BRM Paper Pattern

Q) Abstract given -- give Title EASY

Q) Abstract given --- we have to explain what abstract is trying to convey EASY

Q) Questions to be asked in interview

 Can you tell me about yourself? Other than the resume

 How did you get to know about this company?
 What are your greatest professional strength?
 Any weakness you can use it as a strength to get the work done?
 Tell me about a challenge or conflict you have faced in your life and how did you dealt wit it?
 What are your greatest accomplishments?
 What kind of working environment do you work best in?
 How do you feel about working on weekends or late hours?
 Give me an example of when you displayed your leadership skills
 Give me an example of when you worked under pressure
 Why is there a gap of 1 year in your career?
 Why do you want to work for our company?

Q) Sources of primary and secondary data

Sources of Primary Data:

 Surveys
 Observations
 Experiments
 Questionnaires
 Focus Group
 Interviews

Sources of Secondary Data:

 Books
 Journals
 Articles
 Web pages
 Blogs
 Podcasts

Q) Make google form question on primary data EASY

Q) Article Writing

1. Select a topic to write about.

2. Identify your target audience.
3. Research facts that reinforce your story.
4. Come up with an outline of your article.
5. Write a rough draft and pare down your outline.
6. Specify your subject matter.
7. Read aloud until your draft is error-free.
Q) Co-relation ( -1 to +1) EASY

Q) Case study- to analyze the dependent variables EASY

Q) why market research is important

Q) Meaning of Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s) predict will be the outcome
of the study. It is stated at the start of the study. This usually involves proposing a possible
relationship between two variables: the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the
dependent variable (what the research measures). In research, there is a convention that the
hypothesis is written in two forms, the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis (called the
experimental hypothesis when the method of investigation is an experiment). A fundamental
requirement of a hypothesis is that is can be tested against reality, and can then be supported or
rejected. To test a hypothesis the researcher first assumes that there is no difference between
populations from which they are taken. This is known as the null hypothesis. The research
hypothesis is often called the alternative hypothesis.
Types- Null and Alternate Hypothesis with examples

Alternative Hypothesis:

The alternative hypothesis states that there is a relationship between the two variables being
studied (one variable has an effect on the other).
An experimental hypothesis predicts what change(s) will take place in the dependent variable when
the independent variable is manipulated.
It states that the results are not due to chance and that they are significant in terms of supporting
the theory being investigated.
Null Hypothesis:

The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables being studied (one
variable does not affect the other). There will be no changes in the dependent variable due to the
manipulation of the independent variable.
It states results are due to chance and are not significant in terms of supporting the idea being
investigated.

Q) Discuss the structure of Research Paper

 Title
 Abstract
 Keywords
 Corresponding Authors
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Objectives of the Study
 Research Methodology
 Analysis and Discussion
  Findings and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Declaration of Conflicting Interest
 References

Q) What is T- test?

Beer and Statistics: A Winning Combination

By William Sealy Gosset (1876- 1937)

A t-test is a statistical test that is used to compare the means of two groups. It is often used
in hypothesis testing to determine whether a process or treatment actually has an effect on the
population of interest, or whether two groups are different from one another.

If sample size is more than 30 then T-test cannot be applied.

Critical Value:

 If t value is lower than critical value, then don’t reject/accept the null hypothesis
 If t value is higher than critical value, then reject the null hypothesis

T = Mean – Comparison value / Standard Error (SE)

SE = SD/ √N

When to use a t-test

A t-test can only be used when comparing the means of two groups (a.k.a. pairwise comparison). If
you want to compare more than two groups, or if you want to do multiple pairwise comparisons, use
an ANOVA test or a post-hoc test.

The t-test is a parametric test of difference, meaning that it makes the same assumptions about your
data as other parametric tests. The t-test assumes your data:

1. are independent
2. are (approximately) normally distributed.
3. have a similar amount of variance within each group being compared (a.k.a. homogeneity of
variance)

If your data do not fit these assumptions, you can try a nonparametric alternative to the t-test, such
as the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for data with unequal variances.

What type of t-test should I use?

When choosing a t-test, you will need to consider two things: whether the groups being compared
come from a single population or two different populations, and whether you want to test the
difference in a specific direction.

One-sample, two-sample, or paired t-test?

 If the groups come from a single population (e.g. measuring before and after an
experimental treatment), perform a paired t-test.
  If the groups come from two different populations (e.g. two different species, or people
from two separate cities), perform a two-sample t-test (a.k.a. independent t-test).
 If there is one group being compared against a standard value (e.g. comparing the acidity of
a liquid to a neutral pH of 7), perform a one-sample t-test.

One-tailed or two-tailed t-test?

 If you only care whether the two populations are different from one another, perform
a two-tailed t-test.
 If you want to know whether one population mean is greater than or less than the other,
perform a one-tailed t-test.

Performing a t-test
The t-test estimates the true difference between two group means using the ratio of the difference
in group means over the pooled standard error of both groups. You can calculate it manually using a
formula, or use statistical analysis software.

T-test formula
The formula for the two-sample t-test (a.k.a. the Student’s t-test) is shown below.

  

In this formula, t is the t-value, x1 and x2 are the means of the two groups being compared, s2 is the
pooled standard error of the two groups, and n1 and n2 are the number of observations in each of
the groups.

A larger t-value shows that the difference between group means is greater than the pooled standard
error, indicating a more significant difference between the groups.

You can compare your calculated t-value against the values in a critical value chart to determine
whether your t-value is greater than what would be expected by chance. If so, you can reject the null
hypothesis and conclude that the two groups are in fact different.

T-test function in statistical software

Most statistical software (R, SPSS, etc.) includes a t-test function. This built-in function will take your
raw data and calculate the t-value. It will then compare it to the critical value, and calculate a p-
value. This way you can quickly see whether your groups are statistically different.