Technical English – J.

Guerola – GS

CHAPTER 3: APPLICATIONS

3.1 USING ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE:

You need to know the symbols in this table:

Fig. Shows a graph of Voltage V on the vertical axis against I on the horizontal axis for a
resistor which has a fixed resistence.

If the gradient of the graph is 100 (V/I), the resistance of the resistor is 100 ohms.
 Technical English – J. Guerola – GS

If you alter the voltahe and measure the current, voltage is the independent variable and current is
the dependient variable. You would usually a plot a graph of current against voltage. Graphs of
voltage against current have the advantage that the gradient is equal to the resistance.

Voltage against current graphs can be plotted for componets where the resistance varies and the
gradient of these graphs shows how the resistance varies. For example, the wire in a filament lamp
is designed to get hot enough to glow. Its resistance increases as the current increases because it gets
very hot. The graph of voltage against current looks like next figure. If the graph for a component is
not a straight line, it is because the resistence is changing and the component is sometimes called a
non-ohmic device.

POTENTIAL DIVIDERS
A potential divider circuit made using two resistors can be used to provide and output p.d. With the
value that is wanted from a higher input p.d.
Using the fact that the current in a series circuit is the same everywhere, and that the current =
voltage / resistance, in the circuit shown in the next fig.
 Technical English – J. Guerola – GS

A POTENTIAL DIVIDER WITH VARIABLE OUTPUT

Technical English – J. Guerola – GS
 Technical English – J. Guerola – GS

3.2. ELECTROMAGNETISM
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The A.C. Generator

Electric Current and Magnetic Fields

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The electric motor

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3.3. DIODES AND CAPACITORS

The Diode. The Silicon Diode.

Half-wave Rectification.
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Full-wave Rectification.
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THE CAPACITOR
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A smoothing Circuit.
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3.4 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS.

LOGIC GATES.

THE NOT GATE, THE OR GATE AND THE AND GATE.

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THE NAND GATE AND THE NOR GATE.

GENERATING AN INPUT SIGNAL.

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Logic systems.
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 Technical English – J. Guerola – GS

THE BIESTABLE LATCH.

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USING THE OUTPUT OF A LOGIC GATE

A light emitting Diode.

The relay.
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3.5 MEDICAL PHYSICS.

ENDOSCOPES.

PULSE OXIMETRY
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THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG).

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RADIOISOTOPES
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POSITRON-ELECTRON ANNIHILATION
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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCANNINING.

Technical English – J. Guerola – GS