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Q`rvja` Obdubc le
MKVQ

Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]`andlclky  Al., Ctm.

Gucy 8620

 
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

Mjsacbjo`r

[njc` `ban `eelrt nbs h``d obm` tl `dsur` tn` baaurbay le tnjs mlauo`dt,

Abtnby D`hucb bssuo`s dl r`spldsjhjcjty elr lojssjlds lr `rrlrs. Dlr js bdy cjbhjcjty

bssuo`m elr mbobk`s r`suctjdk erlo tn` jdelrobtjld aldtbjd`m n`r`jd.

Abtnby D`hucb snbcc dlt h` r`spldsjhc` lr cjbhc` elr jdajm`dtbc lr alds`qu`dtjbc

mbobk`s, b clss le bdtjajpbt`m h`d`ejts lr prlejts, wlri stlppbk` lr clss,

jopbjro`dt le mbtb brjsjdk lut le tn` us`, jdbhjcjty tl us` tn` syst`o lr tn` tnjs

syst`o lr bdy le jts alopld`dts. Abtnby D`hucb snbcc dlt h` n`cm r`spldsjhc` elr

bdy olmjejabtjlds lr r`pbjrs obm` lutsjm` lur ebajcjtj`s, dlr mbobk`s r`suctjdk

erlo jdbm`qubt` objdt`dbda` le tn` syst`o.

Bs wjtn bcc wjr`c`ss bdm sbt`ccjt` sjkdbcs, s`v`rbc ebatlrs oby bee`at tn`

bvbjcbhjcjty bdm baaurbay le tn` wjr`c`ss bdm sbt`ccjt` dbvjkbtjld bdm alrr`atjld

s`rvja`s (`.k. KVQ, KDQQ, QHBQ, `ta.). ]n`r`elr`, Abtnby D`hucb abddlt kubrbdt``

tn` baaurbay, jdt`krjty, aldtjdujty, lr bvbjcbhjcjty le tn`s` s`rvja`s bdm abddlt

kubrbdt`` tn` bhjcjty tl us` Abtnby D`hucb syst`os, lr prlmuats us`m bs

alopld`dts le syst`os, wnjan r`cy upld tn` r`a`ptjld le tn`s` sjkdbcs lr

bvbjcbhjcjty le tn`s` s`rvja`s. Abtnby D`hucb baa`pts dl r`spldsjhjcjty elr tn` us` le

bdy le tn`s` sjkdbcs lr s`rvja`s elr ltn`r tnbd tn` stbt`m purpls`.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

]bhc` le Aldt`dts 

2 Jdtrlmuatjld .............................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Qyst`o Eudatjld ............................................................................................................ 2
2.2.2 Butlobtja Kbdtry Qt``rjdk Qyst`o (BKQQ)............................................................... 2
Vlsjtjld M`t`rojdbtjld Qyst`o (VMQ) ............................................................................... 2
2.8 @opcly`m ]`andlclkj`s ................................................................................................. 8
X]I MKVQ ]`andlclky........................................................................................................ 8
Q`dslr Eusjld .................................................................................................................... 8
KVQ Ebjcur` Vrla`ss ]`andlclky ........................................................................................ 1
2.1 Lp`rbtjldbc Lv`rvj`w ................................................................................................... 1
MKVQ Hbs` Pdjt.................................................................................................................. =
MKVQ X]K Pdjt ...................................................................................................................5
8 Qtbrt-up
Qtbrt-up ................................................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Jdjtjbc Qtbrt-up
Qtbrt-up.............................................................................................................. 26
8.8 X`-Qtbrt........................................................................................................................22
KVQ le MKVQ Hbs` Pdjt ....................................................................................................22
KVQ le X]K Pdjt ...............................................................................................................2;
Xbmjl ............................................................................................................................... 8
86
6
1 ]rluhc` Qnlltjdk ..................................................................................................................... 8;
1.2 Objdt`dbda` ............................................................................................................... 8;
1.8 Eudatjld ]`sts.............................................................................................................. 8>
1.1 Dlrobc Lp`rbtjld ....................................................................................................... 8>
KBCB^Z JVA ‑HQ X`a`jv`r .................................................................................................8>
KBCB^Z JVA ‑BK Aldtrlcc`r.............................................................................................. 8:
KBCB^Z JVA ‑VM Aldtrlcc`r ..............................................................................................8:
Xbmjl ............................................................................................................................... 1
16
6
1.= @xanbdkjdk Qpbr` Vbrts ............................................................................................... 16
= Qyst`o jd M`tbjc ....................................................................................................................... 12
=.2 Cjd` Quoobry.............................................................................................................. 12
MKVQ BKQQ PDJ] ............................................................................................................. 12
MKVQ VMQ PDJ] ............................................................................................................... 18
=.8 Bvbjcbhjcjty ................................................................................................................... 18
=.1 X`strjatjlds.................................................................................................................. 11
0 Bpp`dmjx ................................................................................................................................. 11
0.2 Hbsja ]`andjabc Mbtb .................................................................................................... 11
0.8 X]K Qp`ajejabtjlds ....................................................................................................... 11
5 Dltja`s .................................................................................................................................... 1=
5.2 Vrlp`r Ps` le @qujpo`dt ............................................................................................ 1=
5.8 Alpyrjknt ..................................................................................................................... 1=
; Cjst le Vjatur`s ......................................................................................................................... 1=
> Cjst le ]bhc`s ............................................................................................................................ 10
: Barldyos
Barldyos................................................................................................................................. 10
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ bdm QVQ

2  Jdtrlmuatjld

]n` MKVQ syst`o le Abtnby D`hucb br` us`m jd BKQQ bdm VMQ bppcjabtjlds elr

joprlvjdk tn` X]K sbe`ty murjdk lp`rbtjld. ]n` syst`o jdacum`s twl suh-syst`os.
MKVQ hbs` udjt prlmua`s bdm hrlbmabsts KVQ mjee`r`dtjbc alrr`atjld mbtb. MKVQ X]K

udjt banj`v`s tn` eudatjld le BKQQ bdm VMQ.

2.2 Qyst`o Eudatjld

2.2.2 Butlobtja Kbdtry Qt``rjdk Qyst`o (BKQQ)

]n` BKQQ syst`o trbais tn` clabtjld, v`clajty bdm mjr`atjld le tn` X]K hy

plsjtjldjdk jdelrobtjld erlo tn` MKVQ (wjtn njkn pr`ajsjld ²8AO). Bdm tn`d tn`
BKQQ syst`o butlobtjabccy
butlobtjabccy kujm`s tn` kbdtry tl olv` bcldk tn` pr`m`ejd`m trbai cjd`

wnjan jt ‚s o`bsur`m hy jts k`lkrbpnja mbtb. ]n` X]K alucm h` lp`rbt`m bs sjopcy bs

bd XOK. Bdm tn` lp`rbtlr, tn`r`elr`, dl cldk`r d``ms tl pby ouan alda`rd bhlut

wn`tn`r tn` X]K olv`s cjd`brcy.

]n` BKQQ jopc`o`dts butlobtja st``rjdk prla`mur` wn`d tn` kbdtry js olvjdk

wjtn 6 m`kr``. [n`d tn` kbdtry js olvjdk wjtn dld-6 m`kr``, butlobtja st``rjdk

prla`mur` wjcc h` jopc`o`dt`m.

]n` BKQQ syst`o prlvjm`s s`ce-mjbkdlsjs eudatjld. ]n` lp`rbtlr abd turd lee tn`

BKQQ eudatjld obdubccy udm`r pbrtjaucbr sjtubtjlds lr `o`rk`daj`s. ]n` lp`rbtlrs

abd snjet tn` lp`rbtjld olm` tl obdubc olm` wn`d BKQQ syst`o ebjcs lr turd`m lee.

BKQQ syst`o abd `ee`atjv`cy joprlv` tn` sbe`ty le tn` stlrbk` nbdmcjdk

prla`mur` le tn` aldtbjd`r bt tn` t`rojdbc ybrm bdm r`mua` tn` wlrijdk pr`ssur` le

tn` lp`rbtlrs bdm tn` `rrlr rbt` jd stlrbk` nbdmcjdk prla`mur`.

2.2.8 Vlsjtjld M`t`rojdbtjld Qyst`o (VMQ)

Mu` tl tn` d`kcjk`da` le tn` lp`rbtlr wn`d tn` lp`rbtjdk aldtbjd`r plsjtjld

2 / =6 
=6  Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]`andlclky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

jdelrobtjld js v`rjej`m obdubccy, tn` batubc aldtbjd`r stbaijdk jdelrobtjld bdm ]LQ

(]`rojdbc Lp`rbtjld Qyst`o) mbtbhbs` oby h` ojsobtan`m wnjan bee`at tn`

prlmuatjld `eejaj`day le tn` aldtbjd`r t`rojdbc.

]n` VMQ syst`o abd baaurbt`cy m`t`at X]K r`bc-tjo` plsjtjld le tn` aldtbjd`r

h`jdk lp`rbt`m hy KVQ bdm trlcc`y `dalm`r. [n`d tn` aldtbjd`r js pjai`m up lr

mrlpp`m lee , tn` syst`o lhtbjds tn` aldtbjd`r‚


aldtbjd`r ‚s plsjtjld mbtb bdm s`dms jt tl tn` ]LQ,

tnus tl bvljm s`dmjdk b wrldk aldtbjd`r‚


aldtbjd`r ‚s plsjtjld tl tn` ]LQ mbtbhbs`.

2.8 @opcly`m ]`andlclkj`s

X]I MKVQ ]`andlclky

]n` KVQ r`a`jv`r abd r`a`jv` tn` sbt`ccjt` sjkdbc bdm abcaucbt` tn` plsjtjld

nlw`v`r tn` sjdkc` plsjtjld baaurbay js bhlut 2.> o`t`r wnjan ml`s dlt o``t tn`
d``ms le tn` X]K aldtrlc. Psjdk tn` mubc-er`qu`day X]I MKVQ t`andlclky, KVQ

plsjtjld baaurbay abd banj`v` ² 8ao, wnjan abd sbtjsey tn` d``ms le tn` X]K aldtrlc,

suan bs butlobtja st``rjdk.

Mubc-er`qu`day X]I MKVQ plsjtjldjdk o`tnlm js banj`v`m jd tn` elcclwjdk wby7 B

KVQ hbs` stbtjld r`a`jv`r js oludt`m ld b pljdt, tn` allrmjdbt`s lr wnjan js bcr`bmy

idlwd. Jt i``ps trbaijdk le bcc vjsjhc` sbt`ccjt`s bdm k`d`rbt`s tn` abrrj`r pnbs` (X]I)

mjee`r`dtjbc alrr`atjld mbtb. ]n` KVQ r`a`jv`rs le tn` rlv`r stbtjld r`a`jv` tn` hbs`

stbtjld (X]I) mjee`r`dtjbc alrr`atjld mbtb. Alohjdjdk wjtn s`ce lhs`rv`m sbt`ccjt`
sjkdbc mbtb, tn` KVQ r`a`jv`rs abcaucbt` tn` plsjtjld njkn pr`ajsjld, wnjan abd r`ban

r`bc-tjo` 8ao baaurbay.

Q`dslr Eusjld

]n` lmlo`trja (m`bm r`aildjdk) dbvjkbtjldbc syst`o abcaucbt`s tn` arbd`s ‚ 

plsjtjld hy tn` rltbry `dalm`rs. ]n` lmlo`trja syst`o js p`robd`dtcy bvbjcbhc` bdm

js njkncy baaurbt` murjdk b snlrt mjstbda`. ]n` kbdtry `dalm`r js jdt`krbt`m wjtn tn`

KVQ‚ss sp``m bdm plsjtjld, bdm joprlv`s tn` plsjtjldjdk r`cjbhjcjty bdm aldtjdujty.
KVQ‚ aldtjdujty. ]n`
8 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]
&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

s`dslr-eusjld abd `ee`atjv`cy slcv` tn` prlhc`o wn`d tn` baaurbay bdm stbhjcjty br`

bee`at`m
bee`at`m hy tn` lutcj`rs le tn` KVQ lutputs lr tn` KVQ sjkdbc js t`oplrbrjcy ojssjdk.

Alohjdjdk wjtn tn` KVQ jdelrobtjld, tn` cbs`r sabdd`r jdelrobtjld, tn` trlcc`y

bhslcut` `dalm`r jdelrobtjld bdm tn` spr`bm`r nljst `dalm`r jdelrobtjld, tn`

syst`o abd baa`ss tn` spr`bm`r's r`bc-tjo` spbtjbc plsjtjld. Bdm tnus tn` syst`o k`ts

tn` plsjtjld le tn` aldtbjd`r h`jdk nbdmc`m.

KVQ Ebjcur` Vrla`ss ]`andlclky

[n`d tn` KVQ ebjcs, tn` syst`o abd aldmuat aldtbjd`r trbaijdk tnrlukn tn`

kbdtry `dalm`r m`bm-r`aildjdk t`andlclky. ]n` syst`o abd abcaucbt` tn` aurr`dt

plsjtjld le tn` X]K wjtnjd tn` aldtbjd`r ybrm hy tn` mjstbda` erlo tn` kbdtry

`dalm`r bdm tn` jdjtjbc plsjtjld wnjan js plsjtjld`m hy tn` KVQ h`elr` jt ebjcs. Bs tn`

mjstbda` le tn` aldtbjd`r hclai js cjojt`m, wjtnjd b mjstbda` le 266 o`t`rs, tn`

aldmuatjdk plsjtjld `rrlr abd h` kubrbdt``m c`ss tnbd 2.0 o`t`r. ]n` syst`o abd stjcc

plsjtjld tn` rjknt sclt le tn` aldtbjd`r (86 'ellt aldtbjd`rs


aldtbjd`rs hby c`dktn js 5 o).
[n`d b aldtbjd`r js pjai`m up lr put mlwd, tn` plsjtjld le tn` aldtbjd`r wnjan js
m`t`rojd`m hy tn` lmlo`trja syst`o js alopbr`m wjtn tn` pr`-m`ejd`m aldtbjd`r sclt
plsjtjlds. Je b sclt abd h` eludm, tn` a`dt`r plsjtjld le tn` aldtbjd`r sclt abd h` us`m
bs b d`w jdjtjbc plsjtjld wjtn b m`vjbtjld c`ss tnbd 6.8o. ]njs e`btur` `dbhc`s tn` VMQ
syst`o tl k`t tn` pr`ajs` plsjtjld s`v`rbc tjo`s ld tn` wby.

2.1 Lp`rbtjldbc Lv`rvj`w

]n` syst`o jdacum`s twl suh-syst`os. MKVQ hbs` udjt prlmua`s bdm hrlbmabsts

KVQ mjee`r`dtjbc alrr`atjld mbtb. MKVQ X]K udjt banj`v`s tn` eudatjld le BKQQ bdm

VMQ.

1 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  2 sys
syst`o
t`o clkja
clkja mjbkrbo

MKVQ Hbs` Pdjt

]n` MKVQ hbs` udjt jdacum`s tn` KBCB^Z JVA ‑HQ r`a`jv`r, tn` KVQ bdt`ddb, tn`

mbtb rbmjl olm`o, tn` XE bdt`ddb bdm tn` PVQ plw`r suppcy `qujpo`dt `ta.

KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ r`a`jv`r r`a`jv`s tn` KVQ sjkdbc bdm abcaucbt`s tn` mjee`r`dtjbc

alrr`at mbtb baalrmjdk tn` pr`-s`t allrmjdbt`s wjtn njkn pr`ajsjld. ]n`d KBCB^Z JVA

‑HQ r`a`jv`r trbdsojts tn` mjee`r`dtjbc alrr`atjld mbtb tnrlukn tn` mbtb rbmjl, tn`

sjkdbc le wnjan alv`rs tn` `dtjr` aldtbjd`r ybrm.

= / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

XE Bdt`ddb
KVQ Bdt`ddb

]n` rlle le hujcmjdk

Brr`st`r 

KBCB^Z
Xbmjl
JVA-HQ

BA/
MA
816UBA

PVQ

PDJ]
 
围  8 ]n` `c`o`d
`c`o`dtt le KVQ hbs` udjt

]n` KBCB^Z JVA-HQ r`a`jv`r, tn` mbtb rbmjl olm`o, tn` BA/MA plw`r bmbpt`r,

tn` brr`st`rs bdm tn` PVQ plw`r suppcy br` jdstbcc`m jd tn` hbs` udjt hlx.

0 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  1 Jdstbccbtjld
Jdstbccbtjld le KVQ hbs` udjt

MKVQ X]K Pdjt

]n` alr` `qujpo`dt elr tn` BKQQ js KBCB^Z JVA ‑BK aldtrlcc`r. ]n` MKVQ BKQQ

PDJ] bcsl jdacum`s KVQ bdt`ddbs, wjr`c`ss rbmjl, rbmjl bdt`ddb bdm BA/MA plw`r

bmbpt`r, `ta. KBCB^Z JVA‑BK aldtrlcc`r r`a`jv`s tn` mjee`r`dtjbc mbtb wnjan js

hrlbmabst`m hy MKVQ hbs` udjt vjb tn` wjr`c`ss mbtb rbmjl cjdi, bdm s`dms jt tl tn`

`oh`mm`m KVQ r`a`jv`r tl banj`v` X]I plsjtjldjdk. ]n` aldtrlcc`r abcaucbt`s tn`

m`vjbtjld erlo tn` tn`lry cjd` hy usjdk mbtb erlo KVQ, kbdtry `dalm`r, trlcc`y

`dalm`r, spr`bm`r nljst `dalm`r bdm ltn`r jdelrobtjld. ]n` aldtrlcc`r us`s tnjs

jdt`krbt`m jdelrobtjld tl k`d`rbt` aldtrlc jdstruatjlds, bdm s`dms jt tl tn` VCA

syst`o tl aldtrlc tn` kbdtry st``rjdk.

5 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

XE Bdt`ddb
KVQ Bdt`ddb

Brr`st`r 

Xbmjl KBCB^Z JVA  ‑ BK VCA

28UMA
C`et
Xjknt
Xltbry
Xltbry
@dalm`r 
@dalm`r 
BA/MA

 KQQ Pdjt Hlx


BA
X]K
@c`atrja nlus`
 
围  = ]n` `c
`c`o`dts
`o`dts l
lee BKQQ PDJ]

]n` KBCB^Z JVA‑BK aldtrlcc`r, tn` mbtb rbmjl olm`o, brr`st`rs bdm tn` BA/MA

plw`r bmbpt`r br` jdstbcc`m jd tn` BKQQ hlx jd @-rllo.

; / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  0 Jdstbccbtj
Jdstbccbtjld
ld mjbkrbo le BKQQ hlx

]n` alr` `qujpo`dt elr VMQ js KBCB^Z JVA ‑ VM aldtrlcc`r, BA/MA plw`r

bmbpt`r.

]n` r`bc-tjo` aldtbjd`r plsjtjld mbtb js lhtbjd`m hy KBCB^Z JVA‑BK bdm tn`d

`v`dtubccy s`dt tl tn` KBCB^Z JVA ‑VM aldtrlcc`r tnrlukn tn` VCA syst`o. ]n`

KBCB^Z JVA‑VM aldtrlcc`r s`dms mbtb tl tn` UO]. ]n` aldtbjd`r plsjtjld m`t`atjld

js banj`v`m.

> / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

UO]

VMQ Pdjt lx

KBCB^Z JVA  ‑ V


 VM
M VCA

28UMA

BA/MA
X]K Abh

BA

 
围  5 ]n` `c`o`dts le VMQ PDJ]

]n` KBCB^Z JVA‑VM aldtrlcc`r, tn` swjtan bdm tn` BA/MA plw`r bmbpt`r br`

jdstbcc`m jd tn` MKVQ VMQ udjt hlx wnjan jdstbcc`m jd tn` abhjd.

: / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  ; Jdstbccbt
Jdstbccbtjld
jld le VMQ hlx

]n`r` br` tnr`` hypbss swjtan`s jd tn` lp`rbtlr abhjd. ]n`y br` us`m elr

swjtanjdk ld bdm lee tn` BKQQ eudatjld bdm VMQ eudatjld. H`sjm`s, tn`r` br` tnr``

jdmjabtlr cjknts snlwjdk tn` eudatjld stbtus le BKQQ, VMQ.

8  Qtbrt-up

8.2 Jdjtjbc Qtbrt-up

B]]@D]JLD!

Ldcy prle`ssjldbc p`rsldd`c le Abtnby D`hucb br` bcclw`m tl ml tn` jdjtjbc

stbrt-up le tn` syst`o!

26 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

]n` pbrbo`t`rs le `v`ry arbd` br` sbv`m ld ecbsn o`olry bet`r tn`

aloojssjldjdk.

DL]@ 
DL]@ 

]n` ecbsn o`olry nbs tl h` branjv`m hy tn` ybrm lp`rbtlr elr plssjhc` r`-stbrt.

8.8 X`-Qtbrt

Elr b r`-stbrt jt js bssuo`m, tnbt bcc syst`o alopld`dts nbv` h``d jdstbcc`m bdm

aldd`at`m hy qubcjej`m p`rsldd`c. Qjda` bcc syst`o pbrbo`t`rs br` p`robd`dtcy

stlr`m jd tn` syst`o, tn` syst`o wjcc h` euccy lp`rbhc` bet`r b plw`r hr`bimlwd bdm

r`-aldd`atjld tl plw`r suppcy (nlw`v`r, tn` r`-stbrt wjcc tbi` b e`w ojdut`s, sjda`

tn` syst`o nbs h``d


h`` d r`-jdjtjbcjz`m).

Jd abs` le `xanbdkjdk KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ r`a`jv`r, KBCB^Z JVA‑BK aldtrlcc`r,

KBCB^Z JVA ‑ VM, KVQ L@O hlbrm lr ltn`r alopld`dts, bcc le tn`o wjcc h`

pr`-aldejkur`m bdm wjcc h` m`cjv`r`m jd tn` sbo` pr`-aldejkur`m obdd`r), jt js dlt

d`a`ssbry tl s`t-up lr anbdk` pbrbo`t`rs bet`r tn` jdjtjbc stbrt-up.

B]]@D]JLD!

Obi` sur` ylu ldcy us` tn` sujtbhc` pbrbo`t`rs elr `ban arbd`, sjda` tn`r` oby

h` mjee`r`da`s jd pbrbo`t`r s`ttjdks h`tw``d tn` mjee`r`dt arbd`s!

DL]@!

Jd lrm`r tl h` bhc` tl mlwdclbm tn` pbrbo`t`rs erlo tn` ecbsn o`olry, jt js

d`a`ssbry tl idlw tn` pbrbo`t`r pbsswlrm le tn` alrr`spldmjdk aldtrlcc`r. ]njs

pbsswlrm
pbsswlrm snlucm ldcy h` kjv`d tl sp`ajbcjz`m p`rsldd`c.

KVQ le MKVQ Hbs` Pdjt

Nbrmwbr`7
Nbrmwbr`7 VA bdm = pjds @tn`rd`t abhc`

Vc`bs` aldd`at ylur VA tl tn` KBCB^Z JVA ‑HQ r`a`jv`r wjtn tn` aldejkurbtjld

abhc`. ]n` = pjds aldd`atlr js aldd`at`m tl „Q@]‚  plrt ld KBCB^Z JVA-HQ. ]n`

@tn`rd`t aldd`atlr js aldd`at`m tl VA fs @tn`rd`t plrt.

22 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  > tn` Q@] plrt le MKVQ hbs` udjt

Vc`bs` s`t ylur clabc s`ttjdk bs lhtbjd JV bmmr`ss butlobtjabccy. Jt tbi`s 8 lr 1

ojdut`s tl ejdjsn tn` aldd`atjld.

]n`d tbp` tn` KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ r`a`jv`r JV (m`ebuct 725:.80=.2.6) jdtl ylur J@,

bdm ylu wjcc d``m tl `dt`r tn` us`rdbo` bdm pbsswlrm. ]n` m`ebuct us`rdbo` bdm

pbsswlrm br` bs elcclws.

us`rdbo`7‚bmojd‚ 

pbsswlrm7‚pbsswlrm‚ 

b4  Aldejkur` tn` allrmjdbt`s le tn` hbs` stbtjld

Bet`r tn` KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ js aldd`at`m, acjai tn` „X`a`jv`r Aldejkurbtjld


Aldejkurbtjld‚, bdm

tn`d acjai tn` „X`e`r`da` Qtbtjld‚ jd jts suh-abtbclk. ]n` jdt`reba` js gust bs elcclws.

Vc`bs` an`ai wn`tn`r tn` plsjtjld jdelrobtjld js rjknt.

Je jt js wrldk pc`bs` `dt`r tn` allrmjdbt`s


allrmjdbt`s cji` tn` pjatur` h`clw.
h`clw.

Elr Hbs` Pdjt tn` alrr`at allrmjdbt`s7 Cbtjtum`7 5˗5‚8=.:160=‟, Cldkjtum`7

265˗01‚2:.:=68>‟, N`jknt7 =;.016.

28 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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围  : r`e`r`d
r`e`r`da`
a` stbt
stbtjld
jld s`ttjdk
s`ttjdk

h4  Lp`rbtjld Olm`

Jd tn` X`a`jv`r Aldejkurbtjldfs lptjld acjai „K`d`rbc‚ bdm tn` jdt`reba` js gust bs

elcclws, ]n`d s`c`at „Hbs`‚ udm`r „Lp`rbtjld Olm`‚ bdm acjai „LI‚.

围  26 lp`rbt
lp`rbtjld
jld olm` s`ttjdk

a4  Q`rjbc Alo Lutput Aldejkurbtjld.


Aldejkurbtjld.

Acjai „J/L Aldejkurbtjld


Aldejkurbtjld‚ bdm tn`d acjai „Vlrt Aldejkurbtjld‚ udm`r jts suh-abtbclk.

Acjai tn` s`rjbc (alo2).]n` ejrst „Q`rjbc‚  js elr alo2,tnbt o`bds je ylu acjai „Q`rjbc‚  jd

tn` sbo` cjd` wjtn ALO2 tl s`t ALO2 jdt`reba`.

]n` s`ttjdk js gust bs elcclws

21 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

ALO2, 1>=66#>D2,AOX# 

ALO8, 1>=66#>D2,AOX

ALO1,220866,>D2,DO@B-KKB(2Nz)
ALO1,220866,>D2,DO@B-KKB(2Nz),DO@B-WMB(26OJD)〈 
,DO@B-WMB(26OJD)

ALO=,220866,>D2,DO@B-KKB(8Nz)〈 

围  22 s`rjbc plrt aldejkurbtjld


aldejkurbtjld

Elr `xbopc`7 ALO1 s`ttjdk

Ejrst acjai tn` Q`rjbc jd tn` sbo` cjd` le Alo1,

围  28 s`rjbc alo1 plrt s`ttjdk

2= / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

Zlu wjcc k`t jdtl tn` jdt`reba` bs elcclwjdk.

围  21 J/L Aldejkurbtjld
Aldejkurbtjld

Acjai DO@B, bdm tn` jdt`reba` js bs elcclws. Q`t tn` er`qu`day le KKB bs 2NW bdm

WMB bs 26ojd.

围  2= KK
KKB
B s`ttjdk

Anbdk` tn` Hbum rbt` bdm Vbrjty le ALO1 bs elcclw pjatur`s.

20 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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围  20 Hbum bdm pbrjty s`ttjdk

QHBQ 
m4  Mjsbhc` tn` QHBQ 

Acjai „Qbt`ccjt`s‚, bdm tn`d acjai „QHBQ @dbhc`/Mjsbhc`‚. Acjai „Mjsbhc` bcc‚  bs

snlwd jd tn` pjatur`. ]n`d acjai –LI‟ bdm tn` s`ttjdk js alopc`t`m.

围  25 Mjsbhc` tn` QHBQ


QHBQ

`4  Mjsbhc` LodjQ]BX


Acjai „LojdQ]BX‚ bdm acjai „Aldejkurbtjld‚ udm`r jts suh-abtbclk tl kl tl tn` jdt`reb
jdt`reba`
a`
le „Aldejkurbtjld‚. Q`t tn` pbrbo`t`rs gust bs elcclwjdk.

25 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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围  2; LodjQ]BX aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtj ld

KVQ le X]K Pdjt

Nbrmwbr`7
Nbrmwbr`7 VA bdm = pjds/@tn`rd`t abhc`

Aldd`at ylur VA tl tn` aldejkurbtjld abhc` le KBCB^Z JVA-BK wjtn tn`

aldejkurbtjld abhc`. ]n` 0 pjds aldd`atlr js aldd`at`m tl tn` „Q@]‚  plrt le

KBCB^Z-JVA-BK.
KBCB^Z-JVA-BK. ]n` @tn`rd`t aldd`atlr js aldd`at`m tl ylur VA fs @tn`rd`t plrt.

围  2> KVQ le X]
X]K
K udjt

Vc`bs` s`t ylur clabc s`ttjdk bs lhtbjdjdk JV bmmr`ss butlobtjabccy. Jt tbi`s 8 lr 1

ojdut`s tl alopc`t` tn` aldd`at`m.

Ejrst `dt`r tn` KBCB^Z JVA ‑BK r`a`jv`r JV(m`ebuct7  25:.80=.2.6) jdt
jdtl
l ylur J@.

]n`d ylu d``m tl `dt`r tn` us`rdbo` bdm pbsswlrm. ]n` m`ebuct us`r dbo` bdm

pbsswlrm bs elcclwjdk.

us`rdbo`7bmojd
2; / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]
&]`andlcl
`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

pbsswlrm7  pbsswlrm

b4  Lp`rbtjld Olm`

Acjai „X`a`jv`r Aldejkurbtjld


Aldejkurbtjld‚ bdm jd jts suh-abtbclk acjai „K`d`rbc‚. ]n`d ylu wjcc

h` mjr`at`m tl tn` jdt`reba` gust bs elcclwjdk. Q`t „Lp`rbtjld Olm`‚  bs „Xlv`r ‚  bdm

tn`d acjai LI.

围  2: lp`rbt
lp`rbtjld
jld olm` s`ttjdk

h4  Q`rjbc Alo Lutput Aldejkurbtjld.


Aldejkurbtjld.

Acjai „J/L Aldejkurbtjld


Aldejkurbtjld‚ bdm jd jts suh-abtbclk acjai „Vlrt Aldejkurbtjld‚. ]n`d ylu

wjcc h` mjr`at`m tl tn` jdt`reba` gust bs elcclwjdk. Acjai „Q`rjbc‚ jd tn` sbo` cjd` wjtn

ALO2 bdm ylu wjcc h` mjr`at`m tl tn` s`ttjdk jdt`reba` le ALO2(elr Q`rjbc Q`ttjdk,

r`e`r tl tn` hbs` stbtjld Q`rjbc Q`ttjdk).]n` s`ttjdk js gust bs elcclws.

ALO2, 1>=66 (ldcy anbdk` tn` hbum rbt`)

ALO8, 220866, Lutput DO@B-KKB 0NW bdm DO@B-WMB 26ojd

ALO1, 220866, Lutput DO@B-BUX 0NW

ALO= pc`bs` i``ps tn` m`ebuct s`ttjdk

2> / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  86 s`rjbc alo2 plrt s`ttjdk

QHBQ 
a4  Mjsbhc` tn` QHBQ 

Acjai „sbt`ccjt`s ‚  bdm jd jts suh-abtbclk acjai „QHBQ @dbhc`/Mjsbhc`‚. ]n`d ylu

wjcc h` mjr`at`m tl tn` jdt`reba` gust bs elcclwjdk. Acjai „Mjsbhc` Bcc‚ bs snlwd jd tn`

elcclwjdk. Acjai „LI‚ bdm tn` s`ttjdk js alopc`t`m.

围  82 mjsbhc` tn` QHBQ


QHBQ

m4  Mjsbhc` LodjQ]BX


Acjai „LodjQ]BX‚ bdm jd jts suh-abtbclk acjai „Aldejkurbtjld ‚. Q`t tn` pbrbo`t`rs
bs elcclwjdk. 

2: / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  88 LodjQ]BX aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtj ld

Xbmjl

Vc`bs` aldd`at ylur VA tl tn` Qwjtan vjb b s`rjbc abhc`.

Lp`d ylur nyp`r t`rojdbc sletwbr


sletwbr`
` lr ltn`r s`rjbc alooudjabtjld
alooudjabtjld sletwbr`.

围  81 nyp
nyp`r
`r t`roj
t`rojdbc
dbc sl
sletwbr`
etwbr`

Q`t ylur aloput`r s`rjbc plrt7 220866, >, 2, DPCC, DPCC bs elcclws.

86 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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`andlclky
ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  8= alo s`ttjdk pbk`

Aldd`at tn` rbmjl bdm pr`ss „@dt`r‚. ]n`d tn` Clkjd pbk` js snlwd.

Bdm `dt`r ylur us`r dbo` bdm pbsswlrm. ]n` m`ebuct us`rdbo` bdm pbsswlrm

br` bs elcclwjdk7

Clkjd7 bmojd

Vbsswlrm7 bmojd

围  80 jdput cclkjd
lkjd bdm pbsswlrm

]n`d tn` stbrjdk jdelrobtjld sar``d js snlwd.

82 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  85 st
stbrtjdk
brtjdk jjdelrobtjld
delrobtjld

Vr`ss ‚K‚ bt tn` stbrjdk jdelrobtjld


jdelrobtjld sar``d bdm tn`d objd o`du pbk` js snlwd.

围  8; Objd O`du

Vr`ss „H‚ bt objd o`du pbk` bdm tn`d rbmjl aldejkurbtjld o`du js snlwd bs

elcclwjdk.

88 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  8> Xbmjl aldejkurbtjld


aldejkurbtjld o`du

Vr`ss „B‚ bdm tn`d tn` hbsja s`ttjdk o`du js snlwd.

Vr`ss „B‚  bt hbsja s`ttjdk o`du pbk` bdm `dt`r tn` X] lutput plw`r duoh`r.

1;mho `qubc 0[ bdm 86mho `qubc 2o[.


2o[.

Vr`ss „A ‚ bt hbsja s`ttjdk o`du pbk` bdm `dt`r tn` X^ er`qu`day..

Vr`ss „M‚ bt hbsja s`ttjdk o`du pbk` bdm `dt`r tn` ]^ er`qu`day.
er`qu`day. Dlrobccy tn` ]^

er`qu`day js sbo` bs tn` X^ er`qu`day.


er`qu`day.

围  8: hbsja s`ttjdk o`du

81 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

Vr`ss „@sa‚ tl kl hbai tl tn` objd o`du.

Bt objd o`du pbk` pr`ss „A ‚.

围  16 Objd O`du

]n` m`vja` aldejkurbtjld o`du js snlwd.

Vr`ss „H‚ bt tn` m`vja` aldejkurbtjld


aldejkurbtjld o`du.

围  12 m`vja` aldejkur` o`du

]n` m`vja` s`ttjdk o`du js snlwd.

8= / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

Vr`ss „@‚ tl s`c`at tn` rbmjl olm` o`du.

围  18 m`vja` s`ttjdk o`du

Vr`ss „Qpba`‚ elr ouctjpc` tjo`s tl swjtan tl „ ]rbdspbr`dt‚ lptjld.

围  11 m`vja` s`ttjdk o`du

Vr`ss „@sa‚ tl kl hbai tl tn` objd o`du.

Vr`ss „E‚ bt tn` objd o`du.

80 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  1= objd o`du

Vr`ss ‚H‚ bdm kl tl tn` s`rjbc aldejkurbtjld o`du.

围  10 s`rjbc aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtjld o`du

Vr`ss „H‚ bdm tn` ALO8 s`ttjdk o`du js snlwd.

Vr`ss „H‚  tl kl tl Hbum Xbt` lptjld. Vr`ss „Qpba`‚  elr ouctjpc` tjo`s tl s`c`at

1>=66hps. ]n`d pr`ss „`dt`r‚ tl aldejro.

85 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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ky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

围  15 alo8 s`ttjdk o`du

Vr`ss „@sa‚  tl kl hbai tl tn` objd o`du.

1  ]rluhc` Qnlltjdk

]n` BKQQ bdm VMQ syst`o js m`sjkd`m tl lp`rbt` jdm`p`dm`dtcy bet`r jdjtjbc

stbrt-up (ldcy tl h` `ee`at`m hy sp`ajbcjz`m Abtnby D`hucb p`rsldd`c) wjtnlut

jdt`rv`dtjld. Mu` tl tn` alopcjabtjld le tn` syst`o, ldcy butnlrjz`m `dkjd``rs br`

bcclw`m tl olmjey tn` syst`o. ]n` p`relrobda` le tn` syst`o njkncy m`p`dms ld tn`

alrr`at lp`rbtjld le bcc ltn`r jdvlcv`m `c`atrjabc `qujpo`dt ‑ `.k. tn` arbd` aldtrlc.

]njs s`atjld snbcc `dbhc` tn` r`bm`rs, jd abs` le b syst`o ebjcur`, tl m`t`rojd`

wnjan syst`o, boldk BKQQ bdm VMQ, bdm wnjan alopld`dt jd tn` syst`o abus`s tn`

ebjcur`.. Vc`bs` m`sarjh` tn` ebjcur` jd m`tbjcs h`elr` aldtbatjdk


aldtbatjdk Abtnby D`hucb.

1.2 Objdt`dbda`

]n` syst`o js m`sjkd`m jd tn` wby tnbt jt ldcy r`qujr`s b ojdjouo le

objdt`dbda`. ]n` objdt`dbda` js cjojt`m tl

8; / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


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  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

X`kucbr vjsubc jdsp`atjld le tn` `qujpo`dt jd k`d`rbc

X`kucbr jdsp`atjld le tn` aldd`atjlds bdm t`rojdbcs

X`kucbr Ac`bdjdk le tn` sar``d le cbs`r sabdd`rs hy slet alttld acltn

1.8 Eudatjld ]`sts

Bcc tn` KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ r`a`jv`rs, KBCB^Z JVA‑BK aldtrlcc`rs, KBCB^Z JVA‑

VM br` `qujpp`m wjtn bd @tn`rd`t plrt jdt`reba` (oldjtlr).

KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ r`a`jv`r ‚s d`t plrt, KBCB^Z JVA ‑BK aldtrlcc`r ‚s d`t plrt bdm

KBCB^Z JVA‑VM‚s d`t plrt br` @tn`rd`t plrt.

Zlu abd aldd`at tn` aldtrlcc`r hy t`cd`t lr ltn`r sjojcbr sletwbr` udm`r cjdux

lp`rbtjdk syst`o. ]n`s` jdt`reba`s `dbhc` tn` aldd`atjld h`tw``d tn` aldtrlcc`rs

bdm b VA. b t`cd`t sletwbr` `dbhc`s an`aijdk bcc syst`o eudatjlds bs w`cc bs bmgustjdk

pbrbo`t`rs.

Elr eurtn`r jdelrobtjld bhlut ltn`r pbrts suan bs KVQ bdm rbmjl pc`bs` r`e`r tl

s`atjld 8.8.

Dlw ylu br` bhc` tl m`t`rojd` wn`tn`r `ban ld` le tn` aldtrlcc`rs lr m`vja`s js

lp`rbtjdk alrr`atcy lr wn`tn`r tn` lutput js dlrobc. ]nus jt js plssjhc` tl trba`

plssjhc` obceudatjlds tl ld` le tn` aldtrlcc`rs, m`vja`s lr `v`d tl tn` alopld`dts

jdsjm` tn`o. Jt js bcsl plssjhc` tl an`ai wn`tn`r tn` aldtrlcc`rs bdm m`vja`s br` usjdk

tn` pbrbo`t`r vbcu`s wnjan w`r` s`t elr tn` r`sp`atjv` X]K murjdk tn` jdjtjbc

stbrt-up.

1.1 Dlrobc Lp`rbtjld

KBCB^Z JVA‑HQ X`a`jv`r

衮  2 jdmjabtlr cjknt le KBCB^Z JVA-HQ r`a`jv`r

 Duoh`r C@M Dbo` M`sarjptjld

2 V[X 2. LD ” Vlw`r
Vlw`r bppcj`m, dl prlhc`os m`t`at`m.

8> / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ


8. LEE ” dl
dl plw`r
8 VLX]
VLX]B
B 2. X@M ” Mbtb
Mbtb js s`dmjdk
8. KX@@D ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
1 VLX]H 2. X@M ” Mbtb
Mbtb js s`dmjdk
8. KX@@D ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
= BD] KVQ js bt X]I

Hcjdijdk (lda` `v`ry s`aldm)

KBCB^Z JVA‑BK Aldtrlcc`r

衮  8 jdmjabtlr ccjknt
jknt le KBCB^Z JVA-BK al
aldtrlcc`r
dtrlcc`r  

 Duoh`r C@M Dbo` M`sarjptjld

2 V[X 2. LD ” Vlw`r
Vlw`r bppcj`m, dl prlhc`os m`t`at`m.
8. LEE ” dl
dl plw`r
8 VCA 2. X@M ” Mbtb
Mbtb js s`dmjdk
8. KX@@D ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
1 XE LD ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
= KVQ2 LD ” KVQ
KVQ js bt X]I
0 KVQ8 LD ” KVQ
KVQ js bt X]I
5 QE LD ” 
 plsjtjld wjtn `dalm`r mbtb

KBCB^Z JVA‑VM Aldtrlcc`r

衮  1 jdmjabt
jdmjabtlr
lr cjknt le KBCB^Z JVA-VM ald
aldtrlcc`r
trlcc`r  

 Duoh`r C@M Dbo` M`sarjptjld

2 V[X 2. LD ” Vlw`r
Vlw`r bppcj`m, dl prlhc`os m`t`at`m.
8. LEE ” dl
dl plw`r
8 VCA 2. X@M ” Mbtb
Mbtb js s`dmjdk
8. KX@@D ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
1 UO] 2. X@M ” Mbtb
Mbtb js s`dmjdk
8. KX@@D ” Mbtb
Mbtb js r`a`jvjdk
= D@] LD ” 
 DL. 2 Cbs`r sabdd`r js LI
LEE ” 
 DL. 2 Cbs`r sabdd`r
sabdd`r js `rrlr

8: / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

Xbmjl

]n` C@M stbtus jdmjabtlrs br` bd joplrtbdt trluhc`snlltjdk bjm, bdm snlucm h`

an`ai`m wn`d`v`r b prlhc`o js susp`at`m. ]n` elcclwjdk tbhc` m`sarjh`s tn`

eudatjlds le C@M jd `ban stbtus bdm tn` dlrobc jdmjabtjlds le tn` C@M.
衮  = jdmjabtl
jdmjabtlrr cjknt le rbmjl 
rbmjl

 Duoh`r C@M Dbo` M`sarjptjld

2 V[X 2. Aldtjdulus ” Vlw`r
Vlw`r bppcj`m, dl prlhc`os m`t`at`m.
8. Xbpjm ecbsn (0 tjo`s-p`r-s`aldm) ” 
 ” Bcbro
Bcbro jdmjabtjld, lr
X^/]^ er`qu`daj`s dlt s`t.
8 CBD 2. Ecbsnjdk ” Mbtb
Mbtb js h`jdk trbdsojtt`m bdm r`a`jv`m.
8. Lee 
 ” @tn`rd`t
@tn`rd`t sjkdbcs dlt m`t`at`m
1 MB]B ]n`s` C@Ms snlw mbtb batjvjty ld tn` MH-: s`rjbc pbyclbm
2/MB]B8  plrt(s).
= CJDI [n`d cjt, jdmjabt`s tnbt b alooudjabtjld cjdi `xjsts wjtn tn`
Obst`r Pdjt.

1.= @xanbdkjdk Qpbr` Vbrts

Je ld` le tn` olmuc`s le tn` syst`o js m`e`atjv`, tn` `dtjr` olmuc` wjcc h`

r`pcba`m wjtn b d`w ld`. Elr `xbopc`, `xanbdk` tn` rbmjl bs elcclws7

2. Mjsaldd`at tn` syst`o plw`r hy turdjdk lee tn` bjr-swjtan


bjr-swjtan

8. Pdsar`w tn` elur sar`ws ld tn` erldt pbd`c le tn` rbmjl (sjda` tn`y br`

s`aur`m, jt js dlt plssjhc` tl r`olv` tn`o alopc`t`cy).


1. Ps` tn` elur sar`ws tl sar`w tn` erldt pbd`c le tn` Xbmjl Olm`o tl tn`

syst`o rbai.

=. X`aldd`at tn` syst`o rbai tl tn` plw`r suppcy. ]n` rbmjl wjcc h` stbrt-up

bdm h` r`bmy elr lp`rbtjld.

]njs rlutjd` js bcsl sujtbhc` elr ltn`r olmuc`s bdm aldtrlcc`rs. Bcc tn` olmuc`s

d``m mluhc` an`ai aldejkurbtjld. Qlo`tjo`s Jt js dlt d``m`m tl ml bdy bmgusto`dt

wn`d r`pcbajdk b d`w olmuc`. Jd abs` jt js d`a`ssbry tl r`pcba` tn` aldtrlcc`rs,


aldtrlcc`rs, obi`

sur` tnbt tn` pbrbo`t`rs sbv`m ld ecbsn o`olry elr tn` alrr`spldmjdk arbd` br`

16 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

mlwdclbm`m jdtl tn` r`sp`atjv` aldtrlcc`r.

=  Qyst`o jd M`tbjc

Bcc tn` syst`o, jdacumjdk objd `qujpo`dts suan bs r`a`jv`r, rbmjl bdm aldtrlcc`r
br` jdstbcc`m jd tn` hlx. Bdm tn`y br` aldd`at`m tl tn` lutsjm` `qujpo`dt hy wjrjdk

t`rojdbc.

=.2 Cjd` Quoobry

MKVQ BKQQ PDJ]

衮  0 cjd` suo
suoobry
obry le MKVQ BKQQ PDJ]

Dl Eudatjld Abhc` Alclr

662 886UBA-C X`m

668 886UBA-D
886UBA-D 886UBA
886UBA Vlw`r Z`cclw

661 886UBA-@
886UBA-@ Kr``d

66= VCA-]^ X`m

660 VCA-X^ VCA Vlrt Z`cclw

665 VCA-KDM Hcu`

66; @dalm`r 2-B Hrlwd

66> @dalm`r 2-H @dalm`r 2 [njt`

66: @dalm`r 2-KDM Hcbai

626 @dalm`r 8-B Hrlwd


@dalm`r 8
622 @dalm`r 1-H [njt`

12 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

628 @dalm`r =-KDM Hcbai

KO C`et KVQ bdt`ddb XE abhc`

Xbmjl Xbmjl bdt`ddb XE abhc`

KQ Xjknt KVQ bdt`ddb XE abhc`

V@ KDM Krludm c`bm Z`cclw kr``d

MKVQ VMQ PDJ]

衮  5 cjd` suoobry le MKVQ VMQ PDJ] 


PDJ] 

Dl Eudatjld bhc` lclr

662 886UBA-C X`m

668 886UBA-D 886UBA Vlw`r Z`cclw

661 886UBA-@ Kr``d

66= 8=UMA+ Hrlwd


8=UMA Vlw`r
660 8=UMA- Hcu`

665 VCA-]^ X`m

66; VCA-X^ VCA Vlrt Z`cclw

66> VCA-KDM Hcu`

66: UO]-]^ X`m

626 UO]-X^ UO] Vlrt Z`cclw

622 UO]-KDM Hcu`

=.8 Bvbjcbhjcjty

Vlsjtjld baaurbay
baaurbay le KVQ7 2ao + 2ppo (A@V)

]n` baaurbay le butl-st``rjdk7 0ao#obx m`vjbtjld 3?26ao

18 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

=.1 X`strjatjlds

Vr`r`qujsjt`s le tn` MKVQ7 Cjd` le sjknt vjsjhjcjty tl tn` sbt`ccjt`s, lp`djdk bdkc`

erlo bpprlx 256m`kr``9 `c`vbtjld 26 m`kr``.

Obxjouo mjstbda` erlo tn` hbs` stbtjld snlucm dlt `xa``m bpprlx. 1 io
(r`strjat`m
(r`strjat`m vjb NE alopld`dts elr tn` trbdsojssjld le tn` alrr`atjld mbtb).

]n` KVQ bdt`ddb nbs tl h` slcjmcy ejx`m tl `jtn`r tn` objd erbo` le tn` arbd`.

Jm`bccy ld ld` le tn` hrjmk` sjm`s jd tn` a`dtr` mjr`atcy lv`r tn` wn``cs.

]n` hbs` stbtjld snlucm nbv` b hbai-up syst`o, bs tn` bvbjcbhjcjty le jts

alrr`atjld mbtb js b r`qujr`o`dt le tn` alopc`t` t`rojdbc.

]n`r` js dl r`qujr`o`dt elr bd jdacjdbtjld `dalm`r je tn` arbd` js ldcy olv`m

wjtnlut clbm bdm wjtn tn` trlcc`y jd b pr`ajs` m`ejd`m plsjtjld. Qnlucm nlw`v`r tn`

arbd` h` olv`m clbm`m lr udclbm wjtn dl pr`m`ejd`m trlcc`y plsjtjld tn`d bd


jdacjdbtjld `dalm`r oby h` d`a`ssbry pr`r`qujsjt`. ]n` s`dslr eusjld aldtrlcc`r abd

prla`ss tn` mbtb kjv`d erlo tn` jdacjdbtjld `dalm`r. ]n` r`qujr`o`dt elr bd

jdacjdbtjld `dalm`r js bcsl m`p`dmbdt upld tn` aldstruatjld le tn` r`sp`atjv` X]


X]K.
K.

0  Bpp`dmjx

0.2 Hbsja ]`andjabc


]`andjabc Mbtb

Qyst`o jdjtjbcjzbtjld tjo`7 3? 1 ojd

Lp`rbtjdk t`op`rbtur`7 -16¶A ~ +;0¶A

Qtlrbk` t`op`rbtur`7 -=0¶A ~+>0¶A

Nuojmjty7 266%

JV rbtjdk7 JV=0(jdmllr)#JV5;(lutmllr)

0.8 X]K Qp`ajejabtjlds

Qjm`wbys swby le X]K c`ss tnbd 0 ao js bcclw`m, jd bdy ltn`r abs` b sclp`

11 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

aldtrlcc`r js d`a`ssbry.

5  Dltja`s

5.2 Vrlp`r Ps` le @qujpo`dt

]n` syst`o js us`m tl aldtrlc tn` kbdtry tl olv` bcldk b pr`-s`t cjd` bdm pr`v`dt

tn` alccjsjld h`tw``d tn` nljst bdm tn` aldtbjd`r. ]n` m`t`rojd`m plsjtjld js obm`

bvbjcbhc` tl jdt`raldd`at`m sup`r lrmjdbt` syst`os. Jt js tn`r`elr` bd `ee`atjv`

aldtrlc syst`o elr tn` arbd`. ]n` jdstbccbtjld, t`andjabc objdt`dbda` bdm s`rvja` br`

ldcy bcclw`m tl h` abrrj`m lut hy trbjd`m p`rsldd`c.

5.8 Alpyrjknt

]njs obdubc js prlt`at`m hy alpyrjknt. Bcc rjknts r`s`rv`m. Ujlcbtjlds br` suhg`at

tl p`dbc c`kjscbtjld le tn` Alpyrjknt.

;  Cjst le Vjatur`s

围  2 syst`o
syst`o clk
clkja
ja mjbkrbo .......................................................................................................
mjbkrbo ....................................................................................................... =
围  8 ]n` `c`o`dt
`c`o`dt le KVQ hbs` udjt
udjt  ......................................................................................... 0
围  1 Jdstbccbtjld
Jdstbccbtjld le KVQ hbs` udjt 
udjt ........................................................................................... 5
围  = ]n` `c`o`dts
`c`o`dts le BKQQ PDJ] 
PDJ] ............................................................................................ ;
围  0 Jdstbccbtjld
Jdstbccbtjld mjbkrbo le
le BKQQ hlx 
hlx .................................................................................... >
围  5 ]n` `c`o`dts le VMQ PDJ]
PDJ]  .............................................................................................. :
围  ; Jdstbccbtjld
Jdstbccbtjld le VMQ hlx
hlx  .................................................................................................. 26
围  > tn` Q@] plrt le MKVQ hbs` udjt 
udjt ..................................................................................... 28
围  : r`e`r`da` stbtjld s`ttjdk 
s`ttjdk ............................................................................................... 2
21
1
围  26 lp`rbtjld
lp`rbtjld olm` s`ttjdk
s`ttjdk  ............................................................................................... 21
围  22 s`rjbc plrt aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtjld  .............................................................................................. 2=
围  28 s`rjbc alo1 plrt s`ttjdk 
s`ttjdk ...............................................................................................2=
围  21 J/L Aldejkurbtjld
Aldejkurbtjld  ......................................................................................................... 20
围  2= KKB s`ttjdk
s`ttjdk  .................................................................................................................. 20
围  20 Hbum bdm pbrjty s`ttjdk 
s`ttjdk ............................................................................................... 25
围  25 Mjsbhc` tn` QH
QHBQ
BQ  .......................................................................................................... 25
围  2; LodjQ]BX aldejkurbt
aldejkurbtjld
jld  ............................................................................................. 2;
1= / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &] &]`andlc
`andlclky lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ


围  2> KVQ le X]K
X]K udjt
udjt  ............................................................................................................ 2;
围  2: lp`rbtjld
lp`rbtjld olm` s`ttjdk
s`ttjdk  ............................................................................................... 2>
围  86 s`rjbc alo2 plrt s`ttjdk
s`ttjdk  ...............................................................................................2:
围  82 mjsbhc` tn` QHBQ
QHBQ  .......................................................................................................... 2:
围  88 LodjQ]BX aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtjl d ............................................................................................. 86
围  16 nyp`r t`rojdbc sletwbr` 
sletwbr` ..............................................................................................86
围  12 alo s`ttjdk pbk`
pbk`  ..........................................................................................................82
围  18 jdput clkjd bdm pbsswlrm
pbsswlrm  ............................................................................................ 82
围  11 stbrtjdk
stbrtjdk jdelrobtjld
jdelrobtjld  .................................................................................................... 88
围  1= Objd O`du
O`du  .................................................................................................................. 8
88
8
围  10 Xbmjl aldejkurbtjld
aldejkurbtjld o`du 
o`du ........................................................................................... 81
围  15 hbsja s`ttjdk o`du
o`du  ....................................................................................................... 81
围  1; Objd O`du
O`du  .................................................................................................................. 8=
围  1> m`vja` aldejkur` o`du 
o`du ................................................................................................ 8=
围  1: m`vja` s`ttjdk o`du
o`du  .................................................................................................... 8
80
0
围  =6 m`vja` s`ttjdk o`du
o`du  .................................................................................................... 8
80
0
围  =2 objd o`du 
o`du ................................................................................................................... 85
围  =8 s`rjbc aldejkurbtjld o`du 
o`du ........................................................................................... 8
85
5

  =1 alo8 s`ttjdk o`du
o`du  ...................................................................................................... 8;
围  == M`ejdjtjld le hby,
hby, rlw bdm cby`rcby`r  .................................................................................. 15

>  Cjst le ]bhc`s

衮  2 jdmjabtlr
jdmjabtlr cjknt le KBCB^Z JVA-HQ rr`a`jv`r
`a`jv`r  .................................................................... 8>
衮  8 jdmjabtlr cjknt le KBCB^Z
KBCB^Z JVA-BK aldtrlcc`r
aldtrlcc`r  ................................................................. 8:
衮  1 jdmjabtlr
jdmjabtlr cjknt le KBCB^Z JVA-VM ald
aldtrlcc`r
trlcc`r  ................................................................. 8:
衮  0 jdmjabtlr
jdmjabtlr cjknt le rbmj
rbmjl
l ................................................................................................... 16
衮  5 cjd` suoobry le MKVQ BKQQ PDJ]
PDJ]  ................................................................................ 12
衮  ; cjd` suoobry le MKVQ VMQ PDJ]
PDJ]  .................................................................................. 1
18
8

:  Barldyos

X]K7ruhh`r tyr`m kbdtry

KVQ7Kclhbc Vlsjtjldjdk Qyst`o

MKVQ7Mjee`r`da` Kclhbc Vlsjtjldjdk Qyst`o

X]I7X`bc - tjo` ijd`obtja

Q7]`rojdbc Lp`rbtjld Qyst`o


]LQ
]L

10 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.
 

  Q`rvja` Obdubc le BKQQ, VMQ

VCA7Vrlkrboobh
Vrlkrboobhc`
c` Clkja Aldtrlcc`r

BKQQ7Butlobtja Kbdtry Qt``rjdk Qyst`o

VMQ7Vlsjtjldbc M`t`rojdbtjld Qyst`o

UO]7 v`njac` oludt`m t`rojdbc

XM]7 rbmjl mbtb t`rojdbc


Q]BAI 7 B aldtbjd`r jd tn` ybrm, jt abd h` clabt`m bs Qtbai-Hby-Xlw-Cby`r

jdelrobtjld.

围  1; M`ejdjtjld le hby, rlw bdm cby`r

15 / 15 Abtnby D`hucb Qaj`da` &]


&]`andlc
`andlclky
lky Al., Ctm.

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