9-charity

Beauty care

Names of reporters:

Rizalyn s. polles

Queenie jade l. sentillas

Lolita sta. ana

Baby angel jamero

NAIL DISEASES
& DISORDERS
 NAIL DISEASES
 Any nail disease that shows signs of
infection or inflammation
(REDNESS, PAIN, SWELLING, OR PUS)
Should not be diagnosed or treated in
the salon. Medical Examination is required
for all nail diseases and any treatments will be
determined by the physician.
 NAIL PSORIASIS
Nail psoriasis is an autoimmune disease
that causes your skin cells to reproduce
1. NAIL PSORIASIS quickly. It’s a type of psoriasis that effects
the nails on your fingers and toes.

CAUSES
People living with psoriasis may develop
symptoms. It occurs when psoriasis
affects the skin of the nail bed or near the
nail beds.

SYMPTOMS
Potential symptoms include:

 crumbling nails.
 pitting.
 changes in color to yellow or
brown.
 a build-up of skin under the nails.
 blood under the nails.
 the nail separates from the bed.

TREATMENTS
People should talk to their doctor if they
live with psoriasis and notice symptoms
on their fingernails. Treatments may
include:

 strong corticosteroid cream.

 tazarotene, to treat pitting and
discoloration.
 calcipotriol, to treat build-up
under the nail.
 injections of corticosteroids laser
treatment.
2. ONYCHOSCHIZIA/ Brittle SPLITTING NAILS

BRITTLE SPLITTING NAILS

Brittle splitting nails, or onychoschizia, is a
common issue that dermatologists see. The
condition can cause brittle, soft, splitting, or thin
nails.

CAUSES
Common causes of brittle nails are repeatedly
wetting and drying the nails. Though less
common, other causes may include iron
deficiency or underlying illness.

SYMTOMS
The most common symptom is that the nails
break easily. The American Osteopathic College of
Dermatology state people can often tell if the
cause is internal, as the condition affects both
fingernails and toenails. If there is an external
cause, symptoms will typically only affect the
fingernails.

TREATMENTS
The most common remedy is for people to use
moisturizer, and keep the nails protected from
chemicals and repeated exposure to water.
 ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS
Onychogryphosis is a condition where the nail
3. Onychogryphosis becomes overgrown and thick, often affecting the
big toe. It can cause one portion of the nail to grow
longer than the other part.

CAUSES
Potential causes of onychogryphosis include:

 genetics
 injury
 circulation issues
 psoriasis
 ichthyosis

SYMTOMS
When a person has onychogryphosis, the nail grows
very thick. In other cases, a portion of the nail may
grow larger than the other part. The growth can
resemble a ram’s horn, so people often refer to it as
Ram’s horn nails.

TREATMENTS
A person will likely need to see a podiatrist or
dermatologist, to help cut the nail. They may be able
to show the person how to do this at home. People
may need several trips to the doctor to
cut it back and let it regrow. The only
permanent treatment is the removal of
the nail bed.
 INGROWN TOENAILS
An ingrown toenail can cause pain and
swelling, and in some cases, they can become
infected.
4. INGROWN TOENAILS
CAUSES
According to the American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons, genetics may play a
role in the development of ingrown toenails.
Also, there are other potential causes,
including:

 not keeping nails trimmed

 wearing tight socks or shoes
 physical injury

SYMPTOMS
Symptoms can include:

 swelling and tenderness

 redness
 soreness
 pus

TREATMENTS
Treatments may include:

 surgery
 soaking the nail in warm water 3 to 4
times each day
 wearing comfortable shoes
 keeping the foot dry
 taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for
pain
5. FUNGAL
TREATMENTS
Remedies typically involve the
use of antifungal medication.
People may need a
prescription, or a doctor can
fully remove the nail.
According to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC)Trusted Source, it can
take more than a year for
successful treatment
NAIL FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Nail fungal infections are a
common condition that causes
the nails to become thick,
discolored, and easier to break.
Nail fungus is more
commonTrusted Source in the
toes than fingers.
CAUSES
Several different types of molds
and fungus can affect nails. They
grow when a crack or break traps
fungi between the nail and the
nail bed.
Sweat, athlete’s foot, and salon
manicures and pedicures can put
people at higher risk of nail fungal
infections.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include:
 thick nails
 discolored nails that are
brown, yellow or white
 fragile or cracked nails
Fungus under the nails often is
not painful.
6. ONYCHOLYSIS
TREATMENTS
Management varies based on the exact cause of
the onycholysis. Some potential treatments
could include:
 treating psoriasis with oral or other
medications
 treating iron deficiency
 oral antifungal treatments
Prevention is also important. Harvard Health
Publishing recommend people take the following
steps:
 keeping their nails trimmed
 using rubber gloves when submerging
hands in water for long periods
 avoiding harsh chemicals
 treating underlying conditions
ONYCHOLYSIS
Onycholysis is when the toe or
fingernail painlessly separates from
the nail bed. It typically occurs slowly
over time and could result from an
underlying health condition or injury.
CAUSES
The most common cause is from local
injury to the nail. Other triggers
include:
 excessive filing
 exposure to chemicals
 allergic contact dermatitis
 submersion in water
Psoriasis, fungal infections, and
reactions to certain medications are
also common causes.
SYMPTOMS
The main symptom of onycholysis is
the separation of the nail from the
nail bed. This can result in
discoloration of the nail, turning it
green, yellow, or opaque. It can also
cause additional skin tissue under the
nail, nail pitting, nail thickening, or
bending of the nail edges.
 PARONYCHIA
7. PARONYCHIA Paronychia (nail infection) usually results from bacteria.
Bacteria get into the skin through cuts in the cuticle and the
nail fold (the skin around the nail). Most nail infections get
better with antibiotics. Paronychia doesn’t usually cause
serious health problems. In some cases, the infection lasts a
long time or comes back after treatment.

CAUSES

There are two types of paronychia: acute and chronic.

Acute paronychia occurs when there is an infection due to
direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or nail fold. Chronic
paronychia is often the result of allergens or irritants.

SYMPTOMS

Acute paronychia symptoms can include:

TREATMENTS  swelling
Treatments vary based on the cause of the  pain
paronychia. For acute cases, the options may  redness
consist of:  fever and gland pain in severe cases
 yellow pus

Chronic paronychia often starts on one nail and spreads to

 warm compresses others. The nail folds may have the following symptoms:
 topical antibiotics
 corticosteroids  redness
 oral antibiotics  pain
 surgical incision and drainage, in  swelling
severe cases  yellow or green pus
 lifting of the nail from the bed
To manage chronic paronychia, a doctor will  tenderness
typically treat the underlying cause of the
inflammation. This can include avoiding
allergens and irritants. Treatment can take
several weeks to months.
NAIL DISORDERS
 Is a condition caused by (injury or
disease) of the nail unit. You can tell
clients that they may have a disorder
and refer them to a physician, if required.
You can cosmetically improve certain nail
plate conditions if the problem is cosmetic
and not a medical condition or disorder.
 SPLINTER HEMORRHAGES
1. Splinter hemorrhages occur when small blood vessels called
capillaries under the skin beneath your nail
(nail bed) burst due to damage. The leaking
blood becomes visible through your nail.
Splinter hemorrhages most often occur
after you injure your nail, but sometimes
they are a sign of a health condition.

Are CAUSES by physical trauma or injury to

the nail bed that damages the capillaries
and allows small amount of blood flows

SYMPTOMS
The primary symptom of a SPLINTER
HEMORRHAGES is a small amount of
bleeding underneath a nail. You may notice
a dark red or brown line along your nail
groove. The dark streak closely resembles a
splinter. A splinter hemorrhage doesn't
usually cause physical pain.

TREATMENT
There’s no treatment is necessary for
splinter hemorrhages caused by trauma.
Depending on the severity of the injury, the
hemorrhage may clear up within a couple
of days or slowly disappear as your nail
grows out. Because nails grow at a slow
pace, it may take several months for the
splinter-like mark to completely disappear.
 EGGSHELL NAILS
2. EGGSHELL A condition in which the nail plate is soft and
semitransparent, bends easily, and splits at the
end. The condition is associated with arthritis,
peripheral neuritis, leprosy, and hemiplegia.

HERE ARE SOME COMMON CAUSES OF

HAPALONYCHIA:

 Environmental factors. Most commonly,

hapalonychia is caused by environmental
factors. ...
 Iron deficiency. A lack of iron in the body,
also called iron deficiency anemia, can
cause hapalonychia. ...
 Malnutrition. ...
 Raynaud's phenomenon. ...
 Side effect of medications. ...
 Thyroid diseases

SYMPTOMS
Is a condition that can affect the nails is
hapalonychia, sometimes called “eggshell nails.”
Hapalonychia causes your nails to be soft and thin.
Nails affected by this condition tend to bend or
break more easily than healthy nails, and often
split or flake at the end. They may also take on a
bluish tint.
TREATMENT

 Some causes of hapalonychia can be

corrected at home, such as trading out
acetone nail-polish remover for nail-polish
remover that's acetone-free. However, to
treat hapalonychia caused by medical
issues, you may require treatment from
your doctor.
 BEAU'S LINES

3. BEAU'S LINES Are horizontal ridges or dents in one or more of your

fingernails or toenails. They're a sign that an illness,
injury or skin condition interrupted your nail growth.
Treating the underlying cause will allow new, smooth
nails to grow again. Appointments

TRAUMA OR DAMAGE TO YOUR NAIL MATRIX CAN

CAUSE BEAU’S LINES , SUCH AS:

 Dropping something heavy on your finger or toe.

 Exposure to extreme cold.
 Manicure or artificial nails.
 Slamming your finger in a door.

SYMPTOMS
The condition of Beau’s lines arises when the growth of
the nail is restricted at the nail matrix, which is the
juncture at which the nail surfaces from the skin in
fingers. They appear as noticeable horizontal lines, at
times with a slight yellow discolouration like in fungal
nail infections.
Beau’s lines also trigger soreness and pain in certain
instances at the fingertips, from discomfort due to the
abnormally-shaped nails. Beau’s lines can also arise in
the toenails.

TREATMENT

 There isn't a treatment for Beau's lines. But

treating the underlying cause can keep them
from coming back once they grow out. Your
healthcare provider may recommend you: Apply
creams or moisturizers for eczema or psoriasis.
 HANGNAIL/AGNAIL
A bit of skin hanging loose at the side or root of a
4. HANGNAIL/AGNAIL
fingernail.

CAUSES
Dryness of cuticle, cutting off too much cuticle, or
carelessness in removing cuticle.

SYMPTOMS

 redness.
 swelling.
 tenderness or pain.
 a warm feeling.
 a pus-filled blister in the affected area.

TREATMENT
Advise client in proper nail care ; recommend
regular hot oil manicures.
 LEUKONYCHIA SPOTS
5. LEUKONYCHIA SPOTS White spots, also called leukonychia, can have
a variety of causes, including damage to your
nail plate, certain medications, or a fungal
infection. You may have white spots on your
nails if you have a fungal infection or a mineral
deficiency.

CAUCES
 heart disease.
 kidney failure.
 pneumonia.
 iron deficiency (anemia)
 liver cirrhosis.
 diabetes.
 hyperthyroidism.

SYMPTOMS
 Dry skin.
 Brittle nails.
 Muscle cramps.
 Coarse hair.
 Memory loss.

TREATMENT
If the Leukonychia is caused by a fungal
infection then the use of an antifungal
medication, topically or orally can be used to
treat it. Leukonychia can also be buffed away
with use of topical antifungal or nail solution.
 MELANONYCHIA

6. MELANONYCHIA Definition. Melanonychia refers to the Greek word “Melas”

meaning black (or brown colour) and “Onyx” meaning nail.
It is characterized by brown-black discoloration of the nail
plate and the pigment referred to is conventionally
melanin. It may involve single or multiple nails, both in
finger and toenails.

CAUSES
Melanonychia can be caused by inflammatory skin diseases
that affect your nails. It can also be caused by inflammation
due to friction from shoes and biting your nails. Poor
nutrition. Malnutrition can cause melanonychia, especially
a lack of protein, vitamin D, or vitamin B12.

SYMPTOMS

 a black or brown vertical stripe down the length of

the nail.
 a black or brown discoloration stripe that is spread
across the nail.
 deformity of the nail.

TREATMENT

 Treating an underlying disease.

 Stopping or changing medicine.
 Avoiding trauma.
 Treatment of infection.
 Correcting nutritional deficiency.
 Treatment for melanoma.