CE331-7.

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530-331 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
Lecture No 7: Control Section and Transitions
7.1 Control Section
- All rapid flows are controlled by upstream conditions; computations of surface profiles
must be started at the upstream end of a channel.
- Tranquil flows are affected by small changes in downstream condition, computations must
start at the downstream end of a reach.
- Control sections occurs at entrances, exits, changes in channel slopes.
- A gate in a channel can be a control for both upstream (u/s) and downstream (d/s)
reaches.
- Control sections (Fig. 7-1)
(a) flow passes through critical at the entrance to a channel, the channel is steep,
computation proceed d/s.
(b) a change in channel slope from mild to steep, passing through critical at the break in
grade, computation proceed both u/s and d/s from the control section.
(c) a gate in a horizontal channel, control both u/s and d/s.

Figure 7-1 Channel control sections.

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- Fig. 7-2 Hydraulic jump occurs, resulting profile consists of pieces of H3 and H2.
- In computing these profile for a known discharge, the H3 curve is computed starting at the
gate (contraction coefficient must be known) and proceeding d/s until the depth will
reach yc
- The H2 curve is computed, starting with yc at the end of the channel and proceeding u/s,
depth conjugate to these along H3 are computed and plotted as shown.
- Intersection of the conjugate depth curve and the H2 curve locate the position of the jump.
- If the H2 curve is everywhere, greater than the depth conjugate to H3. A drowned jump
occurs, with H2 extending to the gate.

Figure 7-2 Hydraulic jump between 2 control sections.

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7.2 Computer calculation of Gradually Varied Flow.
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7.2 Transitions
-Transition: the structure conduits the water from u/s section to the new section, change the
shape of flow and surface profile with minimum losses.
-Fig 11.17 apply the energy equation,
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Classwork # 7
1. Prob. 11.23

2. Prob. 11.34

Homework # 6
From Repeat Example 11.7 if (a) Q is decrease to 20 m3/s (b) Q is increased to 30 m3/s
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