BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF PEOPLE POWER FOR EDUCATION

INSTITUTE OF ACTIVE EDUCATION I.D.E.A
PHASE II OF PRIMARY EDUCATION

“RELEVANCE OF THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF

PLANTS IN ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION"

STUDENTs:
LOUTTI, Michelle
RASHID, Santiago.
ROJAS, Gabriel
SANCHEZ, Santiago.
SUAREZ, Luis
ZANVETTOR, Angela

Naguanagua, June, 2022

INDICE
PROBLEM STATEMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 3
OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
JUSTIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................... 4
DELIMITATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER II ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Research Background ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Theoretical Bases ............................................................................................................................................... 5
2. 3 Definition of basic terms: ................................................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER III ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Type of Research.............................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Investigation Procedure .................................................................................................................................. 10
EXPERIMENT N° 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 10
MATERIALS: ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
PROCESS: ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
EXPERIMENT N°2 ................................................................................................................................................... 11
ORGANIC FERTILIZER ......................................................................................................................................... 11
MATERIALS: ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
PROCESS: ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
EXPERIMENT N° 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 11
INORGANIC FERTILIZER .................................................................................................................................... 11
MATERIALS: ........................................................................................................................................................ 11
PROCESS: ............................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 DATA COLLECTION AND TECHNIQUES AND INSTUMENTS .......................................................... 12
CHAPTER IV............................................................................................................................................................. 13
RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
TABLE N° 1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
TABLE N° 2 ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
TABLE N° 3 ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER V .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................. 16
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 16
ANEXOS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18

2
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
All over the world plants are planted, whether ornamental or food, and it is gardeners and
farmers who have the possibility and almost the obligation to improve the condition of all their
plants. Therefore fertilizers are used all over the world; in some more than in others. But it is well
known that in ancient times the lands were privileged for planting because they were not
contaminated and were rich in nutrients, but over time and abuse in terms of the indiscriminate use
of these fertilizers, some of these nutrients have been destroyed and this has affected the
environment and human health in one way or another.

This is why this project seeks a before and after in the development of plants, either using
or not fertilizers, so that we can observe whether or not the use of chemicals in plant growth is
necessary. Hence the following question arises: What relevance does the use of organic fertilizer
have in plant growth and in the conservation of the environment?

3
OBJECTIVES
• General Objectives
Determine the relevance of the use of organic fertilizer as a nutritional contribution to the
good growth of plants and conservation of the environment.
• Specific Objectives
1. Research the types of fertilizers (organic and inorganic)
2. To check whether it is appropriate to replace the use of inorganic fertilizers with organic
fertilizers.

JUSTIFICATION
The lands in ancient times were rich in minerals and nutrients; but the indiscriminate use of
them resulted in the loss of many of them. Looking for this, in general terms the use of fertilizers
and fertilizers; to stimulate faster plant growth and food production. But every day these production
methods used by conventional agriculture are more questionable, because the techniques used, such
as the excessive use of agrochemicals, have contributed to the pollution and degradation of the
environment.

DELIMITATIONS
The limitations of this proyect may be present in the time factor, because the plants need
that time to show results, like size, fruits or the flora. Therefore, in the corresponding time we are
going to observe results, but they can be better results with a longer period of time for the making
of the experiment. Based on this, the proyect is developing in a specific time of moths, which is
not extense, maked in a small space with the last updates of two types of fertilizer, with the goal of
knowing the importance of these, about the plant growth.

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 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Research Background
ZAMORA, Frank; TUA, Sunday; TORRES, Duillo. (2008), in their work project entitled
“Evaluación de cinco fuentes orgánicas sobre el desarrollo vegetativo y rendimiento del cultivo de
papa”, reached the conclusion that the plants where the fertipollo and goat manure treatments were
applied, presented greater vegetative development in comparison with the biofertilizer "La Pastora"
(BP); coffee husk and beef manure.
MATHEUS L, Jesus; GRATEROL B, Gabriela; SIMANCAS G, Darwin; FERNANDEZ,
Oswaldo. (2007), in their work entitled “Efecto de diferentes abonos orgánicos y su correlación
con bioensayos para estimar nutrimentos disponibles”. concluded that the buzzard produced the
greatest response in the increase of the population and microbial activity after the incubation carried
out.
VEGA RONQUILLO, Erduyn; RODRIGUEZ GUZMAN, Ricardo; CARDENAS LOPEZ,
Misleidy of; (2006), in their work entitled “Abonos orgánicos procesados como alternativa de
sustrato de cultivos organopónicos de invernadero”, concluded that the application of processed
organic fertilizers (compost and earthworm humus) in cucumber cultivation allowed higher yields
to be obtained. than when cachaça is used, bringing with it economic and ecological benefits.
LO CASCIO, Giovanni. (2003). In his work entitled: “Beneficios del abono”, he concluded
that natural fertilizer allows plants to grow strong, while chemical fertilizer allows plants to develop
faster but weaker. In the end, both subscriptions fulfill the same function.
2.2 Theoretical Bases
To achieve the benefits sought on the relevance of the use of organic fertilizer in the growth
of plants and in the conservation of the environment proposed in this project, it is essential to
develop the theoretical bases, since these allow to acquire the understanding of the fields, or the
necessary information to be able to design it with a correct knowledge of its benefit and benefit.
Manure, fertilizers and soil correctors, manure and fertilizers are responsible for
delivering and returning to the earth the necessary nutrients for the proper growth of plants, trees,
meadows and shrubs. All soils have a certain amount of plant nutrients from the mineral part of the
soil, and from the humus generated by the recycling of plant and animal matter that has fallen on
the surface (leaves, flowers, dead roots, etc.). (www.elhogarnatural.com).

5
 Manure and fertilizers, in nature, the soil is constantly regenerated thanks to the
natural padding created by the remains of plants, microorganisms and animals. All these
organic remains slowly decompose, enriching the soil with nutrients and elements that plants
use for their development. (www.jardinerosenaccion.es)
Organic fertilizers, manure, compost, peat, etc. They provide everything, but in small
quantities and slowly. Its benefits are more like soil improvers by forming humus than as a nutrient
supplier. The only thing that chemical or mineral fertilizers provide are pure and hard nutrients,
neither humus nor improvement of the soil in other aspects as organic fertilizers do.
(http://articulos.infojardin.com/boletin-archivo/6-tipos-abonos-plantas-jardines.htm)
Advantages and disadvantages of natural organic fertilizer, organic fertilizers have the
great advantage of providing nutrients naturally without exposing the plant to the risk of burning it
excessively. And it is not possible to know exactly what nutrients are going to be available to
plants, because the speed with which they are released depends on many factors, such as pH,
temperature and humidity. (mx.answers.yahoo.com)
Current fertilizer systems in Venezuela, Venezuela, like developed countries that
practice intensive high-yield agriculture, uses high doses of NPK with little or no positive impact
on average crop yields. There are several causes that may be affecting the national agricultural
yield: moisture deficit or excess, root depth, inadequate population density, inefficient pest and
disease control, etc. (Comerma, J. and R. Paredes, 1978.)
Nutrients in plants, plants need Macronutrients and Micronutrients. In the group of
Macronutrients, we find Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur. On
the other hand, we have the group of Micronutrients, in this group we can find Iron, Zinc,
Manganese, Boron, Copper, Molybdenum and Chlorine. (http://esjardineria.com/nutriente).

Growth and development of plants. The first stage consists of the germinative stage of the seed, in
which a seedling is given rise with its first leaves, at which time the vegetative stage begins to take place, which
is characterized by the growth of the parts of the plant and their distinction in stem, leaves, roots and branches.
(http://www.buenastareas.com/essayos/Cramiento-y-Desarrollo-De-Las-Plantas/53187.html).
What should we do to conserve the soil and maintain its fertility? The amount of land
we have to cultivate is scarce and must be used carefully and applying appropriate conservation

6
measures. The loss of fertility is combated by replenishing the soil with nutrients and organic matter
that crops and erosion carry away. (http://www.fao.org/).
Reproduction by seeds of indoor plants. When you buy seeds, look at the packaging date
and the expiration date; if they are past, few or none will germinate. If you decide to collect them,
do it when they are ripe. If they are inside a fruit, on many occasions it must be dried in the sun or
in an airy cupboard. Store the seeds in paper (never in plastic), for example, in an envelope, and in
turn, put inside a jar with a screw cap.
(http://articulos.infojardin.com/plantas_de_interior/semilleros-semillas-semillero-semilla.htm).
The production of sweet chili, in the east of the country sweet chili is a vegetable widely
used in the culinary art of the East of the country, as well as in other areas where it has spread. Its
typical fragrance and flavor make it more preferred than paprika in the home preparation of stews,
sauces and soups. (FONAIAP, Juan C. Ohep Gruny).
Effect of different organic fertilizers and their correlation with bioassays to estimate
available nutrients. In the state of Trujillo, Venezuela, there is a long tradition in the use of organic
fertilizers as sources of supply of nutrients and soil amendments in horticultural production systems
in the highlands, mainly using products such as chicken manure, goat manure and manure. cattle
and to a lesser extent compost and vermicompost.
(http://www.saber.ula.ve/bitstream/123456789/27872/1/articulo2.pdf)
Potted trial was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of
six treatments (sources of organic fertilizers): turkey vulture, vermicompost, biofertilizer, cattle
manure and goat manure, with 4 replicates of each.
(http://www.saber.ula.ve/bitstream/123456789/27872/1/articulo2.pdf)
Pros and cons of using organic fertilizers. The pros that these offer us is that they usually
have a natural origin which would not contaminate the earth. These also allow us to acquire them
in many ways, unlike other fertilizers. These come from sustainable materials which means that
they come from renewable materials. The cons of it are limited. We can admire that its substances
are not very readily available for your plants. (http://www.eljardin.ws/fertilizadores/pros-y-cons-
del-uso-de-fertilizadores.html).
Fertilizers increase crop yields, nutrients needed by plants are taken from the air and soil.
This publication deals only with nutrients absorbed from the soil. If the nutrient supply in the soil
is ample, crops are likely to grow better and produce higher yields. However, if even one of the

7
necessary nutrients is in short supply, plant growth is limited and crop yields are reduced.
(ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/agll/docs/fertuso.pdf)
Production of seedlings recommendations, the world production of seedlings has
continued to grow and has evolved notably to the extent that technology has also advanced in
products and equipment and in the knowledge of plant behavior. In recent years particular emphasis
has been given to the efficient use of time, space and personnel through mechanization. Current
research efforts are aimed at improving product quality and consistency and avoiding production
losses. Producers have passed the stage of knowing the factors that determine plant production;
now they are learning new technologies to modify these factors and obtain quality plants with the
desired specifications. (http://guarico.com.ve/?p=1713)
Ways of applying phosphorus to the soil, when phosphate fertilizers are added to the soil,
the root of the plant only immediately takes up a part of the phosphorus. The rest is absorbed
(retained on the surface) by the soil particles. If the retention is not strong, the phosphorus can pass
into the aqueous solution of the soil. (http://www.infoagro.com/abonos/fosforo_suelo.htma.)
Use of urban solid waste compost as fertilizer and soil amendment. One of the ways
that contributes to maintaining the sustainability of terrestrial agro-ecosystems is the application of
compost from Urban Solid Waste (RSU) as fertilizer and organic soil amendment. , since it allows
the recovery of the nutrients contained in them (specifically, organic matter and fertilizing
elements), making it possible to close the biogeochemical cycles and minimizing the negative
impact they have on the environment. Based on this premise, a field experience was carried out in
49 experimental plots located in the Metropolitan Area of La Coruña, to which MSW compost was
added and in which the total content and availability of the elements present in the soil were
evaluated. soil using different analytical methods.
(http://www.infoagro.com/abonos/uso_compost_residuos_solidos_urbanos_como_fertilizador_su
elos.htm)

2. 3 Definition of basic terms:

Manure: It is any organic or inorganic substance that improves the quality of the
substrate, at a nutritional level, for the plants rooted in it
Inorganic fertilizer: they are synthesized chemical substances, rich in phosphorus,
calcium, potassium and nitrogen, they are absorbed more quickly than organic fertilizers.

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 Organic fertilizer: is the one that comes from animal or vegetable waste, and contains
the minimum percentages of organic matter and nutrients.
Compost: is the product obtained from composting, and constitutes a medium degree of
decomposition of organic matter, which is already itself a good fertilizer.
Crop: it is the product obtained from agriculture, and also the set of cultivated
vegetables.
Fertilizer: is a type of chemical, natural or synthetic substance or mixture used to enrich
the soil and promote plant growth.
Germination: is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
Orchards: they are small plots of land, generally walled, where some legumes and
vegetables are grown. They have a well for irrigation and the walls are made of adobe.
Nutrients: are those chemical elements that plants need to be able to grow, maintain
themselves and produce fruits and seeds.
Plants: living beings that need soil, air, water and light; the same elements that the human
being needs to be able to survive, when eliminating only one of them they die.
Seedlings: they are the plants in their first days of development; that is, from when it
germinates until the first true leaves develop.
Substrate: substance on which the plant vegetates, both superficially and penetrating it,
it can be soil or any other substance.

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 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Type of Research

The type of research that stands out in the project is documentary and experimental.
According to Alfonso (1995), documentary research “is a systematic process of inquiry,
collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of information or data on a given topic”.
Documentary: because it was investigated in different bibliographic sources (books, internet…)
According to the author Fidias G. Arias (2012), defines: “experimental research is a process that
consists of subjecting an object or group of individuals, to certain conditions, stimuli or treatments
(independent variable), to observe the effects or reactions that occur (dependent variable)”.
Experimental: because an experiment was carried out that verified the research.

3.2 Investigation Procedure

The procedure was carried out through the sowing of sweet pepper plants with three types of
fertilizers.

EXPERIMENT N° 1
NATURAL FERTILIZER (just land)
MATERIALS:
• Sweet pepper seeds
• Natural land
• Water
• Medium pot
PROCESS:
The soil was added to the pot and the sweet pepper seeds were sown and watered daily (morning
and afternoon) and they did not germinate. Also, a reseeding was done directly on the ground and
when it germinated, it was transplanted into the pot, continuing with its normal irrigation.

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 EXPERIMENT N°2
ORGANIC FERTILIZER (land with sheep manure)
MATERIALS:
• Sweet pepper seeds
• Natural land
• Sheep manure
• Medium pot
• Water
• Potato shell juice (potato shell blended in a cup of water)

PROCESS:
The sheep manure was washed, allowed to dry and mixed with the land. Besides, it was added
to the pot and the sweet pepper seeds were sown and watered daily (morning and afternoon) and
they did not germinate. So, a reseeding was done directly on the ground and when it germinated, it
was transplanted to the pot, continuing with its normal irrigation. Then, as the plant grew, it was
watered once a week with the potato shell juice.

EXPERIMENT N° 3
INORGANIC FERTILIZER (land with fertilizer)
MATERIALS:
• Sweet pepper seeds.
• Natural land.
• Complete fertilizer formula.
• Water.
• Medium pot.
PROCESS:
The soil was added to the pot and the sweet pepper seeds were sown and watered daily but, they
did not germinated. In fact, a reseeding was done directly on the ground and when it germinated,
it was transplanted to the pot, continuing with its normal irrigation. Once the plant was
strengthened, the inorganic fertilizer was added (once a week).

11
 Annotations were made on the development and growth of the plants, the foliage and whether
they are weak or not.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION AND TECHNIQUES AND INSTUMENTS

The technique used was direct observation. It was carried out by planting plants with different
types of fertilizers and carrying out tests to confirm its feasibility.
The data collection instruments used was:
• Note diary.
• Measuring instrument (a centimeter)
• Photographic camera.

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 CHAPTER IV
RESULTS
4.1 Results presentation
Apply different types of fertilizers, organic and inorganic, to plants, with the function of
observing the different qualities and characteristics that they present throughout their growth.
Classifying and identifying the different pots with the fertilizer used from the natural, the sheep
manure and the fertilize.

TABLE N° 1
NATURAL FERTILIZER
(land only)

Date Size Foliage Color observations

05/10/2022 ----- ----- ----- Sowing of seeds
05/15/2022 ----- ----- ----- There was no
germination
05/29/2022 1 cm 2 leaves Light green Plant growth started.

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 TABLE N° 2
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
(Land with sheep manure)

Date Size Foliage Color observations

05/10/2022 ----- ----- ----- Sowing of seeds
05/15/2022 ----- ----- ----- There was no
germination.
05/29/2022 1 cm 2 leaves Light green The growth process
begins.

TABLE N° 3
INORGANIC FERTILIZER
(land with fertilizer)

Date Size Foliage Color observations

05/10/2022 ----- ----- ----- Sowing of seeds
05/15/2022 ----- ----- ----- There was no
germination.
05/29/2022 1 cm 2 leaves Light green The growth process
begins.

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4.2 Analysis of the results.
After sowing the sweet pepper seed in the individual pots and applying the corresponding
fertilizers: container one with only soil, container two with sheep manure as organic fertilizer and
container three with fertilizer as inorganic fertilizer; the days will be allowed to pass to evaluate
the growth and development of each planting.

The progress will be evaluated and documented daily in order to accurately collect the
results of each plant, they will be presented after the required time that they have traveled in their
process. All the results will be shown through the following table.

EXPERIMENT N° 1 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS

It is in the process of germination.
NATURAL FERTILIZER
(land only)

EXPERIMENT N° 2 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS

It is in the process of germination.
ORGANIC FERTILIZER
(land with sheep manure)

EXPERIMENT N° 3 ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS

It is in the process of germination.
INORGANIC FERTILIZER
(land with fertilizer)

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 CHAPTER V
Conclusions
Of all the experiments made with the differents types of fertilizer, we can concluded: The
sowing without using any fertilizer took a little more time to germinate, in comparison with the use
of fertilizer. In the particular case of the chemical fertilizer, we could observed that, even though
we can acelerate the process of germination and sow bigger products, it represent a bigger
ecological risk, because of:
• Overfertilize crops could lead to the death of them,
• Using chemical fertilizer could be dangerous for health. On the other hand, the acquisition
of this type of fertilizer raise the production costs.
When we use organic fertilizer, we could see a faster grown and better development of the
sweet peppers than using any fertilizer, due to the natural way it complements the crop nutrition.
Also, we colaborate recycling the daily use products and let us sow better quality
crops, with no contaminant agents and cheaper supplies, which means higher accessibility for
greater number of people.
Regarding to link this investigation to the “International year of the creative and sustainable
economies” decreated by ONU; we can conclude that this is an excelent example not only, of
how we can recycle supplies of daily use in our lives to improve our home economy by sowing our
own food and fertilize them with other food waste, but to reduce the impact of our carbon footprint.

Recommendations
If you’re planning having an orchard at home, you can consider use various organic matter
for a richer fertilizer, also on internet you can learn how to prepare a compost, which could increase
crops benefits.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Blog B2BIO - Abonos orgánicos vs Abonos químicos: AGRICULTURA ECOLOGICA
(https://www.b2bio.bio/noticias-productos-ecologicos/abonos-organicos-vs-
abonosquimicos#:~:text=AGRICULTURA%20ECOLOGICA,la%20planta%20necesita%20sin%
20conta
minar/)

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ECOLOGIA VERDE (2019) Abono Orgánico: Qué es, Tipos, Beneficios y Cómo hacerlo.
(https://www.ecologiaverde.com/)

EL HOGAR NATURAL. (2011). Abonos, fertilizantes y correctores del suelo. Consultado en

noviembre del 2011. Disponible en la página
http://www.elhogarnatural.com/abonos%20y%20fertilizantes.htm

EXPERIMENTOS CIENTIFICOS. Nuestro Entorno. (2007). Que son las plantas. La Coruña,
España. Editorial EVERGRÁFICAS, S.L.

GRATEROL B, Gabriela, (2007) Efecto de diferentes abonos orgánicos y su correlación con

bioensayos para estimar nutrimentos disponibles.

LO CASCIO, Giovanni. (2003). Beneficios del abono. Biblioteca del Colegio “San Gabriel
Arcángel”.

MIS RESPUESTAS.COM. Tipos de abonos. Consultado en noviembre del 2011. Disponible en

la página: http://www.misrespuestas.com/cuales-son-los-tipos-de-abono.html

RODRIGUEZ GUZMAN, Ricardo (2006), Abonos orgánicos procesados como alternativa de

sustrato de cultivos organopónicos de invernadero.

TENDENCIAS DEL SECTOR QUÍMICO (2021) Fertilizantes agrícolas: tipos de fertilizantes,

usos y beneficios. (https://www.zschimmer-schwarz.es/noticias/fertilizantes-agricolas-
tiposdefertilizantes-usos-y-beneficios/)

17
ANEXOS

18
19