface of dense bitumen macadam shall not be more than 10 mm under
a 3m long straight edge.
3.2.47.3 C3.7.7 Traffic will not be allowed on the surfacing until it has been laid and cured to the
satisfaction of the Engineer. Prior to the Engineer's approval no traffic other than that required to lay
the succeeding layers will be allowed on layers laid earlier.
3.2.47.4 C3.7.8 Surface reinstatement associated with pipeline excavations shall extend at least
300mm either side of the edge of the maximum trench width, as shown on the standard detail
drawings. Where existing surfacing is damaged or cracked as a result of the works the Contractor
shall extend the area of surfacing back to an undamaged area of the existing surface or the kerbline,
whichever is reached first.
3.2.47.5 C3.7.9 Surface reinstatement for highways is specified fully under section 8 of this
specification.
3.2.48 CESWI7 – 3.8 Reinstatement of non-maintainable highways

3.2.48.1 C3.8.1 to be replaced: The Contractor shall reinstate unmade roads and footpaths in the same
material as encountered during excavation, except where directed otherwise by the Engineer, and shall
replace the excavated materials in the proper order in well consolidated layers.
3.2.49 CESWI7 – 3.9 Reinstatement of unpaved land
3.2.49.1 C3.9.6 A general fertilizer shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
3.2.49.2 C3.9.7 The Contractor shall at his own expense re-seed all areas in which seed is not, in the
opinion of the Engineer, thriving reasonably well.
3.2.49.3 C3.9.8 Permanent reinstatement of boundary crossings shall be commenced directly when
the final land reinstatement works are complete unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3.2.49.4 C3.9.9 Unless otherwise detailed, all banks and ditches shall be formed and graded to the
original profile. Banks shall be formed using well consolidated subsoil material as a core, with a
minimum 100 mm depth of topsoil cover.
3.2.49.5 C3.9.10 Where the Works cross a line of fences the Contractor shall carefully remove, store
for the duration of the Works, and re-erect the fences on their original line or as directed. Any fencing
damaged during this operation shall be replaced. Where the Works cross the line of hedges or walls
these shall be removed, and any plants or materials suitable for re-use shall be stored for re-use.
Hedges and walls shall be reinstated as closely as possible to the original condition.
3.2.49.6 C3.9.11 Where a length of masonry wall is removed, the walling material shall be carefully set
aside and stored for re-use.
3.2.49.7 C3.9.12 The Contractor may, in order to allow for settlement, slightly overfill backfilled
trenches but the overfilling shall not be as great as to cause danger or hindrance. Should the reinstated
surface sink below the level of the adjacent ground the Contractor shall make good the sinkage with
productive soil.
3.2.50 CESWI7 – 3.10 Trees
3.2.50.1 C3.10.5 No trees shall be felled or removed from the working area without the Engineer’s
written consent.
3.2.50.2 C3.10.6 All timber will remain the property of the landowner and will be cut and disposed of
in accordance with his reasonable requirements.
3.2.50.3 C3.10.7 Where pipes or cable ducts are laid in close proximity to tree roots and branches the
disturbance is to be kept to a minimum. Tree roots and branches are not to be cut unless absolutely
necessary and backfill around roots is to be a 150 mm surround of topsoil. Roots and branches are
only to be cut by hand after approval by the Engineer.
3.2.51 CESWI7 – 3.12 Land drains
3.2.51.1 C3.12.6 Replacement pipes shall be the same type as those removed unless otherwise agreed
with the Engineer. Land drains shall be ductile iron where they cross backfilled trenches.
3.2.51.2 C3.12.7 The Contractor shall not undertake the reinstatement of any land drain until the
agreement of the Engineer has been given in respect of the size of the material of the pipe to be used
in the repair. The length of pipe should be sufficient to span the trench plus 0.5m support on either
side.
3.2.51.3 C3.12.8 The Contractor shall give the Engineer 48 hours advance notice of the completion of
land drain repairs to enable the Engineer to give the landowner or occupier the opportunity to inspect
these repairs.

3.2.51.4 C3.12.9 No repaired land drains shall be backfilled until the Engineer has inspected them and
the repairs have been approved by the Engineer.
3.2.52 CESWI7 - 3.14 Blasting
3.2.52.1 C3.14.3 to be added: Further the Contractor shall comply with National Serbian Codes and
Regulations in the vicinity of static and mobile radio transmitters, including normal radio and
television broadcasting stations and radar units associated with aircraft movements, whenever they
shall be at the equivalent compliance or higher than BS 6657.
3.2.52.2 C3.14.5 Minimal 28 working days before any blasting will be used; a Method Statement
should be submitted to the Engineer.
3.2.52.3 C3.14.6 The written consent of the Engineer shall be obtained for each proposal of the
Contractor to use explosives.
3.2.53 CESWI7 - 3.15 Piling
3.2.53.1 C3.15.2 Installation and durability of piling shall comply with the relevant National practices.
3.2.53.2 C3.15.3 Piling operations shall be strictly confined to the specified or permitted working hours
and periods. Ground vibrations and noise levels shall not exceed the specified limits and the
Contractor shall be responsible for taking measurements at the specified frequencies to confirm
compliance.
3.2.53.3 C3.15.4 At least two weeks prior to commencing any stage of the Works involving sheet
piling operations, the Contractor shall submit his proposals in writing to the Engineer. The proposals
shall include details of the type of equipment to be used, the method of installation and extraction, the
sequence of operations and the working periods.
3.2.54 CESWI7 3.16 Demolition
3.2.54.1 C3.16.2 Structures shall be demolished to 1m below ground level. Tanks, sumps and
basements shall have holes broken through to allow equalisation of water levels. Structures extending
below 1m depth shall be filled with compacted hardcore. Above 1m depth fill shall be selected
material from demolition or imported fill with particle size not exceeding 150 mm.
3.2.55 CESWI7 - 3.17 Crossing of watercourses
3.2.55.1 C3.17.1 Where the excavation crosses streams, ditches, culverts and other watercourses the
Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed for all the additional measures necessary for the proper
construction of the Works at these crossings including reinstatement, replanting and maintaining the
full flow of water.
3.2.55.2 C3.17.2 Pipelines crossing watercourses shall be constructed as shown on the standard detail
drawings.
3.2.55.3 C3.17.3 Reinstatement of the river banks shall be with stone pitching and concrete slabs as
detailed on the drawing. Stone pitching shall be basalt or granite stones each of minimum weight of
10kg embedded in a 1:3 mortar bed with the flat surface of the stone on the top. The surface of the
finished surface shall be finished at the same slope as the existing river bank.
3.2.55.4 C3.17.4 The vegetation at each river crossing shall be reinstated by replanting of indigenous
trees to restore the area close to its original state.
3.2.56 CESWI7 - 3.18 Landscaping
3.2.56.1 C3.18.1 The Contractor shall ensure that landscaping is carried out at an appropriate season
and in suitable weather conditions as approved by the Engineer. Planting operations shall be

suspended in periods of drought, when the soil is frost bound or waterlogged, or in periods of
persistent drying cold winds.
3.2.56.2 C3.18.2 The grass seeding and turfing areas shall be cultivated to a minimum depth of 100
mm by a mechanical rotovator or similar approved method. Stones over 500 mm in any linear
dimension and all weeds shall be removed. The area is to be lightly firmed and raked to provide a
fine tilth 25 mm in depth. All finished levels shall be even running levels and conform to contours or
spot levels shown on the drawings.
3.2.56.3 C3.18.3 Three to five days before seeding or turfing an approved pre-emergent weed killer is
to be applied to the area according to the manufacturer’s instructions and an approved general pre-
germination fertiliser is to be applied to the area at the recommended rate and worked into the surface
tilth.
3.2.56.4 C3.18.4 Grass seeding shall take place only during suitable weather conditions as approved by
the Engineer.
3.2.56.5 C3.18.5 The approved seed mixture shall be applied at the recommended rate and application.
After sowing the ground is to be raked or chain harrowed and lightly consolidated by rolling with an
approved flat roller.
3.2.56.6 C3.18.6 If the seed fails to germinate the Contractor shall re-seed in whole or in part until a
good even sward is obtained.
3.2.56.7 C3.18.7 Hedge lines planting: a suitable strip shall be prepared by removal of the surface
vegetation. The strip shall then be cultivated to a depth of 200 mm and pernicious weeds and roots
removed. The Contractor shall deposit imported topsoil to prevent sudden changes of level. Prior to
planting of the hedging material, appropriate fertilisers shall be incorporated into the planting site in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
3.2.56.8 C3.18.8 Hedge planting shall be undertaken in suitable weather conditions in dormant season.
The hedging shall be formed of an approved local species. They shall be planted 500 mm apart or
such other distance as required in either two or three rows 600m apart for the full length of the hedge
line. Individual planting holes for each plant shall be prepared of a size to allow the roots to be spread
before filling and firming in position and watering. Hedging plants delivered in unsuitable weather
conditions shall be heeled in (if conditions allow) and protected from frost or heavy rain using straw
bales and/or tarpaulin covers (which shall be removed as often and for as long as possible to minimise
the risk of light deprivation) or watered in times of drought. Any plants showing signs of undue
deterioration shall be rejected.
3.2.56.9 C3.18.9 Where individual trees or shrubs are to be planted a circular area 1.2m in diameter
shall be prepared and this area cultivated to a depth of 100 mm. All pernicious weeds and roots shall
be removed and a suitable planting hole excavated centrally in the cultivated area. Where shrubs or
copse areas are to be provided the full area of planting shall be prepared in a similar fashion and
planting holes provided for each individual shrub or tree.
3.2.56.10 C3.18.10 Tree and shrub planting shall be undertaken in suitable weather conditions in the
dormant season if the plants are bare rooted. Alternatively ball rooted or containerised plants may be
planted at other times of the year provided that adequate water is undertaken by the Contractor.
3.2.56.11 C3.18.11 Tree and shrub planting holes shall be excavated of sufficient size to allow the roots
of bare rooted plants to be spread or the root ball of containerised or ball rooted plants to be
adequately accommodated. The depth of each planting hole shall be such that the tree or shrub is
planted to the same depth as it grew in the nursery bed or the container. The planting hole shall be
backfilled with topsoil incorporating an appropriate fertiliser applied in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations. The plant is to be shaken as the backfilling is undertaken, to ensure
the roots come into contact with the soil and minimise any voids, and firmed in layers to the existing
ground level.

3.2.56.12 C3.18.12 If, when the trees or shrubs are delivered to site, unsuitable weather prevents
immediate planting, they shall be heeled in, and protected by straw bales and covers from frost or the
effects of excessive rain.
3.2.56.13 C3.18.13 The planting area shall be prepared using suitable compost. The soil in the planting
area shall be watered to ensure it is thoroughly moistened.
3.2.56.14 C3.18.14 A stake shall be provided for each tree. It shall be pointed, 75-100 mm in diameter
and of tanalised and approved timber. Each shall be 1.2m long and be driven into the planting hole to
the windward side of the tree, prior to planting, so that 800 mm remains above the final ground level.
Individual trees away from copsed areas shall be provided with 3 stakes to form a triangular tie
support.
3.2.56.15 C3.18.15 Each tree, where supported by a single stake, shall have a rubber tree tie with a rubber
spacing block. It shall be positioned 25 mm from the top of the stake and nailed, using a galvanised
nail, to the stake. Where a tree is supported by a 3 stake system, horizontal stays shall be provided of
wire hawser or a rot-proof nylon rope. The tree shall be protected by an approved rubber sleeve and
the stays stapled to the stakes 25 mm from their top.
3.2.56.16 C3.18.16 Shrubs shall be planted similarly, however no stays are required.
3.2.56.17 C3.18.17 Any grassed areas which fail to grow satisfactorily will be re-sown or re-turfed as
directed by the Engineer after suitable ground preparation. Further maintenance shall be executed on:
a) Tree stakes, ties and stays shall be replaced as necessary to ensure adequate support.
b) The bare soil areas around trees, shrubs and hedges shall be kept weed and grass free.
c) The Contractor shall water all grassed areas, hedges, trees and shrubs as necessary.
d) Hedging plants shall be pruned at appropriate times to encourage bushy growth. Similarly
shrubs shall be pruned, to promote good form, in accordance with good horticultural practice.
3.2.57 CESWI7 – 3.19 Maintenance of reinstatement
3.2.57.1 C3.19.1 Until the expiration of the Defects Notification Period the Contractor shall regularly
and frequently inspect all reinstatements carried out by him in connection with this Contract to ensure
the safety of the public at all times.
3.2.57.2 C3.19.2 Where deterioration or settlement of a surface occurs, whether this be noted by the
Contractor during a routine inspection or be reported to him in some other manner, the Contractor
shall immediately make good the defect in a manner approved by and to the entire satisfaction of the
Engineer and, if applicable, the relevant Highway Authority.
3.2.57.3 C3.19.3 Where the Contractor, or a Specialist Sub-Contractor employed by him, has carried
out the final reinstatement of trenches in roads and footpaths the trenches will be subject to a joint
inspection by the Engineer, the Roads Authority Supervisor and the Contractor six months after
completion of the works and the Contractor will be required to carry out, at his own expense, such
works as may be ordered to remedy any deterioration other than fair wear and tear that may have
occurred since completion.
3.2.57.4 C3.19.4 Notwithstanding the requirement for an interim inspection the Contractor shall
maintain a regular and frequent inspection of the reinstatements during the whole of the Defects
Notification Period and make good any defects that may occur.
3.2.58 CESWI7 – 4.1 Supply of information
3.2.58.1 C4.1.2 The Contractor shall design and form all concrete to meet the requirements of this
Specification and the associated conditions. These requirements are directed to the achievement of
durability as well as strength.
3.2.58.2 C4.1.3 The concrete shall be designed to resist chemical attack by the water and soil into
which it will come into contact. Evidence of this design, using internationally recognised codes, shall
be submitted to the Engineer.

3.2.58.3 C4.1.4 Where concrete is to be obtained from a ready-mix supplier, the Contractor shall
obtain the Engineer's approval of the source and shall satisfy the Engineer that the supplying plant is
capable of producing concrete to the required standard.
3.2.58.4 C4.1.5 The Contractor shall also inform the Engineer what alternative suppliers are available
to him if the approval of the source referred in 4.1.4 above has to be withdrawn by the Engineer
during the course of the Contract.
3.2.58.5 C4.1.6 The delivery slip required for each load of ready-mix concrete shall detail:
 the grade or mix description of the concrete
 the specified workability
 the minimum cement content
 the maximum free water/cement ratio
 the quantity of concrete in cubic metres
 the time of loading
 the type and nominal maximum size of aggregate
 the type or name and proportion of any admixture,
 the actual cementitious content and the percentage of any pfa or ggbs included
 the position of the concrete in the Works.
3.2.58.6 C4.1.7 All delivery slips shall be kept at the Site and shall be made available for inspection
by the Engineer.
3.2.58.7 C4.1.8 The full requirements for the materials and workmanship specified herein, including
all sampling, testing and returns, shall apply equally to concrete mixed on site as to ready-mix
concrete.
3.2.58.8 C4.1.9 The classes of concrete strength to be used in the works are the following:
Class of concrete (nominal test cylinder diameter 15 cm, height 30 cm / cube
15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm strength, each 28 days after mixing), according to SRPS EN 206-1:
2011:
 C45/55 45/55 MPa (BII-MB55 according to BAB87)
3.2.58.9 C4.1.10 The different classes of concrete shall be used as follows:

 C8/10 for plain concrete only for fill in trenches, for blinding and for screed
 C12/15 for plain and reinforced concrete for screed and encasements
 C20/25 for reinforced concrete in civil structures for thrust blocks, etc. not in
contact with water
 C30/37 for watertight reinforced concrete in contact with water, wastewater, etc.,
and where especially directed by the Engineer.
 C35/45 for precast concrete structures
 C45/55 for prestressed precast concrete structures
3.2.58.10 C4.1.11 Concrete mixes designed by the Contractor shall take adequate precautions against
the risk of cracking from thermal contraction and shrinkage and alkali-aggregate reactivity.
3.2.58.11 C4.1.12 At least four weeks before any concrete works are proposed, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer, and obtain his approval before concreting commences, the following
information:
a) The nature and source of each constituent material.
b) The source of supply of concrete and any alternative sources that may be used.
c) Details of all concrete mixes such as:-
 concrete grade
 the proposed proportions or quantity of each constituent per cubic metre of fully
compacted concrete
 air content of air-entrainment if applicable
 chloride, reactive alkali and sulphate contents
d) target workability
e) Details of the proposed general method of construction, striking times of formwork, the methods of
placing concrete, and the size and sequence of concrete pours.
f) The proposed methods of curing concrete.
3.2.58.12 C4.1.13 The Engineer shall be informed of any changes to the source of constituent materials
or their proportions.
3.2.58.13 C4.1.14 The water content of all concrete shall be rigidly controlled and kept to the minimum
required to obtain a workable concrete suitable for the nature of the work to be executed.
3.2.59 CESWI7 – 4.2 Initial testing
3.2.59.1 C4.2.2 to be added: ...and in accordance with EN 206-1: 2011 and Volume 3 – B, Appendix VII:
Testing of Concrete work according to the Serbian Rule Books, Regulations and Standards for
concrete and concrete works (JUS, Official Gazette SFRY, etc.)
3.2.59.2 C4.2.3 Unless existing data on materials and properties of concrete mixes are available,
preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out to determine that the mixes satisfy the specification
with the available materials.
3.2.60 CESWI7 – 4.3 Identity testing
3.2.60.1 C4.3.3 Where field trial mixes are required, three separate batches of concrete shall be made
using materials typical of the proposed source of supply and, where practicable, under full scale
production conditions. The Engineer shall indicate how many field trial mixes are required.
3.2.60.2 C4.3.4 The workability, air content and density of each of the trial batches shall be
determined and three cubes made from each batch for test at 28 days. The average 28-day strength of
the three trial mixes shall not be less than the design target mean strength.
3.2.60.3 C4.3.5 The cubes shall be tested by a laboratory which has third party accreditation for
compressive strength testing of concrete.
3.2.60.4 C4.3.6 The rate of concrete sampling shall be as follows. At least one sample of concrete
shall be taken from each grade and type of structural concrete each day.
Type of structure Sample to represent a
volume of (m 3)
Critical structure 10
Intermediate structure 50
Heavy concrete construction 100
3.2.60.5 C4.3.7 From each sample two cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and one for testing
at 7 days for control purposes. The 28 day test result shall be the mean of two 28 days cubes.
3.2.60.6 C4.3.8 The Contractor shall, for each cube taken, keep and make available to the Engineer
detailed records showing:
 Cube reference number
 Location and batch from which the sample has been taken for the preparation of the cube
 Date of preparation
 Weather conditions at time of sampling
 Date of testing

 Age of concrete at time of test
 Compressive Strength in N/mm2
3.2.60.7 C4.3.9 The assessment of concrete compliance shall be carried out in accordance with the
following requirements:
a) Any one strength shall be over the required strength minus the following:
 2.0 N/mm2 (required strength = 7.5 to 15.0 N/mm2)
 3.0 N/mm2 (required strength = 20.0 N/mm2 or more), and
b) b) An average of any 2, 3 or 4 consecutive test results shall be over the required strength plus the
following:
Required Strength No of consecutive tests

N/mm2
2 3 4
7.5 – 15.0 --- 10 20
20.0 or more 10 20 30
3.2.60.8 C4.3.10 If the specified characteristic strength has not been achieved or individual results do
not comply with the above conditions, then any of the following actions may be instructed:
 Changing the mix;
 Improving quality control;
 Cutting and testing cores from placed concrete;
 Load testing relevant structural units;
 Non-destructive testing of placed concrete;
 Cutting-out and replacing defective concrete.
3.2.60.9 C4.3.11 Trial mixes shall comprise as a minimum three separate batches of concrete for each
class of concrete. Each batch shall comprise not less than 0.5 m3 of concrete unless otherwise
approved by the Engineer. Three cubes shall be made from each batch of concrete. Average strength
of the nine cubes made for each class of concrete and tested after 28 days shall exceed the specified
characteristic strength by at least the Current Margin minus 3.5 N/mm2. The value of the Current
Margin shall be that specified in the sub-heading herein entitled "Concrete Mix Design".
3.2.60.10 C4.3.12 Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer the Contractor shall carry out practical
tests on the Site by filling trial moulds with Trial Mix concrete to confirm the suitability of each class
of concrete for the Works. Trial moulds shall be made for reinforced and plain concrete with
dimensions typical of the Works.
3.2.60.11 C4.3.13 The formwork face to the trial mould/s for each class of concrete shall be designed to
display all relevant surface finishes intended for use in the Works and specified in the Clause herein
entitled "Finish of Concrete Surfaces". In making, transporting, placing, compacting and curing the
Trial Mix concrete in the trial moulds the Contractor shall observe all relevant requirements of this
Specification. When curing has been completed trial moulds shall be stripped and the concrete thus
revealed shall be submitted for approval of the Engineer.
3.2.60.12 C4.3.14 When a proposed mix has been approved, no variation shall be made in the mix
proportions, or in type, size, grading zone or source of any of the constituents without consent of the
Engineer who may require further trial mixes.
3.2.60.13 C4.3.15 Where the Contractor intends to purchase plant-made precast concrete units, trial
mixes may be dispensed with, provided that evidence is given to satisfy the Engineer that the plant
regularly produces concrete which complies with the Specification. The evidence shall include details
of mix proportions, water/cement ratio, workability and strengths obtained at 28 days.

3.2.60.14 C4.3.16 Compaction factor (EN 12350-5, ISO 4111), slump (EN 12350-2, ISO 4109), Vebe
(EN 12350-3, ISO 4110) or other workability tests shall be carried out as required during concreting
of permanent works to control workability at the batching plant and at the site of the pour. The degree
of workability shall be as for the trial mixes.
3.2.60.15 C4.3.17 Slump tests shall be carried out at such times and places as the Engineer may direct
and shall be used as a guide to the consistency of each class of mix. The degree of slump will be
decided by the Engineer following Trial Mix Tests and the figure given shall be adhered to thereafter.
3.2.60.16 C4.3.18 Following the approval by the Engineer of slump values for each class of concrete
mix the tolerance which shall subsequently apply to test results shall be ±1/3 of the approved slump.
3.2.60.17 C4.3.19 Ready mixed concrete shall be tested by the supplier as part of his quality control.
Copies of such test results shall be made available to the Engineer on request. Where concrete is
mixed on site, or where records are not available from the supplier, additional testing will be required
on site as directed by the Engineer.
3.2.61 CESWI7 – 4.4 Porous no-fines concrete
3.2.61.1 C4.4.2 Porous no-fines concrete shall contain ordinary Portland cement and 20mm single
sizes aggregate in a proportion of 1:10 by mass.
3.2.61.2 C4.4.3 The concrete shall be mixed to a uniform colour and consistency with the addition of
water sufficient only to coat all of the aggregate without forming excess grout.
3.2.62 CESWI7 - 4.5 Transporting, placing and compacting
3.2.62.1 C4.5.2 to be added: The Contractor shall give the Engineer minimal 24 hours written notification
of his intention to commence concreting.
3.2.62.2 C4.5.6 Water shall not be added to concrete in a truck mixer drum other than at the batching
plant. The mix shall be continuously agitated during transportation. The transportation and placing
times shall be reviewed and rigidly enforced in relation to the circumstances of distance and risk of
traffic delays during transport.
3.2.62.3 C4.5.7 Equipment used for compaction shall be operated continuously during the placing of
each batch of concrete until the expulsion of air has virtually ceased, and in a manner which does not
promote segregation of the ingredients.
3.2.62.4 C4.5.8 Concrete shall be transported by means which prevent contamination (by dust, rain
etc), segregation or loss of ingredients, and shall be transported and placed without delay.
3.2.62.5 C4.5.9 Concrete shall be poured directly in its final position without displacement of the
reinforcement, embedded items and formwork.
3.2.62.6 C4.5.10 The size and sequence of pours in either precast units or in situ concrete, and the
sequence of erection and in situ connection of precast units, shall be arranged in such a manner as to
minimise internal and external restraint and associated thermal and shrinkage cracking. Detailed
methods shall be set out by the Contractor in his method statements.
3.2.62.7 C4.5.11 Pouring of each section of work shall be continuous in-between construction joints.
The Contractor shall make provision for standby equipment. If the pouring of concrete is delayed by
more than 30 minutes due to breakdown then the Contractor shall erect vertical stop ends and form a
construction joint or remove the concrete already placed and restart after repair of the breakdown, as
directed.
3.2.62.8 C4.5.12 Pouring shall not take place in the open air during storms, heavy rains or snow. If
such conditions are likely to occur the Contractor shall provide protection for the materials, plant and
formwork so that work may proceed. If strong winds are prevalent, protection from driving rain and
dust shall be provided.

3.2.62.9 C4.5.13 The Contractor shall agree a casting sequence with the Engineer at least 7 days before
pouring the concrete.
3.2.63 CESWI7 - 4.7 Concrete temperature
3.2.63.1 C4.7.3 The Contractor's methods shall comply with the "Hot Weather Concreting" from the
British Cement Association recommendations in the document as modified and supplemented below.
3.2.63.2 C4.7.4 The Contractor shall take great care during hot weather to prevent the cracking or
crazing of concrete. The Contractor shall arrange for concrete to be placed in the early morning or late
evening as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall have particular regard to the requirements
specified herein for curing.
3.2.63.3 C4.7.5 Formwork shall be shaded from direct exposure to the sun both prior to placing of the
concrete and during its setting. The Contractor shall take appropriate measures to ensure that
reinforcement in and projecting from the section to be concreted is maintained at the lowest
temperature practicable.
3.2.63.4 C4.7.6 Where the temperature of the fresh concrete is likely to exceed 32ºC, concreting shall
not be permitted unless measures are taken to keep the temperature below that level. These measures
may include, but not be restricted to the following:
a) cooling the mixing water
b) shading the materials
c) spraying the aggregates with water
3.2.64 CESWI7 - 4.8 Curing
3.2.64.1 C4.8.4 Concrete shall be cured for a period not less than 7 days when the ambient
temperature is 20°C or higher by methods that shall ensure that cracking, distortion and efflorescence
are minimised.
3.2.64.2 C4.8.5 The Contractor shall prepare and submit detailed method proposals for curing of
concrete and maintaining the curing regime. The method proposals shall be to the approval of the
Engineer and the approved methods will be rigorously enforced.
3.2.64.3 C4.8.6 During the curing period measures shall be taken to prevent the loss of moisture and
to minimise thermal stresses caused by the difference in temperature between the surface of the
concrete and the core of the concrete mass and promote sustained hydration of the concrete. Attention
is drawn to the necessity for thorough and continuous curing, particularly in the case of concrete
containing PFA or Ggbs.
3.2.64.4 C4.8.7 For water based curing membranes: spray applications shall be applied within one
hour of striking formwork and shall be of a type approved by the Engineer. Application shall be at the
rate recommended by the manufacturer. In hot sunny weather, light reflecting membranes shall be
used if the Engineer considers it necessary. Sprayed-on water based curing membranes shall not be
used on surfaces to which concrete is subsequently to be bonded or subsequently painted.
3.2.64.5 C4.8.8 The Contractor shall take precautions against plastic shrinkage cracking of newly
formed concrete surfaces. These precautions may include, but not be limited to the following:
 shading newly cast surfaces
 prompt application of polythene sheeting to reduce evaporation
 erecting wind breaks.
3.2.64.6 C4.8.9 Concrete shall be protected from damage by climatic conditions (direct sunlight, rain,
snow or frost), running water or mechanical damage during curing. All methods to be used for curing
and protection of freshly placed concrete shall be subject to the prior approval of the Engineer.
3.2.64.7 C4.8.10 All exposed surfaces shall, as finishing proceeds, be covered with a wet hessian sheet
followed by a reflective polythene sheet. These shall be securely fastened around the edges and
supported in order not to damage the finished concrete surface. As soon as practicable the hessian and
polythene shall be lowered into close contact with the concrete and securely weighted or fastened
down to prevent wind blowing underneath.
3.2.64.8 C4.8.11 The hessian sheet shall be maintained in a moist condition at all times and shall be
inspected at intervals not exceeding 6 hours. Concrete shall be kept moist on exposed surfaces for a
period of not less than 10 days or as approved by the Engineer.
3.2.64.9 C4.8.12 Alternative methods of protecting and curing concrete may be approved by the
Engineer. In any case liquid curing membranes shall not be used on exposed surfaces or where
laitance is to be removed and aggregate exposed to provide satisfactory bond for placing further
concrete or mortar screeds. Liquid curing membranes shall not be used where mortar, resin mortar, or
joint sealant is to be applied.
3.2.64.10 C4.8.13 Sufficient methods to afford full protection to a concrete pour shall be available at the
place of work prior to the commencement of concreting.
3.2.64.11 C4.8.14 During very hot weather conditions, the Contractor may be required to cool formwork
containing concrete by spraying with water and this shall be carried out where directed
notwithstanding and whatever other measures the Contractor may have employed for the curing of the
concrete. All materials, spray equipment and an ample supply of water for curing shall be ready on
site before any concreting starts.
3.2.65 CESWI7 - 4.10 Construction of formwork
3.2.65.1 C4.10.7 Metal ties or anchors within the formwork shall be so constructed or sleeved so as to
permit either their complete removal or their removal to a depth of at least the minimum specified
cover from the surface without damage to the concrete. All fittings for removable metal ties shall be
of such design that, upon removal, the cavities left are of the smallest possible size. The cavities due
to either partial or complete removal of ties shall be roughened and filled with a material approved by
the Engineer.
3.2.65.2 C4.10.8 Formwork panels shall have true edges for accurate alignment and shall be fixed with
either vertical or horizontal joints. Where chamfers are required the fillets shall be cut to provide an
even line. Joints shall not permit leakage of grout, nor steps and ridges in exposed surfaces. Due
allowance shall be made for deflection of formwork during concrete placement.
3.2.65.3 C4.10.9 Wrought formwork shall be steel panels, GRP (glass reinforced plastic), plywood or
other suitable materials to produce a fine finish. Individual panels shall be arranged in a uniform
pattern.
3.2.65.4 C4.10.10 Rough formwork shall consist of sawn boards, sheet metal or any other suitable
material which will prevent the undue loss of grout when the concrete is vibrated and produce a
concrete surface suitable for the application of any specified protective coating.
3.2.65.5 C4.10.11 The Contractor shall take every precaution in the selection and use of forms and in
removing the forms and curing the concrete to prevent rapid temperature variations in the concrete.
3.2.65.6 C4.10.12 The Contractor shall submit drawings and calculations showing details of the
formwork and shuttering he intends to use for the approval of the Engineer.
3.2.65.7 C4.10.13 The drawings shall show the materials proposed and indicate details of construction
such as size of members, spacing and position of walings, struts, bolts and wedges. Shuttering shall
not be constructed until the drawings and calculations, (if applicable) have been approved by the
Engineer. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the adequacy and
performance of the shuttering. Any changes or modifications to the shuttering required by the
Engineer shall be carried out at no extra cost to the Employer.
3.2.65.8 C4.10.14 Shuttering shall be of suitable design and adequate construction to carry the loads
without excessive bulging, distortion or deflection. Shuttering shall be constructed so as to prevent

loss of water or grout from the concrete. Special attention shall be paid to shuttering where poker or
shutter vibrators are used for compacting the concrete.
3.2.66 CESWI7 – 4.11 Cleaning and treatment of forms
3.2.66.1 C4.11.3 Minimal 4 hours notice shall be given to the Engineer for the inspection and approval
of the formwork and reinforcement.
3.2.67 CESWI7 – 4.12 Striking of formwork
3.2.67.1 C4.12.6 The Contractor shall give adequate notice to the Engineer of his intention to strike
formwork.
3.2.67.2 C4.12.7 After removal remedial work shall not be undertaken until the concrete has been
inspected and approved.
3.2.67.3 C4.12.8 Before striking formwork or applying loads to concrete the Contractor shall ensure
that the concrete is able to withstand stresses induced.
3.2.67.4 C4.12.9 The formwork striking times may be assessed by one of the alternative methods
below, if approved by the Engineer:
 maturity measurements
 penetration tests
 pull-out tests
 break-off tests
3.2.68 CESWI7 – 4.17 Laps and joints
3.2.68.1 C4.17.1 to be replaced: Laps and joints in reinforcement shall be made only at the positions
described and detailed in the drawings. The Contractor shall be responsible for the design and location
of movement joints which shall be of the contraction or expansion type as appropriate. All movement
joints shall be provided with a water stop and sealant.
3.2.68.2 C4.17.2 Expansion joints shall be provided with joint filler whereas discontinuity at
contraction joints shall be provided by painting one face of the concrete with two coats of bituminous
paint. At contraction joints, the sealant shall be set in a caulking groove formed in the concrete.
3.2.69 CESWI7 – 4.20 Construction joints
3.2.69.1 C4.20.8 Concreting shall not be interrupted except where joints occur, and shall continue after
normal hours if necessary to achieve this.
3.2.69.2 C4.20.9 Upon removal of the formwork the joint face shall be inspected, and if the soundness
of the concrete is not approved by the Engineer, the Contractor shall investigate and remedy defects.
3.2.69.3 C4.20.10 Where a design joint includes a continuous waterstop, concrete shall be well worked
around the embedded part of the waterstop and be free from honeycombing. Projecting portions of the
waterstop shall be protected from damage during operations and, in the case of rubber and plastic,
from light and heat.
3.2.69.4 C4.20.11 To avoid leakage at construction joints in water retaining structures, adjacent panels
shall be concreted within 3 days. If this is not achieved the procedure for bonding new concrete to old
shall be adopted.
3.2.69.5 C4.20.12 Where it is necessary to bond new concrete to old, the bonding agent to be used shall
be an epoxy based bonding agent used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The
existing concrete surface shall first be wire brushed or hacked and cleaned to remove all dirt, dust,
loose material and laitance and to expose the aggregate. If oil or grease has affected any area this shall
be removed by chipping away down to unaffected material.

3.2.69.6 C4.20.13 Rebates formed to receive sealant and the surfaces of construction joints shall be
protected from curing compound by wet hessian to ensure proper curing of the joint surface and
adjacent concrete. The protection shall remain in place until the joint surface is sealed.
3.2.70 CESWI7 – 4.22 Surface finishes produced with formwork
3.2.70.1 C4.22.7 The following standards of concrete finish shall be achieved:
Location Type of Surface Finish
External vertical surfaces below ground Rough Finish
External horizontal surfaces below ground Rough Finish
Internal vertical surfaces Fair Finish
Slab soffits Fair Finish
All other vertical, horizontal and sloping surfaces Fair Finish
3.2.71 CESWI7 – 4.28 Concrete repairs
3.2.71.1 C4.28.2 Any remedial treatment to concrete surfaces shall be agreed with the Engineer
following inspection immediately after the stripping of formwork and shall be carried out without
delay.
3.2.71.2 C4.28.3 Any concrete the surface of which is found to have been treated before inspection by
the Engineer shall be rejected.
3.2.71.3 C4.28.4 Any minor surface blemishes shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer
immediately after completion of curing. Remedial measures may include, but shall not be limited to,
the following:
a) Holes left for formwork supports shall be thoroughly cleaned out to remove all loose material and
the sides shall be roughened, if necessary, to ensure a satisfactory bond. After being thoroughly
cleaned and dampened, the tie holes should be grouted solid with a non-metallic, non-shrinking
grout. The grout material and the entire tie hole filling process should be acceptable to the Engineer
prior to the start of the work.
b) Fins, pinhole bubbles, surface discoloration and minor defects may be rubbed down with sacking
and cement immediately the formwork is removed.
c) Abrupt and gradual irregularities may be rubbed down with carborundum and water after the
concrete has been fully cured.
d) Small defects and minor honeycombing shall be chipped out perpendicular to the face of the
concrete to a depth of at least 25 mm and filled with dry-pack mortar as specified hereafter.
3.2.71.4 C4.28.5 All other defects will be regarded as too extensive to permit satisfactory repair and the
concrete containing the defect shall be broken out and replaced.
3.2.71.5 C4.28.6 Dry-pack mortar for filling holes and repairing surface blemishes shall be made from
one part by weight of cement and three parts fine aggregate passing a 1 mm sieve and an expanding
agent approved by the Engineer.
3.2.71.6 C4.28.7 Additives to improve workability may be added to the approval of the Engineer. The
colour of the mortar shall match that of the surrounding concrete. The mortar shall be mixed with only
sufficient water to make the materials stick together when being moulded in the hands.
3.2.71.7 C4.28.8 The dry-pack material shall be placed and packed in layers having a thickness not
greater than 15 mm. The compaction shall be carried out by use of hardwood stick and hammer and
shall extend over the full area of the layer, particular care being taken to compact the dry-pack against
the sides of the hole.

3.2.71.8 C4.28.9 After compaction the surface of each layer shall be scratched before further loose
material is added. Holes shall not be over filled and the surface shall be finished by laying a
hardwood block against the dry-pack fill and striking the block several times. Steel finishing tools
shall not be used and water shall not be added to facilitate finishing.
3.2.72 CESWI7 – 5.1 Pipelaying generally
3.2.72.1 C5.1.1 Where socketed pipes are required to be laid on a granular or sand bed, or directly on
a trench bottom, joint holes shall be formed in the bedding material or excavated formation to ensure
that each pipe is uniformly supported throughout the length of its barrel and to enable the joint to be
made.
3.2.72.2 C5.1.2 Pipes shall be laid on setting blocks only where a concrete bed or cradle is used.
3.2.72.3 C5.1.3 Where pipes are required to be bedded directly on the trench bottom, the formation
shall be trimmed and levelled to provide even bedding of the pipeline and shall be free from all
extraneous matter that may damage the pipe, pipe coating or sleeving.
3.2.72.4 C5.1.4 Any protective cap, disk or other appliance on the end of a pipe or fitting shall only be
removed permanently when the pipe or fitting which it protects is about to be jointed. Any exposed
pipe ends shall be capped when pipelaying is not actively being carried out to prevent vermin or soil
entering the pipework.
3.2.72.5 C5.1.5 Pipes and fittings, including any lining or sheathing, shall be examined for damage
and the joint surfaces and components shall be cleaned immediately before laying. Where repairs are
required, these shall be agreed with the Employer.
3.2.72.6 C5.1.6 Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent extraneous material from entering the
pipe, and to anchor each pipe to prevent flotation or other movement before the Works are complete.
3.2.72.7 C5.1.7 Pipeline marker tape, shall be laid between 100 mm and 300 mm above the pipe.
Where a tracer system is specified, it shall be continuous and adequately secured to valves and
fittings.
3.2.72.8 C5.1.8 Where the gradient of the as-laid pipeline exceeds 5%, installation shall be uphill with
sockets leading.
3.2.72.9 C5.1.9 At every point of loading or unloading, pipes or castings must be handled by
approved lifting tackle. Unloading by rolling down planks or any other form of inclined ramp will not
be allowed unless the written consent of the Engineer to the method proposed has been obtained.
3.2.72.10 C5.1.10 Pipes shall only be lifted using approved slings in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
3.2.72.11 C5.1.11 Gravity pipe and drain construction shall proceed as indicated in EN1610-
Construction and testing of drains and sewers.
3.2.73 CESWI7 – 5.2 Pipe bedding
3.2.73.1 C5.2.1 Bedding for pipes shall be constructed by spreading and compacting granular bedding
material over the full width of the pipe trench. After the pipes have been laid, additional material
shall, if required, be placed and compacted equally on each side of the pipes and, where practicable,
this shall be done in sequence with the removal of the trench supports.
3.2.73.2 C5.2.2 Where specified in the Contract, stanks shall be constructed in the pipe trench to
inhibit the flow of groundwater along the granular bedding and pipe surround. Stanks shall be formed
around pipelines on either side of stream crossings.
3.2.73.3 C5.2.3 The stanks shall be constructed of either clay, which shall be puddled, placed, and
compacted around the pipe, or a lean mix concrete which shall be placed and compacted around the
pipe, over a length specified in the Contract. The requirement in both cases is that the stank shall
surround the pipe to the bottom and to the full width of the excavated trench to form a barrier within
the granular bed and surround and protrude into the backfill material above by an amount specified in
the Contract.
3.2.73.4 C5.2.4 In bad ground conditions where the migration of the pipe granular surround into the
ground may occur, the surround shall be wrapped in geotextile membrane.
3.2.73.5 C5.2.5 Where trenches have been excavated and groundwater is likely to flow in any
granular bed and surround to the pipe, and if feasible in the prevailing ground conditions, the
Contractor shall provide suitable impermeable clay stanks at a maximum spacing of 50 m along the
length of the trench. In all other cases when groundwater is encountered the instructions in CESWI 7
– 3.4 Dealing with water must be adhered to.
3.2.74 CESWI7 – 5.3 Concrete protection to pipes
3.2.74.1 C5.3.1 Pipes to be bedded on, or cradled with, concrete shall be supported on precast
concrete setting blocks, the top face of each block being covered with two layers of compressible
packing.
3.2.74.2 C5.3.2 Concrete provided as a protection to pipes shall not be less than Grade B15, placed to
the required depth in one operation.
3.2.74.3 C5.3.3 Where pipes with flexible joints are used, concrete protection shall be interrupted
over its full cross-section at each pipe joint by a shaped compressible filler.
3.2.74.4 C5.3.4 Where pipes are protected by a concrete slab placed above the pipe, this shall span the
pipe trench and extend a minimum of 300 mm both sides, widening the trench above the pipe
surround. There shall be a minimum of 150 mm of surround between the crown of the pipe and
underside of the slab.
3.2.74.5 C5.3.5 Rapid hardening cement shall not be used in concrete for the protection of plastics
pipe.
3.2.74.6 C5.3.6 Where plastic pipes are partially or completely surrounded in concrete, the pipe or
fittings shall be wrapped in heavy gauge polyethylene sheet or tube to allow the pipe to move slightly
under the action of internal pressure and avoid stress concentration on the rigid/flexible interface.
3.2.74.7 C5.3.7 At detachable flexible couplings a clearance of 50 mm shall be left at each side of the
coupling.
3.2.75 CESWI7 – 5.4 Pipe surround
3.2.75.1 C5.4.1 Pipe surround material shall, where required, be placed and compacted over the full
width of the trench in layers not exceeding 150 mm before compaction, to a finished thickness of
between 100 mm to 300 mm above the crown of the pipes.
3.2.75.2 C5.4.2 Subsequent filling shall then be carried out, as specified in Clause 3.6.
3.2.75.3 C5.4.3 Where trenching excavators or similar narrow trenching techniques are employed for
open dig laying of pipelines, the minimum gap between the pipe barrel and side of the trench shall be
30 mm for pipe diameters of 280 mm or less, and 50 mm for pipes greater than 280 mm diameter.
3.2.75.4 C5.4.4 Excavations for pipework installations shall be filled in accordance with the details
shown on the standard detail drawing for trench reinstatements.
3.2.75.5 C5.4.5 Where water is likely to be collecting in the trench after construction, the backfill
shall be designed such that fines are not removed from the natural ground.
3.2.76 CESWI7 – 5.7 Pipe jointing generally

3.2.76.1 C5.7.1 Pipe jointing surfaces and components shall be kept clean and free from extraneous
matter until the joints have been made or assembled. Care shall be taken to ensure that there is no
ingress of grout or other extraneous material into the joint annulus after the joint has been made.
3.2.76.2 C5.7.2 Where pipes with flexible joints are required to be laid to curves, the deflection at any
joint as-laid shall not exceed three quarters of the maximum deflection recommended by the
manufacturer.
3.2.76.3 C5.7.3 Where PE pipes are used for pipes under pressure, a fully welded system or a
computer controlled electrofusion system shall be used. Mechanical lock-joint systems can be
proposed. For sewerage pipe, electrofusion joints from the pipe manufacturer can be used provided
the joints are in accordance with the relevant standards.
3.2.76.4 C5.7.4 Joints shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
3.2.76.5 C5.7.5 The number of joints shall be minimised.
3.2.76.6 C5.7.6 Where, as part of the work, the protective coating or lining to the existing pipe or the
new pipe is damaged, it shall be made good, as appropriate for the protective coating or lining.
3.2.77 CESWI7 – 5.8 Welded joints in polyethylene pipes
3.2.77.1 C5.8.1 Electrofusion and butt-fusion jointing shall be made in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations.
3.2.77.2 C5.8.2 Where PE barrier or co-extruded pipes are used, the jointing system adopted shall be
in accordance with the pipe manufacturer’s guidance and all protective systems shall be made
continuous across the joint.
3.2.77.3 C5.8.3 A pipe section containing a completed weld shall achieve the same strength
characteristics as the parent pipe.
3.2.77.4 C5.8.4 Fusion welded joints in high density polyethylene pipes (HDPE) shall be made only
between pipes having the same physical characteristics. Joints between pipes from different
manufacturers shall only be made with the specific approval of the Engineer.
3.2.77.5 C5.8.5 Heat fusion jointing of polyethylene pipes shall only be carried out by operatives who
have undertaken training in accordance with National requirements. Documentary evidence of
successful completion of the training course shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to
the operative commencing work on heat fusion jointing.
3.2.77.6 C5.8.6 The ovality of straight polyethylene pipes shall not exceed 2% in diameters up to and
including 250 mm, and 3.5% in diameters over 250 mm. The ovality at any section in a coiled pipe
after uncoiling shall not exceed 12%. Coiled pipe shall be re-rounded for electrofusion jointing by
use of suitable clamps and/or approved inserts.
3.2.77.7 C5.8.7 Welded or electrofusion joints in structured wall pipes shall be tested in accordance
with EN 13476.
3.2.77.8 C5.8.8 Pipe welding personnel shall have been trained in plastic pipe welding and received
the appropriate certificates as provide in above table.
3.2.77.9 C5.8.9 Before the start of any jointing operation the Contractor shall provide for approval a
method statement accompanied with the CVs of at least two experienced operators who have
successfully completed the welding/ fusion operation on the type of structured wall pipes proposed by
the Contractor. The method statement shall originate from the pipe manufacturer. Each operator must
have globally at least one year’s experience or evidence of having successfully completed 2
kilometres of the proposed pipe using the proposed Method Statement.

3.2.77.10 C5.8.10 It is the Contractor responsibility to ensure that he has a sufficient number of
approved operators and equipment for the welding or fusion activities to complete the Works in
accordance with the time schedule.
3.2.78 CESWI7 – 5.14 Protection of ferrous pipes, joints and fittings
3.2.78.1 C5.14.1 Add the following:

Corrosion protection for all steel pipes and fittings shall be of High Durability, Class 4 as
described in ISO 12944-5. Each proposed corrosion system shall be from the same manufacturer
to ensure compatibility between the different coats. The proposed systems shall also comply as a
minimum with the requirements of the following schedule:
Location with Class Surface Preparation Primer/ Base Coat Topcoat/ wrap
according to ISO
12944
In contact with soil Blast cleaning to Sa 2½ 2 coats cold bitumen Reinforced bitumen
according to ISO 8501- primer minimum membrane in minimum
(Im3/C4/H)
1 application per coat two layers according to
0.5litre/m2 AWWA 214, minimum
3mm total thickness
Within sleeve pipe Blast cleaning to Sa 2½ 2 coats Zinc-epoxy 2 coats coal tar epoxy
according to ISO 8501- primer, total minimum according to AWWA
(Im3/C4/H)
1 80 microns dry film 203, minimum 200
thickness microns total dry film
thickness
Cased in concrete Wire brush to remove 1st coat of Cement 2nd coat of Cement
rust to St2 according to wash, 1:1 wash, 1:1
None
ISO 8501-1
Inside of pipe Blast cleaning to Sa 2½ 1 coat of Zinc epoxy 2 coats of liquid epoxy
according to ISO 8501- primer, minimum dry according to AWWA
(Im1/C4/H)
1 film thickness of 40 C210, minimum 200
microns microns total dry film
thickness
 Bitumen layer shall be in accordance with British Standard 3416: 1991, Type 1,
Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application, suitable for use in contact
with potable water.
 Reinforced bitumen membrane shall be a self-adhesive, cold applied rubber bitumen tape
with a PVC backing in accordance with AWWA C209 Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for
the Exterior of Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines and
AWWA C214 Tape Coating Systems for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines except as
modified in this specification. When applied in a spiral wrap the overlap shall be a
minimum of 55% to provide as a minimum a double thickness.
 Zinc epoxy primer shall be a 2 pack system. Zinc dust shall be a minimum 85% by weight
and in accordance with ISO 3549. Before application the surfaces must be clean, dry and
free from dirt, grease, salts and other contamination by solvent cleaning according to
SSPC-SP1 (Steel Structures Painting Council). At welds, weld spatter and sharp edges
must be removed to provide a smooth weld seam prior to application of the corrosion
system.
 Coal tar epoxy topcoat shall be two pack system in accordance with AWWA C203 Type
I.
 Cement wash shall be a mixture of Portland cement and water in the proportion of 1:1 by
volume liberally applied after wirebrushing. The cement wash shall only be applied to the
length of pipe which will be cast in concrete such as at chamber walls and shall not
extend more than 100mm beyond the structure.
 Epoxy coating shall be a two pack system in accordance with AWWA C210.
3.2.78.2 C5.14.2 Additional protection to joints and fittings shall be according to System P2.
3.2.78.3 C5.14.3 All steel fittings and welded joints shall be provided with the same corrosion
protection treatment as the main pipe. For welded joints the Contractor shall provide a method
statement which clearly describes how the appropriate preparation will be carried out and how the
coating will be applied. For treatment of the internal weld surface the Contractor is reminded of the
necessity to maintain the appropriate health and safety conditions. The proposed methods may include
air extraction, robotic application, special sleeves etc. Whichever method the Contractor selects, the
treatment of joints shall be deemed to be included in the unit rate for pipe.
3.2.78.4 C5.14.4 change into: Cathodic protection of pipes, joints and fittings shall comprise of impressed
current.
3.2.78.5 C5.14.5 The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and
authorisation for use of cathodic protection of pipes.
3.2.79 CESWI7 – 5.17 Brickwork manholes and chambers
3.2.79.1 C5.17.2 Manholes and chambers constructed in brickwork or in-situ concrete shall comply
with the relevant provisions in the works related Clauses respectively.
3.2.79.2 C5.17.3 Brickwork in manholes shall be constructed using Class M1 mortar using Sulphate
Resisting cement unless specified otherwise in the Contract.
3.2.79.3 C5.17.4 Manholes for valves and meters shall comply with the requirements set by the Serbian
Standards and shall be constructed as per the Contract drawings.
3.2.80 CESWI7 – 5.18 Inverts and benching
3.2.80.1 C5.18.3 Where inverts and benchings are to be formed of in-situ concrete or high strength
concrete topping (granolithic finish), the relevant provisions of Section 4 shall apply.
3.2.80.2 C5.18.4 Where a high strength concrete topping (granolithic finish) is required, the invert and
benching shall be formed in Grade C20 concrete with a screeded Finish or Rough Finish as required,
and the concrete topping shall be applied as soon as practicable thereafter.
3.2.81 CESWI7 – 5.24 Junctions and laterals on sewers
3.2.81.1 C5.18.4 House connections shall be made at inspection chambers located on the property
boundary.
3.2.82 CESWI7 - 5.34 Mainlaying and service records
3.2.82.1 C5.34.1 The Contractor shall keep a daily record of all pipes, services and fittings laid in their
order of laying, together with their length, depth to invert of pipe at the end of each pipe, description
of surface and location.
3.2.82.2 C5.34.2 The Contractor shall keep a record of all the services encountered in the pipe trench.
This record shall contain a description of the type of service, its size, depth and location along the
pipeline. The angle at which the service crossed the trench is also to be recorded. Records shall be
submitted to the Engineer by the Contractor on a weekly basis.
3.2.83 CESWI7 – 5.35 Transport, storage and stringing of pipes
3.2.83.1 C5.35.1 All equipment necessary for the loading, transport to construction sites or storage
sites and unloading shall be supplied by the Contractor.
3.2.83.2 C5.35.2 Pipes shall be handled in such a way that damage is avoided as far as possible. They
shall only be lifted with straps of a material and a form which protects the pipes and their coating
from damage. The Contractor shall check the pipes for any visible defect or damage and notify the
Engineer in case of any found. The Contractor shall be responsible for making good any damage or
defect to the approval of the Engineer.
3.2.83.3 C5.35.3 All pipes shall be protected against weather attack, including sunlight and fouling
during transport storage and stringing. If any pipe gets fouled, it shall be cleaned before installation.
3.2.83.4 C5.35.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits for
transporting the pipes. Wherever possible, the Contractor shall ensure that any weight restrictions on
public roads are not exceeded. The Contractor shall be responsible for making good any damages
caused to these roads.
3.2.83.5 C5.35.5 When pipes are collected from a storage site, the Contractor shall secure the
remaining pipes against slippage. When a storage site is emptied of materials the Contractor shall
clean the site and any access road and reinstate both to their original condition.
3.2.83.6 C5.35.6 The pipes shall be strung consecutively along the working width on timbers or
similar, with at least two per pipe, to avoid damaging or fouling the pipes. The pipes shall be strung in
such a way that the normal use of the surrounding areas is disturbed as little as possible. Pipes shall be
secured against rolling.
3.2.83.7 C5.35.7 Pipes shall be provided with a system of support including caps, cradles, spiders etc
which will ensure that the pipes are not damaged during transportation.
3.2.84 CESWI7 – 5.36 Pipe lowering
3.2.84.1 C5.36.1 Pipe lowering shall be carried out in a safe manner, in accordance with applicable
safety regulations and normal practices.
3.2.84.2 C5.36.2 The Contractor shall, before lowering the pipe, ensure that the bottom of the trench is
even and free from water, stones and other deleterious matter which may damage the pipe or its
coating.
3.2.84.3 C5.36.3 The lowering in procedure shall ensure that the pipe is not subjected to shocks or
unnecessary stresses. The pipe shall be laid in as straight a line as possible, keeping a distance from
the walls of the trench of at least 0.20 m. It shall be supported along its whole length and it shall, as
far as possible be free of any stress.
3.2.84.4 C5.36.4 If a section is damaged during lowering, it shall be taken up again, repaired and re-
lowered. Any damage, which may affect the structural quality of the pipeline, shall be treated as
directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall bear all costs associated herewith.
3.2.84.5 C5.36.5 In areas where the pipe may become buoyant due to groundwater, the Contractor shall
present his method statement on how he plans to join the pipe and lay it at the correct line and level in
the trench without damaging the pipe or the joints. The pipe has to be secured against uplift with
reinforced concrete "riders" or with anchorage to the solid bottom, so that a safety factor of 1.2
against buoyancy is achieved.
3.2.84.6 C5.36.6 If conditions permit, temporary loading can, with the approval of the Engineer, be
obtained by filling the pipe with clean water after lowering. After the pipe has been lowered and
permanent weighting or anchorage has been applied, the pipe can be emptied for water.
3.2.84.7 C5.36.7 Where possible the ends of all lowered pipeline sections shall be closed with watertight
end caps. The Contractor is responsible for keeping the pipeline internally clean and free from foreign
matter.
3.2.84.8 C5.36.8 Plastic pipes, in particular pipes with welded or fused joints shall be backfilled as
soon as possible after testing to avoid inducing longitudinal stresses in the pipe from temperature
differences and to protect against UV degradation. It is recommended that backfilling is carried out
after a minimum of 30m of laid and pipe joints are completed. Sections longer than 50 metres

between manholes have to be backfilled in at least two sections to relieve the stresses which may have
been induced in the pipe section. The Contractor will be required to relay any section pf pipe which
shows evidence of thermal stresses.
3.2.84.9 C5.36.9 Any additional excavation required after the pipe has been lowered shall only be
carried out with the permission and in the presence of the Engineer's Representative.
3.2.85 CESWI7 - 7.2 Precautions prior to testing pipelines
3.2.85.1 C7.2.1 Before testing any pipeline, it shall be anchored adequately and thrusts from bends,
branch outlets or from the pipeline ends shall be transmitted to solid ground or to a suitable temporary
anchorage.
3.2.85.2 C7.2.2 Open ends shall be stopped with plugs, caps or blank flanges, properly jointed.
3.2.85.3 C7.2.3 Testing against closed valves shall not be permitted.
3.2.85.4 C7.2.4 It will not be permissible to transmit the thrust on to a completed length of piping or
on to existing pipelines from which the pipeline is being filled.
3.2.85.5 C7.2.5 Before the pressure testing of the pipeline is carried out, the trench shall be
sufficiently refilled to ensure that the requisite anchorage is provided for each pipe as will prevent
movement during the testing period.
3.2.85.6 C7.2.6 Adequate provision for the release of air from the pipeline must be made at any high
points and blank flanges.
3.2.85.7 C7.2.7 Potable water shall be used for the cleansing, testing and swabbing of water pipelines
unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3.2.85.8 C7.2.8 The trench must be backfilled along the pipe barrels prior to testing, leaving the joints
uncovered so as to prevent the pipeline from moving whilst leaving the joints accessible.
3.2.85.9 C7.2.9 In heavily trafficked roads the backfilling at joints may take place before testing if the
Engineer so allows in writing. At least two days notice must be given in writing to the Engineer
before pressure testing of any section is commenced.
3.2.86 CESWI7 – 7.3 Testing method programme and notification
3.2.86.1 C7.3.3 On completion of main laying and sectional testing and before leaving the site, the
whole pipeline shall be subjected to an overall comprehensive pressure test. The approval of the
Engineer to be sought for the testing arrangement before the tests commence.
3.2.86.2 C7.3.4 The Contractor shall be solely responsible for deployment of his labour, equipment
and materials during the period of notice and test, and no claims for extra payment for unproductive
time in this period shall be made.
3.2.86.3 C7.3.5 Tests shall be against blank flanges or end caps.
3.2.86.4 C7.3.6 The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent any undue wastage of
water, and shall provide, fix, maintain and work all necessary storage tanks, pumps, pipes, cocks,
fittings, hoses and other appliances as necessary.
3.2.87 CESWI7 – 7.4 Testing non-pressure pipelines
3.2.87.1 C7.4.4 The pipelines shall be tested as provided in EN1610 Art. 13.2 Resting with Air
(Method L) or EN1610 – Art. 13.3 Testing with Water (Method W). Manholes shall also be tested as
per Art. 13.3. The Contractor is to provide sufficient end caps/ plugs to allow progress of the testing
as pipe laying progresses.

3.2.87.2 C7.4.5 Thermoplastic and GRP pipes must also be subject to profile laser light-line surveying
which measures any deformation within the pipeline. Pipes with deformation in excess of 5% must be
replaced.
3.2.88 CESWI7 – 7.7 CCTV inspection of pipelines
3.2.88.1 C7.7.2 Within 7 days after handover of the pipeline, but within the DNP, CCTV inspections
shall be performed. Investigation report shall be prepared in accordance with EN 13508-2. When
damages or joint failures are found, the Contractor should repair or replace these areas of damage or
failure with sufficient overlap to the non-damaged parts without extra payment. CCTV inspection of
the repairs shall be carried out to demonstrate successful repairs.
3.2.88.2 C7.7.3 The visual inspection shall demonstrate full compliance with all the requirements of
the technical requirements in particular the ovality of the pipes, the quality of the joint, the cleanliness
of the pipeline and the condition of manholes.
3.2.88.3 C7.7.4 The profile laser light line survey can be completed in conjunction with CCTV
inspection to measure deformation of any flexible pipe.
3.2.89 CESWI7 – 7.15 Water for testing, swabbing and disinfection
3.2.89.1 C7.15.2 Stand pipes used for obtaining water from the public supply system shall be to the
approval of the water supply authority and shall be submitted to them for inspection and approval if
required.
3.2.89.2 C7.15.3 A check valve system shall be incorporated in the system between the public supply
pipeline and the pipeline or structure being filled to prevent back-siphonage.
3.2.89.3 C7.15.4 Water for cleansing, testing and sterilisation shall only be taken at times and in a
manner approved by the Engineer and the water supply authority.
3.2.90 CESWI7 – 7.16 Disposal of water from cleansing, testing or disinfection
3.2.90.1 C7.16.4 Discharge of chlorinated water to a water course, road gullies or surface water drains
shall be done with due care to the environment and with the consent of the relevant utility company
and the environmental protection agency.
3.2.90.2 C7.16.5 Where suitable facilities for disposal of chlorinated water are not available, de-
chlorination must be carried out prior to disposal.
3.2.91 CESWI7 – 8.0 Roadworks
3.2.91.1 C8.0.0 Unless otherwise specified, all roadwork in this section shall be carried out in
accordance with the Serbian Regulations, local Municipality’s requirements, best international
practices, bylaws, or in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
3.2.91.2 C8.0.1 In case of private or public properties are affected by the Contractor's operations, the
Contractor shall be responsible for the rehabilitation to the initial conditions of all disarranged
surfaces, like:
 Private roads, road borders, road shelves, footpaths, clear lands, gardens and everything else so
far as to meeting the demands of local authorities, private owners or persons who control the
respective land.
3.2.91.3 C8.0.2 Road pavement and footpaths surfaces shall be reinstated with the same type as the
existing paving. The existing type of road pavement is indicated on the Drawings.
3.2.92 CESWI7 – 8.1 Road formations
3.2.92.1 C8.1.5 For the purposes of this specification the following terminology shall be applied, in
accordance with standard Serbian practice for the construction of highways and roads. Any

excavations in highways and roads shall be backfilled and have the following sequence of layers
(bottom up):
 Pipe surround
 Backfill
 Road formation: the upper surface of the backfill, consisting of (bottom up):
o Sub base course
o Binder course or base course
o Surface course
 Road Surface: top surface of the surface course.
3.2.92.2 C8.1.6 Where unsuitable material is naturally occurring on the Site at road formation level it
shall be excavated as the Engineer directs and it shall be removed from site. The resulting void shall
be filled with a compacted granular sub-base material, in layers not exceeding 225 mm loose depth.
3.2.93 CESWI7 – 8.2 Sub-base construction
3.2.93.1 C8.2.2 The sub-base course shall be a minimum of 150mm thick up to 300mm thick
dependant on the existing roadway construction. Where the existing roadway has a thinner sub-base
than the minimum thickness given here the minimum thickness shall apply.
3.2.93.2 C8.2.3 Natural aggregates shall be supplied in advance and stored in temporary stockpiles.
3.2.93.3 C8.2.4 Transport, handling and storage of natural aggregates shall be carried out so as to
avoid mixing or contamination of the aggregates.
3.2.93.4 C8.2.5 The aggregates shall be stored on concrete platforms, which have slopes and channels
for drainage purposes. To avoid mixing aggregates of different types or from different suppliers, each
storage unit shall be fitted with adequate partitions. The stockpiles shall be permanently identified by
panels indicating the source and the size of the relevant aggregate.
3.2.93.5 C8.2.6 The material shall comprise stable rocks, non-weathered by air or frost, free from
visible foreign bodies (soil lumps, coal, wood, organic remains) or other unacceptable materials.
3.2.93.6 C8.2.7 The sub base layer shall be compacted to a degree of compaction of 100 % Modified
Proctor (MP) test at a min. of 95 % of measurement points and to min. of 98 % (MP) at all
measurement points.
3.2.93.7 C8.2.8 All materials used in or upon the works are to be in accordance with the appropriate
BS-EN Specification and/or Serbian Highway Regulations.
3.2.94 CESWI7 – 8.6 Laying of hot rolled asphalt
3.2.94.1 C8.6.1 to be added: and the Local Authorities and Serbian Highway Regulations.
3.2.94.2 C8.6.3 The materials used in the works shall be tested and approved before use. The
Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the sources of materials and the Engineer shall approve the
sources prior to delivery of materials to the Site. In case the source of material does not meet the
Specification requirements, the Contractor shall provide material from different sources.
3.2.94.3 C8.6.4 The Contractor shall ensure that the macadam layer is thoroughly cleaned prior to
placing the final surfacing.
3.2.94.4 C8.6.5 The placing of asphalt material shall be performed as a continuous operation, unless
otherwise dictated by the Engineer.
3.2.94.5 C8.6.6 The mixing and placing of the asphalt shall progress at a rate so that contamination of
previous asphalt work by dust/dirt or loss of bonding capability shall not occur.
3.2.94.6 C8.6.7 In case of a breakdown in the plant or other emergency it shall made impossible to
carry out this requirement, or if more than 48 hours has elapsed between asphalt placement
operations, a prime coat or tack coat complying with this Specifications, or as directed by the
Engineer, shall be applied to the surface at no additional cost for the Employer.
3.2.94.7 C8.6.8 The Contractor shall ensure adequate protection of the asphalt sheets in the event of
bad weather.
3.2.94.8 C8.6.9 The surface regularity of the completed surfaces of road carriageways shall comply
with the following table:
Transverse and Longitudinal Straight Edge Measure BS4987-2:2003
 Wearing Course +/- 6mm
 Base course +/- 6mm
 Road base +/- 15mm
 Sub-base +10/-30mm
 Blockwork max 2mm difference in level between adjacent blocks and max
6mm under a 3m straight edge
 Footways and Cycleways max 3mm under a 1m straight edge
3.2.94.9 C8.6.10 The combination of permitted tolerances in the levels of different pavement courses
shall not result in a reduction in thickness of the pavement, excluding the sub-base, by more than 15
mm from the specified and the maximum allowable irregularly.
3.2.94.10 C8.6.11 The control of the road formation surface unevenness shall be carried out using a
3.00m long template.
3.2.94.11 C8.6.12 Should the unevenness be greater than the provisions of this Technical Specification,
the surface shall be adjusted.
3.2.95 CESWI7 – 8.9 Laying concrete carriageways
3.2.95.1 C8.9.4 Joints in the concrete carriageway shall have a maximum spacing of 6m. Every third
joint shall be an expansion joint, the remainder being contraction joints.
3.2.95.2 C8.9.5 Grooves in the surface of the concrete at joints shall have vertical and parallel sides
with arrises rounded to a radius of 6 mm or a chamfer 6 mm wide, and shall be within a tolerance of
±5 mm from a straight line along the length of the joint.
3.2.95.3 C8.9.6 The edges of concrete roads abutting structures are to have a separating joint for the
full depth of the slab, consisting of 25 mm preformed joint filler sealed with 25 mm deep hot poured
sealant.
3.2.96 CESWI7 – 8.15 Fixing of gullies
3.2.96.1 C8.15.3 Gullies shall be bedded and surrounded with Grade C20 or the equivalent grade
concrete based on Serbian standards, giving a 20 N/mm2 strength at 28 days, concrete.
3.2.97 CESWI7 – 8.17 Concrete Footways
3.2.97.1 C8.17.2 The surface of all steps or stairways and external concrete footways shall have a non-
slip finish.
3.2.98 CESWI7 – 8.18 Reinstatement of surfaces other than roads
3.2.98.1 C8.18.1 In case of private or public properties are affected by the Contractor's operations, the
Contractor shall be responsible for the rehabilitation to the initial conditions of all disarranged
surfaces, like:
 road borders, road shelves, paths, clear lands, gardens and everything else so far as to
meeting the demands of local authorities, private owners or persons who control the
respective land.
 The trees, bushes and plants will be carefully replanted and brought to the initial location
after filling the excavations.
3.2.98.2 C8.18.2 The top soil will be carefully deposited and re-laid at the filling surface.
3.2.99 CESWI7 – 8.19 Removal of existing road pavement
3.2.99.1 C8.19.1 The Contractor shall cut and break open the existing pavement, including curb stones,
as required for the pipelaying and road construction; the loading, transport and dispose of the
materials shall be according to the respective local regulations. Disposal certificates shall be
submitted to the Engineer.
3.2.99.2 C8.19.2 Where pipes have to be laid under existing paved areas such as roads or sidewalks,
cutting into the pavement shall be done with appropriate tools, to ensure straight and neat cuts.
Widening at chambers shall be done at right angles.
3.2.99.3 C8.19.3 In order to ensure that paved surfaces are not undermined by local slippages of trench
walls, the pavement shall be cut to a width of 0.60 meters (0.30 meters each side), greater than the net
width of trench.
3.2.99.4 C8.19.4 Remaining surfaces of 30 cm or less at the border to the sidewalk should be removed
with the approval of the Engineer.
3.2.99.5 C8.19.5 All demolition material is transferred to the property of the Contractor. Impurities
caused by the cut or the demolition are to be cleared by Contractor.
3.2.99.6 C8.19.6 The costs for cutting, break open and removal of the road surfaces and other
(foot)path surfaces shall be included in the unit prices. The Contractor shall include in his unit price
the required widening up at chambers if required.
3.2.99.7 C8.19.7 The unit prices for removal of surface materials shall include also the disposal of the
waste.
3.2.100 CESWI7 – 9.0 Sewer Renovation
3.2.100.1 C9.0.1 This section covers the specifications for rehabilitation of existing sewer or collector
which consists of carrying out repair works on the sewer or collector in order to provide at least 20
additional years’ economic life before further serious repairs have to be carried out.
3.2.100.2 C9.0.2 Man-entry pipe is defined as pipe with an internal height greater than 0.9m and will
require application of required health and safety measures concerning activities in confined spaces.
Pipe < 0.9m diameter are considered as non-man entry and all repair or rehabilitation works have to
be completed from outside.
3.2.100.3 C9.0.3 All sewer renovation activities shall be preceded by a method statement which shall
be elaborated after completion of all preparatory surveys.
3.2.100.4 C9.0.4 Completion of sewer renovation activities shall include a CCTV inspection. The pipe
including manholes shall then be subject to the normal pressure or water tightness tests just like for
normal pipes.
3.2.101 CESWI7 – 9.2 Preparatory survey
3.2.101.1 C9.2.2 to be added: Preparatory survey to be performed include walkover survey, over-pumping
to allow examination of entire sewer, cleaning, removal of debris, CCTV inspection, with photos,
inspection report with video recordings in accordance with EN 13508. The walkover survey shall
include an inspection of all manholes and be completed jointly with the Engineer to agree on the
manhole rehabilitation works.
3.2.101.2 C9.2.6 New: For all renovation works requiring excavation or pipe bursting, a utilities survey
shall be completed. The Contractor shall contact all the utility companies to request the location of
their utilities and prepare a drawing of all the relevant utilities which will be supplemented with a
field survey. The field survey shall be completed by one or more of the following techniques:
 Active or passive electromagnetic metallic pipe and cable detection
 Ultrasonic tracing for plastic pipes
 Ground penetrating radar
3.2.101.3 C9.2.7 New: At the end of the preparatory survey, the Contractor shall review the renovation
proposal included in the Contract and where necessary shall propose additional or alternative
renovation works which are more appropriate to the defects noted in the investigations. The Engineer
may also formally instruct the Contractor to propose alternative renovation works.
3.2.102 CESWI7 – 9.3 Preparation of sewers
3.2.102.1 C9.3.8 In preparation for the inspection activities and rehabilitation works, flow in each
sewer segments may have to be diverted either through adjacent sewers or over pumping from an
upstream manhole to a downstream manhole. Prior to start of the flow diversion, the flow should be
monitored to determine the capacity of the pumping equipment. Pumping situation must be monitored
continuously and standby capacity must be available.
3.2.102.2 C9.3.9 Following the diversion of flow the sewer segment shall be cleaned by one or more of
the following methods: foam pig; brushing; rodding; pressure jetting; and manual cleaning.
3.2.102.3 C9.3.10 The cleaning operation will require flushing and vacuum uplift or any other approved
removal and extraction system which will remove and extract silt, small roots, debris and small
obstructions from the sewer using specialized mechanical cutter/auger and cleaning equipment where
necessary.
3.2.102.4 C9.3.11 In cases of hardened deposits, tuberculation, large debris which cannot be removed
with pressure jetting, mechanical cleaning or using specialized cutting and cleaning equipment the
Contractor shall advise the Engineer who will decide on the next step.
3.2.102.5 C9.3.12 Protruding side connections shall be trimmed to be flush with the inside of the pipe.
3.2.102.6 C9.3.13 Joints between all side connections and the main sewer shall be properly sealed or
repaired in the same manner as for general patch repairs in concrete as described hereafter.
3.2.102.7 C9.3.14 By-Pass pumping shall be provided for diversion of flow in preparation for
subsequent inspection or rehabilitation works activities. The pumps and by-pass lines shall be of
adequate capacity and size to handle all flows including from all existing service connections.
Damage resulting from accidents, overflows and flow backup has to be remedied by the Contractor.
3.2.103 CESWI7 – 9.22 CCTV Investigations
3.2.103.1 C9.22.1 CCTV inspections shall be carried out by experienced personnel familiar with the
evaluation of defects encountered in sewers and capable of coding the results using internationally
recognized norms and standards. The personnel shall be proposed with supporting CVs by the
Contractor and approved by the Engineer.
3.2.103.2 C9.22.2 The Contractor’s CCTV equipment shall include colour video cameras, a video
monitor cable, power sources, and all equipment necessary to perform a CCTV inspection as outlined
in this Technical Specifications. The necessary facility to transport, launch and retrieve the
equipment as well for viewing the progress of the camera shall be provided. The motorised carrier and
CCTV equipment can be either self-propelled or winched and suitable for the diameter to be
investigated. The equipment shall include a built-in inclinometer to measure gradient.
3.2.103.3 C9.22.3 All camera systems shall be able to navigate around minor objects, roots, and debris.
The system used to move the camera through the pipe shall not obstruct the camera’s view or interfere
with proper documentation of the sewer conditions. The motorised unit and camera shall be suitable
for flow depth up to 25% of the pipe diameter. Obstructions may be encountered during the course of
the CCTV inspection that prevents the travel of the camera. In instances when obstructions are not

passable, the Contractor shall withdraw the equipment and begin a CCTV inspection from the
opposite end of the sewer reach.
3.2.103.4 C9.22.4 The cameras shall have Pan-and-Tilt capabilities with optical zoom, and shall have a
minimum of pan of 360degrees and tilt of 270 degrees rotation and provide a video picture with
minimum high definition of 720 lines resolution. The focal length shall be adjustable through a range
from 25 mm (1 inch) to infinity and illumination sensitivity shall be three lux or less
3.2.103.5 C9.22.5 At the start of each survey length (manhole to manhole) the following minimum
information will be clearly displayed on the viewing monitor and video recording:
 Camera chainage position in the line from adjusted zero
 Sewer dimensions
 Manhole/pipe length reference
 Date of Survey
 Road name/Location
 Direction of Survey
 Time of start of survey
 Sewer use
3.2.103.6 C9.22.6 Once the survey of the pipeline is under way, the following minimum Information
shall be continually displayed and recorded:
 Automatic update of the camera’s chainage position in the sewer line from adjusted zero
 Sewer diameter
 Manhole or pipe length reference number
 Direction of survey, i.e., downstream or upstream
 Pan indicator
3.2.103.7 C9.22.7 At the start of each survey and after display of the sewer details, a full 360 degree pan
of the start manhole shall be completed. This video footage shall occur at the beginning of each pipe
segment survey inspection from the bottom of the manhole panning up the manhole shaft. The
manhole opening shall be covered to prevent too much light from entering the structure and to ensure
a clear and focused view of the manhole interior. A similar pan of the terminating manhole shall also
be completed.
3.2.103.8 C9.22.8 The speed of the CCTV camera in the sewer shall be limited to 10 metres per minute
and it shall stop at all connections, laterals, cracks, breaks and open joints. At each location a 90o tilt
to the vertical shall be completed with a full 360o rotation to inspect the defect/connection (as
defined in the WRc Manual of Sewer Condition Classification, Fourth Edition, published 2004). For
continuous defects, the camera shall stop and take a picture at the beginning of the defect, thereafter at
5m intervals unless another photograph is required before that because of other defects. General
condition at intervals of 10 metres or for each sewer length shall be reported. Defects’ codes shall
comply with EN 13508-2 Investigation and assessment of drain and sewer systems outside buildings
and UK Water Research Centre Manual of Sewer Condition Classification (MSCC)
3.2.103.9 C9.22.9 The survey report for each pipe segment shall include the following;
 Description of activities completed
 Description of issues encountered and solutions adopted
 Timetable of activities
 Analysis of observations and defects along the sewer and at each manhole
 Video images, still photographs, database of observations
 Scope of proposed rehabilitation works with time schedule, bill of quantities and cost
estimate
3.2.103.10 C9.22.10 Video images shall be in MPEG4 Pt 14 and mp4 file format and pictures shall be in
jpg file format. Other textual and tabular outputs including database shall in open Microsoft Office
format. The electronic copies of shall be provided on CD, DVD, SD cards, USB drives or other
formats as necessary.
3.2.104 CESWI7 – C9.23 Concrete Pipe Patch Repairs
3.2.104.1 C9.23.1 Patch repairs will be carried out where the in-situ concrete is loose, soft and porous,
has delaminated and heavy cracking with large crack width greater than 2mm.
3.2.104.2 C9.23.2 The damaged area shall be carefully prepared and scabbled with all deleterious
material removed until sound concrete or supporting material is reached. Heavy vibration shall be
avoided to prevent breaking bond of reinforcement with concrete.
3.2.104.3 C9.23.3 If supporting material is reached, a blinding concrete shall be applied prior to
application of the structural concrete.
3.2.104.4 C9.23.4 The edge of the patch shall be neatly finished by a 20mm deep saw cut to provide a
clean edge for the repair. The repair area shall be air or sand-blast cleaned to remove all dust and
debris. Water must not be used to wet the joint surfaces.
3.2.104.5 C9.23.5 A preparatory bonding layer of cement or cement-latex grout or an epoxy resin shall
be applied to the sides and bottom of the repair area. Before the bonding layer has time to set, the
patching material shall be placed in the distressed area, in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. For vertical surfaces, the patching material shall be applied in small layers until the patch
is completely filled. The patch material should then be struck off, finished, and edged as required.
3.2.104.6 C9.23.6 Patching material shall as far as possible match the quality of the existing concrete.
For cementitious patching material, shrinkage of the patch shall be minimized by use of low water:
cement ratio. Concrete additives shall be proposed to improve the workability, strength and
permeability.
3.2.104.7 C9.23.7 Curing shall be carefully completed in a controlled moist atmosphere by appropriate
covering such as wet burlap or a moisture barrier and allowed to cure with disturbance.
3.2.105 CESWI7 – C9.24 Concrete Pipe Crack Repairs
3.2.105.1 C9.24.1 Cracks with width greater than 0.2mm shall be repaired as described hereafter. Small
cracks less than 1 mm width and vertical cracks up to 2mm width shall be repaired using pressure
injection of sealant.
3.2.105.2 C9.24.2 Cracks and areas located a minimum of 50mm either side of cracks shall be cleaned
of all loose particles, dirt, dust, grease, oil paints or efflorescence using oil free compressed air,
industrial vacuum cleaners or flushing with high pressure water. Presence of impurities which inhibit
wetting and adhesion or penetration by crack filling material shall be avoided. After thorough
cleaning, the area shall be allowed to dry for 24 hours and plastic injection ports are placed along the
length of crack at an interval equal to the half thickness of the structural member and not greater than
200mm. Where access is available on both sides of the member the spacing can be increased to the
depth of the concrete section.
3.2.105.3 C9.24.3 Surface injection ports shall be used and where cracks are smaller than 1mm, a pilot
hole shall be drilled before affixing the injection ports.
3.2.105.4 C9.24.4 A surface seal shall be applied over the length of the crack and shall have sufficient
strength to hold injection ports firmly in place and to resist injection pressures without leakage.
Suitable rapid curing sealant shall be available for quick repairs when leakage occurs.
3.2.105.5 C9.24.5 When the epoxy seal has hardened, the low viscosity resin is injected into one port at
a time starting from the port at lowest point and moving vertically upwards. The injection through
port is continued until the resin flows out from the adjacent port or from the other side of the member.
Then the current injection port is closed and epoxy injection is continued from the adjacent port.
3.2.105.6 C9.24.6 Hydraulic pumps, paint pressure pots, or air-actuated caulking guns may be used for
injecting the resin but the pressure used must be sufficient for injection but less than 2000kPa and
selected carefully to avoid damage to the pipe. Low viscosity monomers and resins shall be used to
seal cracks with surface widths less than 2mm.

3.2.105.7 C9.24.7 Repairs of cracks >1mm on horizontal surfaces can also be completed by preparing a
groove at the surface ranging in depth, between 6 to 25 mm depending on the width using a concrete
saw, hand tools or pneumatic tools. The groove is then cleaned by wire brush, air blasting,
sandblasting, or waterblasting, and dried. The groove is than filled with flexible non-sag sealant such
as epoxies, urethanes, silicones, polysulfides, asphaltic materials, or polymer mortars. Cement mortar
shall not be used.
3.2.105.8 C9.24.8 All sealants shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The
appropriate health and safety measures shall be taken during application of sealant particularly in a
confined environment.
3.2.106 CESWI7 – C9.25 Pipe Bursting
3.2.106.1 C9.25.1 The pipe bursting tool shall be guided through the host pipe by a constant tension
winch. As the tool travels through the pipe, its percussive action effectively breaks apart the old pipe
and displaces the fragments into the surrounding soil. Where required, the tool shall be equipped with
an expander that displaces the host pipe fragments and makes room for the new pipe. As the tool
makes its way through the host pipe, it shall simultaneously pull in the new pipe. The Contractor shall
decide on the specific details of the process including pulling and percussion forces, diameter of
expander, lubrication needs, overcut and filling thereof. His method statement shall provide all the
above details for approval.
3.2.106.2 C9.25.2 During the bursting works, the neighbouring area at ground level above the bursting
tool shall be continuously monitored for visible heave, movement or displacement of utility services
which are then investigated. Any movement, cracking, or settlement which is detected or reported
shall be immediately reported to the Engineer. The Contractor is responsible for remedial works on all
facilities affected by the works however small the heave or settlement may be. The remedial work
shall be such that after completion of the facility the working area shall be at least of the same
condition or better than before start of the works.
3.2.106.3 C9.25.3 The method statement shall also include details of how the Contractor will reconstruct
the junction with manholes, service connections. The design shall ensure that the joints remain water
tight under all situations. Service connections must not protrude into the sewer.
3.2.107 CESWI7 – C9.26 Manhole Repairs
3.2.107.1 C9.26.1 Flow may either have to be diverted to adjacent sewers or overpumped from an
upstream manhole to a downstream manhole. Prior to start of the flow diversion, the flow should be
monitored to determine the capacity of the pumping equipment. Pumping situation must be monitored
continuously and standby capacity must be available.
3.2.107.2 C9.26.2 Rehabilitation of the cover may mean resetting of the cover frame to the proper level
using bricks and mortar to raise the frame to the correct level. The frame and cover may be broken or
missing and replacement with one suitable for the location is therefore necessary. Covers shall be of
ductile iron and as specified for new manholes. After resetting the ground or pavement area has to be
reinstated either with concrete or asphalt.
3.2.107.3 C9.26.3 The steps providing access to the sewer may be corroded or missing and therefore
require replacement. Step shall be as specified for new manholes.
3.2.107.4 C9.26.4 Repairs of cracks and patches in concrete manholes shall be as specified for concrete
pipes.
3.2.107.5 C9.26.5 In cases where the manhole shaft is too damaged for small repairs and the diameter of
the shaft is sufficiently large, slip lining can be used to repair the whole manhole. The liner shall be of
a diameter at least 10cm smaller to allow the introduction of cement grout or fine concrete in the gap.
The liner can be made from fibre reinforced plastic or other corrosion proof material and can be left in
place as lost shuttering. After completion of the lining, the cover slab shall be constructed and the
cover installed. Care must be exercised during construction to avoid dropping any debris into the
sewer which

3.2.107.6 C9.26.6 Damaged benching shall be repaired by first removing all loose concrete and
scabbling to sound surface. The existing surface shall then be dried without any surface water and a
preparatory bonding layer of cement or cement-latex grout or an epoxy resin shall be applied to the
sides and bottom of the repair area. The benching material shall as far as possible match the quality of
the existing concrete. Shrinkage of the patch shall be minimized by use of low water: cement ratio for
the replacement concrete. Concrete additives shall be proposed to improve the workability, strength
and permeability.Curing shall be carefully completed in a controlled moist atmosphere by appropriate
covering such as wet burlap or a moisture barrier and allowed to cure with disturbance. The curing
must be finished rapidly and it must be possible for flows can be restablished after 24 hours.


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VOLUME 3

Section 2 - Particular Civil Works Requirements

December 2021 Page 1 of 55

VOLUME 3.1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS

VOLUME 3.2 – PARTICULAR CIVIL WORKS REQUIREMENTS

VOLUME 3.3 – PARTICULAR MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

VOLUME 3.4 - PARTICULAR ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS

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3.2.1 CESWI7 – 1.1 Definitions

3.2.1.4 C1.1.6 All occurrence of “Highway Reinstatement Specification” shall be deemed to be

3.2.1.5 C1.1.7 The End Recipient is Nis Municipality.

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3.2.27.2 C2.47.3 The cleaning of the pipes is detailed in Section 7.

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3.2.32 CESWI7 - 2.75 Manhole steps

3.2.32.3 C2.75.4 Size and spacings similar as ladders.

3.2.33.2 C2.76.5 to be added: text Section 5.25.4.

3.2.34 CESWI7 – 2.90 Pipe surround materials

Description Requirements Test Procedure

Pipe Material Fibre reinforced plastic BS 5480

Pipe jointing GRP couplings with EPDM

Dimensions DN/ID as indicated on drawings EN ISO 3126

Pipe length As required by Contractor for Minimum number of joints

Minimum backfill Standard Proctor EN 13286

Minimum Ring stiffness SN-10 (10MPa) EN ISO 9969

Maximum long term 5% EN 1228

No cracks or crazing <=9% AWWA C950

Maximum ring bending 0.2% AWWA C950

Joint watertightness Leak free EN1053

Minimum Jetting 180 bars CEN/TR 14920

3.2.36 CESWI7 - 2.94 Plastic chambers and rings

3.2.37 CESWI7 - 2.97 Polyethylene pipes and fittings

3.2.37.7 C2.97.7 Additional Requirements are specified hereafter:

Description Requirements Test Procedure

Application Area Away from buildings - U EN 476

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Pipe Material Polyethylene – PE EN ISO 3451-1

Resistance to high Pass EN 13476-1

Impact strength + 23°C TIR ≤ 10 % EN 744

Impact No cracks through the wall; EN 12061

Pipe colour Black

Pipe jointing - Integrated Electrofusion-socket and EN 13476-1

Plastic pipe welding or extrusion welded or fused joints EN 13067

Minimum tensile 1020N EN 13476-3 Table 14 & 15

Fused/ welded joint No break in the EN 13476-3 Table 17

Dimensions DN/ID as indicated on drawings EN ISO 3126

Pipe length As required by Contractor for Minimum number of joints

Minimum thickness - EN 13476-3 Table 5 EN 13476-3

Minimum thickness - EN 13476-3 Table 7 EN 13476-3

Maximum long term 5% EN 13476-1 Figure B.1

Minimum backfill Standard Proctor EN 13286