Technological Institute of the Philippines

College of Engineering and Architecture

Chemical Engineering Department

CE11S5-A22
Civil Engineering

Assignment 3.1.1
Organic Compound Nomenclature

Submitted by:
Rhane Catrine C. Correa
2211060

Submitted to:
Engr. Charles Bonn Kirby F. Mayo

October 08, 2022

 I. Introduction
In chemical nomenclature, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
suggestion for the systematic nomenclature of organic compounds is known as "IUPAC
nomenclature of organic compounds" (often abbreviated to IUPAC). The formal
recommendations for naming IUPAC are not often followed in reality, with the exception of
when a compound needs to be given a clear and absolute description, in order to prevent lengthy
and laborious names in routine communication. In some cases, IUPAC names are shorter than
previous nomenclature. For example, ethanol is a shorter name than ethyl alcohol. For relatively
simple molecules, they are easier to understand than non-systematic names that need to be
memorized or read through. However, the common or trivial name is frequently shorter and
clearer, and is thus favored. Moreover, these illogical names are frequently formed from a unique
chemical source and long names may also be less visible than structural formulations.

II. Research Body

Prior to Friedrich Wohler's discovery in the early 1800s, it was believed that organic
chemistry was limited to the study of chemicals generated as a result of biological processes.
However, organic compounds may now be created in a laboratory from minerals and other
non-organic materials. In fact, the extraordinary characteristics of carbon atoms have been the
focus of modern chemistry and materials sciences for the creation of synthetic compounds,
insecticides, and a variety of other things. Carbon is a component of organic molecules, and it is
nearly always linked to another carbon atom or hydrogen. Molecules with carbon atoms
covalently bound to hydrogen atoms are known as organic compounds (C-H bonds). Covalently
linked chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached are the way of forming the basis of
many organic molecules (a hydrocarbon backbone). This indicates that the presence of carbon
and hydrogen atoms is a property shared by all organic molecules. Different organic molecules
may also contain other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Hydrocarbons are organic molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen that are studied
in organic chemistry. They could be low-melting solids and waxes like polystyrene, low-melting
liquids like benzene or gasses like propane. Hydrocarbons can be divided into four groups:
saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, unsaturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkenes
and alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as arenes. These are all types
of hydrocarbons with various structural make-ups and consequently various physical and
chemical characteristics. Starting from the alkanes, these are saturated hydrocarbons, which
means that there is only one bond between the atoms in these molecules. Hydrocarbons that are
saturated with hydrogen are the most basic. In the case of non-cyclic structures or straight-chain
structures, they are typically represented as CnH2n+2. Paraffins is another name for them. Each
carbon atom in an alkane has four bonds, two of which may be C-H or C-C bonds. Each
hydrogen atom requires a carbon atom to form a connection with. CH4 is the most basic alkane.
Because the carbon bonds in alkane molecules are strong and difficult to break, they are not
especially reactive. They do not contain any functional groups bonded to the carbon atoms.
Secondly, the unsaturated hydrocarbons, or alkenes, are substances possessing one or more triple
or double bonds between carbon atoms. Particularly unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one
double bond are referred to as alkenes. When no other functional group exists, they are typically
represented as CnH2n. Other names for them include olefine or olefin. Alkenes are more reactive
than alkanes but more stable than alkynes due to the presence of the pi bond between the carbon
atoms, which frequently breaks during reactions to produce a single bond. Lastly, with one or
more triple bonds between the carbon atoms, alkynes are also classified as unsaturated
hydrocarbons. Any non-cyclic compound's universal formula is CnH2n-2. As acetylenes, they
are also known. In terms of polymerization and oligomerization, alkynes exhibit greater
reactivity than alkenes and alkanes. Polyacetylenes are the name of the polymers that are created
and they possess semiconducting qualities. Due to their triple, unsaturated bond structure, they
are extremely reactive and easily undergo additional reactions. On the whole, it is concluded that
the study of the classifications of hydrocarbons can contribute to a better understanding of other
functional groups' chemical composition and behavior.
Apart from the differences and classifications of hydrocarbons, learning and determining
the naming of organic compounds using IUPAC nomenclature is also important. The guidelines
for IUPAC alkane, alkene, and alkynes naming are addressed below:
● In the case of alkanes, the longest hydrocarbon chain is chosen and is referred to as the
parent chain. The parent chain for alkenes and alkynes is a hydrocarbon chain with a
double or triple bond. Greek alphabets like octa and hepta are used to name the parent
chain.
● The suffix "-ane" is used for alkanes, "-ene" is used for alkenes, and "yne" is used for
alkynes. For instance, C2H6 is referred to as ethane, C2H4 is referred to as ethene, and
C2H2 is referred to as ethyne.
● In order to get to the double- or triple-bonded carbon atom first, the parent chain is
numbered. Numbers are used to indicate where the carbon atom is in relation to the
double bond. Pent-2-ene is the term given to CH3CH=CHCH2CH3, for instance.
● Greek numerical prefixes like di and tri are used to indicate the number of double bonds
when there are several of them throughout the carbon chain.

III. Conclusion
Given that carbon is a component of all living things, organic compounds are being
considered as essential. They are the fundamental parts of a lot of the earth-moving cycles. Take
the carbon cycle as an illustration, which involves the transfer of carbon between plants and
animals during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Additionally, the majority of the things
that people use employs organic chemistry. Organic materials can be discovered in an
individuals' body, furnishings, home, car, and computer. People come into contact with every
form of life. Organic matter is even frequently present in inorganic substances such as water,
metals, air, and rocks. For the most part, usage and importance of organic compounds matters as
this is already applied to every individuals’ daily living. It is better to expand our knowledge to
the purpose of these organic compounds for the reason that it does help every individual in such
different things.

References
- https://byjus.com/chemistry/nomenclature-of-organic-compounds/
- https://byjus.com/chemistry/classification-organic-compounds/
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Human_A
natomy_and_Physiology_Preparatory_Course_(Liachovitzky)/03%3A_Molecular_Level-
_Biomolecules_the_Organic_Compounds_Associated_With_Living_Organisms/3.01%3
A_Organic_Compounds
- http://www.differencebetween.net/science/chemistry-science/difference-between-alkanes-
alkenes-and-alkynes/
- https://byjus.com/jee/hydrocarbons/
- https://byjus.com/chemistry/alkane-alkene-alkyne-nomenclature/#:~:text=For%20alkanes
%20suffix%20'%2Dane',2%20is%20known%20as%20ethyne.
- https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry/general-introduction-organic-
compounds/#:~:text=the%20same%20method.-,Importance%20of%20Organic%20Comp
ounds,all%20living%20organisms%20contain%20carbon.&text=They%20are%20the%2
0basic%20components,in%20photosynthesis%20and%20cellular%20respiration.
- https://www.thoughtco.com/organic-chemistry-in-everyday-life-608694