OZAMIZ CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Name:

Senior High School

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Grade & Section:

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 Date Performed:

LABORATORY ACTIVITY Rating:

PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUES

Laboratory Activity No. 2

Introduction:
Animal tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function within an organism. There are four basic types of tissue in the body of all
animals, including the human body. This makeup all the organs, structures and other contents of the body.
Plants are typically made up of roots, stems, and leaves. Plant tissues can be broadly categorized into dividing, meristematic tissue or non-
dividing, permanent tissue. Permanent tissue is made up of simple and complex tissues.
In this laboratory activity, we will become familiar with the main types of plant cells and tissues. You'll look at cells in the ground tissue, dermal
tissue, and vascular tissue of plants. You will also look at cells that make up the animal tissues specifically the epithelial, muscular and
connective tissues.

Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the students are expected to:
1. Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each. STEM_BIO11/12-1a-c-4

Materials:
Microscope slide Laboratory gown  Meat
Cover slip  Compound microscope Celery Stalk
Gloves Cutter Dissecting Pan Unused Needle/Blood lancet

ANIMAL TISSUE ACTIVITY

A. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Procedures:
1. Rinse your mouth well with water.
2. Gently scrap the inside of your cheek with the broad end of a clean toothpick. Discard this material.
3. Scrap again, and spread these cells gently on a clean slide. Add a drop of methylene blue with the help of a dropper.
4. After two minutes, remove the excess stain using the edge of a filter paper.
5. Place a coverslip over the tissue and gently press it with the back of a pencil to spread the cells.
6. Examine the slide under the objective lenses. Draw and label your observation.

Observation:
EPITHELIAL TISSUE specifically __________________________.

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Eyepiece: _________ Eyepiece: _________

LPO: _________ HPO: _________
Total Magnification: ________ Total Magnification: ________

Guide Questions:
1. Describe your observations of the cells in the epithelial tissue under the microscope.

2. What specific type of epithelial tissue is observed in your group?

B. MUSCULAR TISSUE
Procedures:
1. Wash the meat for 2-3 minutes
2. Using a cutter, cut a very slim piece of it (cross section).
3. Drop methylene blue on the cross section of the meat by using dropper.
4. Wait about 2 minutes. But don’t forget it shouldn’t be more than 2-3 minutes.
 5. Then cover the microscope slide with cover slip and place it under the microscope.
6. Set the objective correctly.
7. Observe the cross section of the meat using microscope. Draw and label your observation.

Observation:
MUSCULAR TISSUE specifically __________________________.

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Eyepiece: _________ Eyepiece: _________

LPO: _________ HPO: _________
Total Magnification: ________ Total Magnification: ________

Guide Questions:
1. Describe your observations of the cells in the muscular tissue under the microscope.

2. What specific type of muscular tissue is observed in your group?

C. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Procedures:
1. Clean the slides so that it become free from grease, finger prints, etc.
2. Clean the tip of your middle finger with alcohol and prick with a sterilized needle or lancet.
3. When a drop of blood appears on the fingertip, wipe it away with cotton dipped in the alcohol.
4. Press the fingertip to get the next drop of blood and touch it with the clean surface of slide (placed on working-table) (Fig 5.1 (a)) about 1 cm away from the
right side edge (this be named as the first slide).
5. Hold the narrow edge of another slide (2nd slide) at about 45-degree angle to the 1st slide and to the left of the drop of blood (Fig. 5.1(b)).
6. Pull to the right until the 2nd slide touches the blood. Wait for 2-3 seconds till the blood spreads along the line of contact.
7. Now push the 2nd slide towards the left in a steady but brisk movement. Take care to keep the edge pressed uniformly against the surface of the 1st slide.
Keep pushing until the other end of the slide is reached (Fig. 5.1 (c)).
8. This method spreads the blood thinly (also called a blood film) over the surface of the slide but does not run over the cells and crushes them. You may make 1
or 2 such film (smear) preparations.
9. Once the uniform smear is made, air dry the slide for about 10 minutes.

10. Mark with a wax pencil the region of the smear that is to be stained.
11. Cover the region marked with wax pencil with few drops of Leishman's/ Geimsa/Wright's stain.
12. Leave the stain over the smear for 2 to 3 minutes. Now, add an equal amount of distilled water gently with a dropper and leave it for 2 to 4 minutes.
13. Repeat this process till its color becomes light violet. Air dry the slide thoroughly and mount with a cover slip, using a drop of glycerine.
14. Observe the slide under a compound microscope first under low magnification and then at higher magnification.

Observation:
CONNECTIVE TISSUE specifically __________________________.

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 Eyepiece: _________ Eyepiece: _________
LPO: _________ HPO: _________
Total Magnification: ________ Total Magnification: ________

Guide Questions:
1. Describe your observations of the cells in the connective tissue under the microscope.

2. What specific type of connective tissue is observed in your group?

PLANT TISSUE ACTIVITY:

A. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

Procedures:
1. Prepared slide is provided.
2. Focus the prepared slide of meristematic tissue in your microscope.
3. Find areas where cell division is visible.
4. Draw and label your observations.

Observation:
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

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Eyepiece: _________ Eyepiece: _________

LPO: _________ HPO: _________
Total Magnification: ________ Total Magnification: ________

Guide Questions:
1. Describe your observations of the cells in the meristematic tissue under the microscope.

2. What significant event is observed in meristematic tissues?

B. PERMANENT TISSUES

Procedures:
1. Wash the celery stalk for 2-3 minutes.
2. Using a cutter, cut a very slim piece of it (cross section).
3. Drop methylene blue on the cross section of celery stalk by using dropper.
4. Wait about 2 minutes. But don’t forget it shouldn’t be more than 2-3 minutes.
5. Then cover the microscope slide with cover slip and place it under the microscope.
6. Set the objective correctly.
7. Observe the cross section of the celery by using microscope.

Observation Sheet:

CELERY STALK
 Eyepiece: _________ Eyepiece: _________
LPO: _________ HPO: _________
Total Magnification: ________ Total Magnification: ________

Guide Questions:
1. Describe your observations of the cells in permanent tissues under the microscope.

2. What prominent characteristic do permanent tissues have?

Discussion
Directions: Read the given questions carefully. Write 3-5 sentences of your explanation on the space provided after each question. Your
points would be based on the given rubric found below. Please read the rubric first before you answer.

Analysis Questions:

1. Compare and contrast the appearance of the epithelial cells and the muscle cells.

2. Compare and contrast the appearance of the muscle cells and the connective cells.

3. Compare and contrast the appearance of connective cells and epithelial cells.

4. Do tissues work collaboratively? If yes, give an instance. If no, explain.

5. Why do you think plant have more rigid and structured arrangement of cells than the animal cells?

6. Differentiate meristematic tissues from permanent tissues.

7. How do you feel about the activity? Is it beneficial to you? In what way?

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