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18 Annals2005 23 Paleu
18 Annals2005 23 Paleu
18 Annals2005 23 Paleu
= + +
is the
Timoshenko's relationship, which considers the
centrifugal expansion of the shaft and inner ring
assembly [6]:
d
i
- inner race rolling diameter;
d
m
- rolling bearing pitch diameter;
D
i
bore diameter of the shaft;
e
g
c
F
Q
i
F
i
M
Q
F
e
Q
Q
Qez
er
iz
Q
ir
gi
giz
F
F
gir
ge
F
ger
F
gez
THE ANNALS OF UNIVERSITY DUNREA DE JOS OF GALAI
FASCICLE VIII, 2005, ISSN 1221-4590
TRIBOLOGY
99
F
0
e
i
C
C
C
C
C
bi
bf
ei
C
C
ii
if
C
i
C
i
'
"
b
b
'
"
_
_
_
C
ef
- Poisson's coefficient.
T TSR TB THR
P P 2 P P = + , represents the
change of the clearance produced by the thermal
growth of the shaft and inner ring assembly,
TSR
P ,
of balls,
TBR
P , and of the outer race and house
assembly,
TH
P .
( )( )
w m i i TSR
D d T T P =
0
(5)
( )( )
w m e e THR
D d T T P + =
0
(6)
( )
w b b TB
D T T P
0
= (7)
) , ( b e i
- linear thermal expansion coefficient of the
inner ring, outer ring, and balls, respectively, in
m/m/
0
C;
) , ( b e i
T - inner ring, outer ring, and ball temperature,
respectively, in
0
C;
0
T - the temperature of the environment,
0
C.
Finally, the ball and races free contact angle, ,
is computed as a function of rolling bearing modified
clearance, P
d
:
d
arccos( 1 P / 2A) = (8)
In [6] it is emphasized that the thermal growth
of the shaft and of the house on the axial direction,
THA TSA
P P and respectively, cannot be neglected.
The change of the initial clearance on the axial
direction,
initial e
P
_
, is introduced in the computation
of the initial free contact angle, , according to
equations (9), (10), and (11).
) sin( 2
_ o initial e
A P = (9)
THA TSA initial e final e
P P P P + =
_ _
(10)
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
A
P
a
final e
2
sin
_
(11)
Ball and races contact angles are estimated with
de Mull's relationships [3], replacing the free contact
angle,
0
, with the recomputed contact angle, (fig.
2).
The ball / inner ring and ball / outer ring contact
angles,
i
and
e
, are given by relationships (12)
and (13), respectively.
( )
( )
0i z z
i
0i x r
l sin u v
arctan
l cos u v
| | +
=
|
|
+
\ .
(12)
( )
( )
0e z
e
0e r
l sin v
arctan
l cos v
| | +
=
|
|
+
\ .
(13)
The axial displacement of the inner rings
center,
z
u , take into account the axial thermal
expansion of the shaft and house,
TSA
P and
THA
P ,
respectively.
( )
s
TSA i i 0
L
P T T
2
= (14)
( )
2
0
h
e e THA
L
T T P = (15)
where
s
L and
h
L represent the semi-distance
between the mounting shoulders of the two rolling
bearings, measured on the shaft and on the house,
respectively.
4.2. Method 2
This treating considers that the free contact
angle modifies from its initial values,
0
, to a final
value,
F
, corresponding to the clearance after the
rolling bearing press fitting. The change in ball and
races contact angles due to the shaft and inner ring
centrifugal expansion and due to the thermal
expansion of rolling bearing elements are included in
the quasi-static model, according to figure 2.
Fig. 2. Computation of ball and races contact angles.
oe bi ei
l C C = (16)
oi ii bi
l C C = (17)
TB e bf ef
P l C C = (18)
TB i if bf
P l C C = (19)
F i ii
P C C =
'
(20)
THA TSA z i i
P P C C + =
" '
(21)
CF THR TSR x if i
P P P C C + + =
"
(22)
oe oi
oe
F b bi
l l
l
P C C
+
=
'
(23)
z b b
v C C =
" '
(24)
THR r bf b
P v C C =
"
(25)
C
ei(f)
, C
ii(f)
, C
bi(f)
represent the initial and the final
positions, subscripts i and f, respectively, of the outer
race center C
e
, inner race center C
i
, and of the ball
center C
b
;
THE ANNALS OF UNIVERSITY DUNREA DE JOS OF GALAI
FASCICLE VIII, 2005, ISSN 1221-4590
TRIBOLOGY
100
The ball and inner race contact angle,
i
, and
ball and outer race contact angle,
e
, are given by
relationships (26) and (27), respectively.
1i
i
2i
f
arctan
f
=
(26)
1e
e
2e
f
arctan
f
| |
=
|
\ .
(27)
Where
( )
1i 0i 0 z TSA THA z
f l sin ( u P P ) v = + + (28)
( )
0i 0 x TSR CF
f 2i l cos u P P = + + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
oi oe
oi
F r
l l
l
P v (29)
( )
1e 0e 0 z
f l sin v = + (30)
( )
oe
2e 0e 0 r THR F
oe oi
l
f l cos v P P
l l
= + +
+
(31)
5. RESULTS
For an angular contact steel ball bearing from
7206C series, the results obtained with the simulation
quasi-static model show that there is a strong
influence of the hoop stress and gyroscopic moment
on ball and races contact angles and contact loads,
especially at high speed.
For different axial loads, F
a
, and speed
parameter d
m
x N in the range of (0.5 2) x 10
6
mm
x rpm, the possible estimation error (PEE) of ball and
races contact loads and contact angles, introduced by
neglecting the hoop stress and the gyroscopic
moment, is presented in table 1.
The next notations are made:
Case 1:
- axial force: Fa=500 N=ct;
- speed parameter: d
m
x N (0.5.. 2 x 10
6
)
mm x rpm;
Case 2:
- axial force: Fa (200.. 500) N;
- speed: N=50000 rpm=ct.
Table 1. Possible estimation error PEE, in %.
PEE %
Parameter Case 1 Case 2
i
+ 4.5...+11 + 7.8...+8.5
e
+ 22,9 + 26
Q
i
-5.8...-8.8 -4...-8.3
Q
e +2 + 0...3.5
6. CONCLUSIONS
The hoop stress, created by rolling bearing press
fitting, centrifugal expansion of shaft and inner ring
assembly, and thermal growth of rolling bearing
elements, affects the magnitude of ball and races
contact loads and contact angles.
In order to include the effect of the hoop-stress
in the quasi-static rolling bearing analysis model, two
methods are proposed herein.
No matter the running conditions, the hoop-
stress created by the press fitting of the rolling
bearing on the shaft or into the house change the ball
and races initial contact angle, affecting the quasi-
static parameters.
For a speed parameter d
m
x N >1.0 x 10
6
mm x
rpm, the gyroscopic moment acting on balls and the
centrifugal expansion of the shaft - inner ring
assembly cannot be neglected in the quasi-static
analysis.
To consider the thermal growth of the shaft -
rolling bearing house assembly in the quasi-static
model, the temperature of the each element must be
determined.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank their colleague, Dipl.
Eng. Ioan Oancea, for the constructive discussions
they have had on the subject of the existing quasi-
static models.
REFERENCES
1. Aramaki H., Shoda Y., Morishita,Y., Sawamoto T., 1988,
The Performance of Ball Bearings With Silicon Nitride Ceramic
Balls in High Speed Spindles for Machine Tools, J. of Tribology,
Trans. ASME, Vol. 110, pp. 693-698.
2. Cretu Sp., Mitu N., Bercea I., 1995, A Dynamic Analysis of
Tapered Roller Bearings under Fully Flooded Conditions, Part
1:Theoretical Formulation, Wear, Vol. 188, pp. 1 -10.
3. de Mull J.M., Vree J.M., Mass D.A., 1989, Equilibrium and
Associated Load Distribution in Ball and Roller Bearings Loaded
in Five Degree of Freedom While Neglecting Friction- Part I:
General Theory and Application to Ball Bearings, ASME J. of
Tribology, Vol. 111, pp. 142-148.
4. Harris T.A., 2001, Rolling Bearing Analysis. Fourth Edition,
John Wiley &Sons, pp. 1086.
5. Jones A.B., 1960, A General Theory for Elastically Constrained
Ball and Radial Roller Bearings under Arbitrary Load and Speed
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6. Jorgensen B.R., Shin, Y.C., 1997, Dy
7. namics of Machine Tool Spindle/ Bearing Systems Under
Thermal Growth, ASME J. of Tribology, Vol. 119, pp. 875-882.
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Reliability), PhD Thesis, Iasi, Romania, pp. 229.