Adrian Kenneth M.
Labor
3NU05
DISEASE / ALTERNATIVE
NAME / DESCRIPTION /
CAUSATIVE AGENTS
Typhoid Fever - bacterial
infection that can spread
throughout the body,
affecting many organs.
Amoebic Dysentery
(Entamoeba Histolytica) - a
severe form of amebiasis
associated with stomach
pain,
bloody stools (poop), and
fever
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS / DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS NURSING INTERVENTIONS MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN
● Persistent high ● Blood Culture - done ● Maintenance of fluid ● Vivotif (capsule)
temperature that gradually during prodromal and electrolyte ○ 3 doses: 1
increases each day stage (1st week) imbalance hour before
● Headache ● Widal Test - antibody ○ Proper meal q other
● Body Aches / general test (becomes positive regulation of day
body pain on the 2nd week) IVF ○ 3 years of
● Fatigue ● Typhidot - ELISA kit ○ Adequate immunity
● Cough that can detects after fluids
● Loss of Appetite 2-3 days of infection ○ Assess for
● Constipation ● Stool Culture - cone on the signs of
the 2nd week dehydration
● Maintenance of
nutrition
○ ↑ calorie, ↓
residue diet
○ Do not give
milk, it can
lead to
increasing the
acidity and
diarrhea of
the patient
● Isolation of Patients
● +/- fever ● Stool Examination - ● Control of fever ● Metronidazole
● +/- vomiting amoebiasis (stool ● Maintenance of fluid
● Abdominal pain should be fresh within ● and electrolyte
● Diarrhea with 30 minutes to 1 hour balance
tenesmus, alternated to ● Oral Rehydration Salt
with constipation find trophozoites) (ORS)
● Blood-streaked stool ● Cholera - dark field ● NaCI, Sodium
microscopy of fresh Bicarbonate,
stool Potassium Chloride,
Glucose
● Given in large
amounts as tolerated
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05

and the amount of

intake and loss should
be recorded

Cholera - an acute diarrheal ● Profuse watery diarrhea, ● Stool Culture ● Control of fever ● Co-tromoxazole
illness caused by infection sometimes described as ● Darkfield Microspy ● Maintenance of fluid ● Tetracycline
of the intestine with Vibrio “rice-water stools” and electrolyte ● Ciprofloxacin
cholerae bacteria ● Vomiting balance
● Thirst ● Oral Rehydration Salt
● Leg cramps (ORS)
● Restlessness or irritability ● NaCI, Sodium
Bicarbonate,
Potassium Chloride,
Glucose
● Given in large
amounts as tolerated
and the amount of
intake and loss should
be recorded

Bacillary Dysentery/ ● +/- fever ● Rectal Swab - to ● Control of fever ● Co-trimoxazole

Cholera ● +/- vomiting identify organisms in ● Maintenance of fluid ● Ciprofloxacin
● Abdominal pain (cramping the rectum that can and electrolyte
or colicky) cause gastrointestinal balance
● Diarrhea with tenesmus disease. ● Oral Rehydration Salt
● Mucoid stool ● Cholera - dark field (ORS)
● Blood streaked stool if microscopy of fresh ● NaCI, Sodium
severe stool Bicarbonate,
● Rectal prolapse Potassium Chloride,
Glucose
● Given in large
amounts as tolerated
and the amount of
intake and loss should
be recorded

Viral Hepatitis General: Loss of Appetite ● Liver Function test - ● HEP b vaccine ● Rest
Hepatitis A determine extent of ● Post exposure ● Increase carbohydrate
● Hepatitis A liver damage prophylaxis diet
● Hepatitis B ● Fever ● ALT/SGPT - alanine ● Hep B immunoglobulin ● No alcohol
● Hepatitis C ● RUQ pain aminotransferase and vaccine ASAP 72 ● Antivirals: Iamivudine
● Hepatitis D ● Fatigue ● Hepatitis Profile hours post exposure (Epivir) and Adefoir
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05

● Hepatitis E ● Weight loss (Hepsera), oral

● Anorexia nucleoside analogs
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Headache
● Hepatomegaly

Hepatitis B
● Fever
● Fatigue
● Weight loss
● Anorexia
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Headache
● Dark urine

Hepatitis C
● Loss of appetite
● Yellow skin or eyes
(jaundice)
● Vomiting
● Abdominal pain
● Fever
● Dark urine
● Light colored stool
● Body ache
● Fatigue

Hepatitis D
● Yellow skin or eyes
(jaundice)
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Abdominal pain
● Tiredness
● Loss of appetite
● Dark urine
● Joint pain

Hepatitis E
● Yellow skin or eyes
(jaundice)
● Nausea
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05
● Vomiting
● Abdominal pain
● Fatigue
● Loss of appetite
● Dark urine
● Joint pain
Tuberculosis ● Coughing (lasts 3 or more
(Mycobacterium weeks)
tuberculosis, M. bovis) ● Coughing w/ blood
● Fever
● Night sweats
● Fatigue
● Chest pain (pain with
breathing or coughing)
● Loss of appetite
● Chills
● Unintentional weight loss
Diphtheria ● Pseudomembrane
(Corynebacterium ● Sore throat and
Diphtheriae) hoarseness
● Swollen glands in
the neck
● Difficulty breathing
or rapid breathing
● Nasa discharge
● Fever and chills
● Tiredness
● AFB SMEAR- Sputum ● Directly observed ● Rifampicin
smear (done upon treatment Short ● Isoniazid
rising) Course (DOTS) ● Pyrazinamide
Chest X-ray – to ● Patient is required to ● Ethambutol
determine lung take the anti-TB drugs ● Streptomycin
involvement in the presence of a
● Tuberculin testing- to healthcare provider to
determine exposure to ensure compliance to
TB treatment regimen
● Mantoux Test ● Diet- if with anorexia-
= 0.1 cc PPD read small, frequent
after ● Drug - strict
48-72 hours compliance
= Check for induration ● Rest
● 10 mm or more= Preventive
positive for TB ● Immunization
exposure ● BCG at birth 1 dose at
● 5 mm = HIV/AIDS/ right deltoid
immunocompromised ● Proper disposal of
nasopharyngeal
secretion
● Covering of nose and
mouth when coughing
or sneezing
● Nose and throat ➔ Place the patient in ● Neutralize toxin
swab/culture - to CBR until 2 weeks ➔ anti-diphtheria
identify the after recovery (to serum (skin
microorganism prevent complication: testing needed)
● Moloney’s test - myocarditis) ➔ if hypersensitive -
tests for fractional dose (
hypersensitivity to antidote:
diphtheria epinephrine,
antitoxin corticosteroid)
● Schick Test - ● Antibiotics - Penicillin
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05

works by injecting base

a small amount of ● Tracheostomy - to
specially-prepared prevent respiratory
diphtheria toxin obstruction
beneath the skin.

Pertussis ● Catarrhal ● Bordet –Gengou Agar ● Complete bed rest- to ● Azithromycin

● Patient is highly plate conserve energy ● Erythromycin
contagious ● Prevent Aspiration ● clarithromycin
● Colds proper feeding
cough at night, ○ Small holes
fever,listlessness of nipple for
(balisa) bottle feeding
● Spasmodic/ Paroxysmal ○ Feed with
● 5 to 10 forceful medicine
successive coughing dropper
w/c ends in a prolonged ○ NPO during
inspiratory phase or a spasmodic
whoop attack of
● Vomiting cough
● Teary red eyes and ● Application of
protrusion of eyeballs abdominal binder
● Convulsion

Mumps ● Headache ● RT-PCR and Viral ● Place patient on CBR ● Preventive Measure:
● Fever ● Culture - Used to until the swelling ○ MMR vaccine
● Malaise ● confirm mumps subsides – given on
● Swelling of the ● infection. ● Wear fitted supporter 12-15 months
salivary glands ● IgM serology to prevent pulling (1 dose)
● Difficulty in gravity in testes ○ 2nd dose 4-6
swallowing and ● Soft, bland diet years old
chewing ● Hot or cold application
● Positive ear ache at over parotid gland to
two days and stays relieve pain
up to 10 days ● Patient should be
excluded from
school/work for 9 days
after onset often 2
weeks

Measles (Paramyxovirus) ● Koplik Spots - fine ● Antibody assays. The ● Isolation ● Supportive treatment
red spots with a measles virus ● Complete bed rest ● Anti-viral drugs:
bluish-white spot sandwich-capture IgM ● Adequate nutrition; no ● Isoprenosine (DOC)
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05
at the center found
in the inner cheek
● Fever for 3-4 days
● Malaise
● Anorexia
3 C’s:
● Cough
● Coryza
● Conjunctivitis
● Rashes
● Stimson line -
● transverse line
● along the eyelid margin.
German Measles ● low grade fever,
headache, sore throat
● Forscheimer spots (fine
red spots found on soft
palate)
● rashes (exanthem)–
maculopapular (smaller
than measles) ;
cephalocaudal; lasts for
2-3 days & leave no
desquamation nor
pigmentation
● enlargement of lymph
nodes: sub-occipital, post.
Auricular, post. Cervical
Chicken Pox ● Fever
● Headache
● Body malaise
● Muscle pain
● Unilocular appearance of
lesions
antibody assay- is the ● food restriction ● Antibiotics in patients
quickest method of ● Increase fluid intake ● with complications
confirming acute ● Increase vitamin C & A ● Supportive therapy:
● Keep patient warm & ● Oxygen inhalation, IV
dry ● fluids
● Virus culture or a ● No treatment shortens ● Symptomatic treatment
blood the course of rubella ● Anti-viral: Acyclovir,
test, which can detect infection, and Valazyclovir, Aaltrex
the presence of different symptoms don't usually ● Very little treatment is
types of rubella need to be treated necessary
antibodies in your blood. because they're often ● Bed-rest
These antibodies show mild.
whether you've had a ● However, health care
recent or past infection providers usually
or a rubella vaccine recommend isolation
from others — especially
from pregnant women —
during the infectious
period
● Polymerase chain ● Prevention of ● Immunization
reaction (PCR) to detect secondary ○ Varivax
VZV in skin lesions infection of the skin ○ 2 doses in
(vesicles, scabs, lesions through hygienic adult, 1 month
maculopapular lesions). care of the patient interval
Vesicular lesions or ● Cut fingernails short & ○ 1 dose in child
scabs, if present, are the wash hands to minimize
best for sampling. bacterial infections that
● Antiviral (acyclovir) – may be introduced
reduce the number of during scratching
lesions and shorten the ● Isolation of patient
course of illness ● Cool soda bath/ baking
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05

● Valazyclovir, valtrex if soda paste reduce

used, px will not develop itchiness
permanent immunity

Influenza ● Respiratory – most ● Annual vaccination for ● Adequate rest and ● Influenza Vaccine
common high risk people or for good ventilation
● Fever individuals who wish to ● TSB
● Anorexia reduce chances of ● Monitor vital signs
● Chills getting flu ● Adequate nutrition
● Sore throat
● Bitter taste
● Pain behind the eyeballs
● Intestinal
● Nausea and vomiting
● Severe abdominal pain
● Fever
● Constipation
● Severe diarrhea
● Nervous
● Headache
● Muscle and joint pain
● Fever

COVID-19 ● Most common symptoms: ● RT-PCR Test ● Maintain at least 1 ● Antiviral treatments-
○ Fever, dry cough, ● Rapid Antigen test meter distance target specific parts of
tiredness between you and the virus to stop it from
● Less common symptoms: people coughing or multiplying in the body,
○ aches and pains, sneezing helping to prevent
sore throat, ● Avoid touching your severe illness and
diarrhea face death.
○ Conjunctivitis, ● Cover your mouth and ● Monoclonal antibodies-
headache, loss nose when coughing help the immune
of taste or smell or sneezing system recognize and
○ a rash on skin, or ● Refrain from smoking respond more
discoloration of and other activities effectively to the virus.
fingers or toes that weaken the lungs.
● Serious symptoms: ● Practice physical
○ difficulty distancing by avoiding
breathing or unnecessary travel
shortness of and staying away from
breath large groups of people.
○ chest pain or ● Environmental
pressure sanitation.
Adrian Kenneth M. Labor
3NU05

○ loss of speech or
movement