CE331-21.

1
530-331 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
Lecture No 21: Hydraulic Structure (III)
21.1 Safety Criteria
Sliding Resistance
H  f f : Coefficient of friction  0.75
V
In case of abnormal loading requires lower f.
Shear friction factor
f  V  rSA
S.F.F = f  0.70
H
S : Shearing strength = 140 t/m2 for poor rocks
= 500 t/m2 for good rocks
r : Average  0.5
A : Area (m2)
S.F.F > 5 (Normal loading)
> 4 (Abnormal loading)

21.2 Stress
W e
Z  1  6  Z : vertical stress at toe and heel
T T
P  ZSec 2   PD tan 2  W : Total Vertical load (ton)
T : width of dam base (m)
e : eccentric distance (m)
P : Principal stress
 : Angle between surface of the dam and vertical line at toe and heel.
PD : Summation of normal stress due to water and earthquake (PD = Wh  Pe)
(Downstream) PD  ZDSec2D  PD tan 2 D
(Upstream)  PU   ZUSec 2  U  PU tan 2  U
In case upstream face of dam  with floor  U  0 o
PU  ZU (1)  PU (0)  ZU
In case no water downstream PD = 0
 PD   ZDSec 2 D  0   ZD (1  tan 2  D )
 CE331-21.2

Example 21-1
Design the non-overflow section of a gravity dam with the following data:
Case I (i) Reservoir full
(ii) No tail water
(iii) Uplift considered
(iv) Drains working
(v) Horizontal earthquake acceleration upstream
(vi) Vertical earthquake acceleration downward

+ +
 CE331-21.3
Vertical Horizont Lever Point A (heel)
NO Item Calculation Force al Force Arm Moment (t-m)
(ton) (ton) (m) - +
Weithts
1 W1 6.1  6.72 49 4.06 198
 2.4
2
2 W2 61 54.9 4,020 18.3 73,600
 2.4
2
Inertial force due to earthquake
3 Pev(W1 + W2) (49+4020)  0.1 -407 7,380
4 Peh W1 49  0.2 10 58.76 588
5 Peh W2 4020  0.2 804 61
3
16,300
Water
Thrust
6 PW 1 1350 52 23,400
 52  52 3
2
Inertial effect due to vertical
earthquake
7 PWev 1350(0.1) -135 52 2,340
3
Hydrodynamic Force due to
earthquake
8 Peh Pe=
( 90 o )
0.73 o 0.2  1  52 =
90
7.59
Fe = 0.726 Pe (52) 286
Me = 0.3 (7.59) (52)2 6150
Uplift forces
9 U1 1 -121 7 282
 7  34.67 3
2
U2 7 17.33 -121 7 423
2
U3 1 -415 23 9,550
 47.9  17.33
2
Total 4069 2315 100, 261 120,236 19,975
-1064 3005

= 3005 t = 33.3 m = 100,261 t-m

 CE331-21.4
54.9
Eccentricity = 33.3 - = 5.85 m Principle stress  U  0 o , tan  D = 0.9 PD = 0
2
Vertical stress  PU   ZU Sec 2  U - PU tan 2  U
Z 
 W (1  6 e )  PD = 1.97 kg/cm2
T T
3005  6  5.85 
= 1    PD =  ZD (1  tan 2  D )  PD tan 2  D
54.9  54.9 
= 54.74 (1  0.64) = 8.97(1+0.9)2 = 16.24 kg/cm2
 Z ( toe )  89.73 t 2 = 8.97 kg/cm2  ZD  Coefficient of Sliding =
 H  2315
m  V 3005
 Z ( heel)  19.71 t 2 = 1.97 kg/cm2  ZU  = 0.77 > 0.75
m
Not excess Allowable Compressive Check for shear friction factor
3005( 0.7 )  54.9( 210)
Stress of Foundation material =  5.89  5
2315
From Table 21-1: 1 t/m2 = 10 kN/m2
Dam foundation must be and sand stone.

Table 21-1 Allowable compressive stresses for foundation material

 CE331-21.5
Classwork # 21
1. ทำ Stability analysis and estimate Stresses in gravity dam from Example 21-1 for Case II
(i) Reservoir full level = 158 m
(ii) No tail water
(iii) Uplift considered
(iv) Drains working
(v) Horizontal earthquake acceleration acting upstream and vertical acceleration up
(vi) Wave’s force considered (hW = 1.5 m)

Line Vertical Horizontal Lever Moment (t-m)

NO Items Calculation Force Force Arm
(t) (m) - +
1 W1
2 W2
3 Pev(W1 +
W2)
4 Peh W1
5 Peh W2
6 PW
7 PW ev
8 Pweh
9 U1
10 U2
11 U3
12 PWaves
 CE331-21.6
Homework # 21
From Example 21-1 and Classwork # 21, do Stability analysis and estimate Stress in 3 Cases:
Case
III IV V
Reservoir Full Full Empty
Tail water No No No
Uplift Considered Yes Yes No
Drain working Yes No No
Horizontal Earthquake Up No No
Vertical Earthquake Up No No