Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dalhat ND Arc
Dalhat ND Arc
STATE
BY
___________________ ______________________
Dalhat Yakubu Dallatu Date
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that, this project titled “Proposed Community Library for Sabon
Gari LGA” is an original work undertaken by Dalhat Yakubu Dallatu
(N/ARC/19/01801) and has been compiled in accordance with the regulation
governing the award of National Diploma (ND) in Architecture Technology in
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria.
___________________ ___________________
Project Supervisor Date
(Arc. Ahmad Muhammad Zaria)
___________________ ____________________
Project Coordinator Date
(Arc. Jonathan Luke Bobai)
___________________ ____________________
Head of Department Date
(Arc. Dr. Modi Z. Sule)
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to the Glory of Almighty Allah, who is my source of
everything in life and in whom I put my entire trust. I also dedicated it to my
Father Yakubu K. Dutse, and my mother Maimunat Ibrahim, and to the entire
Yakubu K. Dutse family. I thank them all.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My sincere gratitude goes to all those who assist me morally, financially,
academically and otherwise. To start with, I would like to appreciate my
supervisor, Arc. Ahmad Muhammad Zaria whose correction, criticism and
guidance make this projects a success. My thanks also goes to my department
lecturers; Arc Abubakar Umar, Arc. Abubakar Mu’azu. Arc. Jonathan L. Bobai,
Dr. Modi Zango, Arc.Daniel Yohana, Arc. Lukman Mu’azu, in Different ways
which make this project a success.
I will not also forget to express my gratitude to all my course mates and others, too
numerous to mention for their support, prayers and encouragement given to me
during program. May God Almighty in his infinite mercy bless and reward them
richly and grand us long life.
ABSTRACT
The construction of a library building is of initial and foremost step for designing a
library or info centre because it cannot exist while not a correct building. The
library building ought to be planned. The outside ought to be invitatory and
therefore the interior ought to be engaging. The building ought to be useful and at
identical time aesthetic. It ought to be useful one providing enough area for varied
functions to fulfill the wants. The library building conjointly ought to be standard
and will have the availability of future growth. New coming up with principles
square measure needed to fulfill the dynamic wants of the users of the library of
the longer term. The digital revolution has modified the looks of today’s libraries
entirely. The bulk of today’s data resources square measure of a non-physical
nature and accessing data is additional varied and complicated. The normal role
as quality keeper is one in every of several tasks these days. In this chapter briefly
discussed about why library building should be well planned with basic principle
of library building design and some standards of library building design. Finally a
discussion about space allocation, utilization and management with some new
areas in modern library.
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Library building is one amongst the necessary factors required for the event
of the libraries. Library is a growing organism. It grows in all spares of
service and resources, i.e., staff, collection and buildings. The space
requirement is a primary need and it is determined by its purpose. Two
questions come in mind, what work is to be done in the building, and what
service it will render. Even constructing our privatehouse, we consider
the family members house holdings, function of the family and the future
programs, e.g., sleeping, eating, bringing up a family, recreation, quite and
noisy space, indoor and outdoor and various likings of the persons.
Library has multiple functions and often faced with the problem of maintaining
works and events of the past into the present, and the curiosity of today‘s world
and the future into a space. It is often said that, Libraries remain one of the
institutions that guide her past works, watch over her present works and
welcomes the works of years to come, according to Library Management
California (2004). Therefore, there is need for my proposed Community library
Sabon Gari LGA to have a functional library design and equally adaptable in
order to accommodate future needs of our ―dream library. Redesigning of
spaces in an existing Library is a big task, especially when the spaces have
been statically configured, which might only fulfill and meet the present needs
within the library without a provision to accommodate future change.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This study defines interest in elaborating the fiction which dwells in
interactivity and collaboration in the user‘s mind within the library
environment. The shift in information resources from print to electronic and
services from manual to electronics, calls for critical examination of the
concepts, principles and features of library as space and place. This will in no
doubt position the present library and library of the future in the same line with
the trend. For Academic librarians, architects and library administrators have
to collaborate to ensure library as space and place where convenient learning
and research environment is provided. Library design, whether in the public
arena, collages, schools, office or at home, it is necessary to understand how
humans feel about space and how they act within it. With that behavioural
(psychological) knowledge, it is important to provide or rearrange space so that
it works better for people of all kind and subsequently, employing means
through which people could work better within it, even in the event of ever
constant technological development and advancement. In the same event, it
requires proper design approach bearing in mind the possibility of change in
organization, planning, user ability and adaptability. For people to easily find
what they want in the library, according to Cohen (1979), the interior design
aspect such as furniture and equipment layouts, people and material traffic
patterns, workflow, lighting, acoustics, and even colour should affect how
users and staff work in the library. Interior design and management of library
building determine, to a large extent, the rate of concentration of activities,
accessibility of people and materials. Inherently, a quiet space where lighting is
adequate makes it easier for people to concentrate in the library than in a
perpetually noisy and dimly lit place. This study reviews three elements of
space configuration which in my opinion are as follow: Firstly, a space for
variety of library materials and expansion or addition of collections. Secondly,
it has to be comfortable for both the users and staff. The users should find
library inviting and staff having enough and inviting space too, rather than be
relegated to subterranean spaces and treated as second-class citizens. This is to
accommodate the functionality, aesthetical and behaviuoral principles of
library building. Conservation and utilization of space in the interior of the
library is very important.
A change has occurred in the last 20 years. When we first started we were a
subject based library. Each floor had two subjects. This was pre-internet. We
had big service desks on each side of the floor. We had several staff at those
desks just to deal with the number of enquiries. Around 12-15 years ago we
combined those service desks per floor. So there was one desk.
In 2013 we launched a service where we got rid of all the desks, and
introduced roaming. The staff have a small station with a tablet and mobile
phone. She will roam the floor, answering questions from patrons, wherever
they are in the building. This reduces the number of staff on the floor at any
one time… which is a result of a decline in requests over the years. No one
calls to ask about the answer to a cross-word puzzle any more’. Collection
Figure 2.1: Algorithm for finding various accessible modules (Source: Planning Graph journal 1995)
The hatched cells correspond to circulation areas from which at least one more workstation is
made accessible by the addition of a circulation line in the public service area that experience an
increase of at least one accessible workplace with the addition of a circulation line to the support
service area (as indicated in this figure).
Figure 2.1.1Change of accessibility due to an extended bus network on the home to work (W) via
daycare (D) travel
2.2.2 Book: the physical or electronic units that make up a library collection.
These units are manifested in a variety of formats in which it setting, arrangement,
etc defines the flow of function. Books collection section is flexible in nature and
equally adaptable in function. For convenience, and to emphasize the space
definition in an open library hall, the movable nature of book stacking makes it
adjustable for easy circulation and substitution for other activities within the given
configured space. ―Book‖ is used here as a single term to refer to all library
materials in whatever format. A related term is ―text,‖ which refers to the
intellectual and emotional content of the unit.
2.2.3 Reader: Placing and locating a reader in an ideal environment with required
forms of comfort a library can burst within his reading perimeter, and even
juxtaposition the important of adaptable space creation. A person who uses the
collections and services of a library, require to be provided with configured spatial
satisfactions. These provisions help in spatial interactions with a common interest
in the user, patron, borrower, customer or reader, which is more evocative of the
underlying public purpose of the library and the manner in which people
experience it. The use of the term does not exclude texts in the library which are
experienced by ―listeners or ―viewers. There is a transformative sense in which
texts in all formats are ―read by those who experience them, and it is this learning
experience which underlies the designation of people who visit libraries in person
or electronically as ―readers.
Figure 2.3: Graphical illustration of a reader in adaptable and configure space. (Source: Green Pole 2000)
2.2.5 Wayfinding: the act of navigating from one place to another within a
configured space, generally in a built environment such as a city or building.
Wayfinding involves activities such as orienting to the environment, deciding on a
route, monitoring progress on the route, and recognizing the destination. In the
library servicescapk layout, lighting, architectural features, and signage all
contribute to the system which supports reader wayfinding. Access services staff
frequently provide wayfinding assistance to readers and deal with failures in a
library‘s wayfinding system.).
2.3 APPROACHES TO SPACE CONFIGURATION USING ANALYTICAL
TOOL.
Qualitative Spatial Representation according to Smith White (2003) is analytical
tool use for space evaluation and magnitude of its configurative. There are many
different approaches within the Qualitative Spatial Representation (QSP), a space
analytical tool. This tool tried to identify the various modes, dimensions, grids,
transformational needs and formation of structured space. The tool is said to
further show how its usability can be configured and designed in order to create a
state where the configured space would be easily adaptable for present and future
changes in Public Library. Therefore, it is important at this junction to look at
some of the space determinants and representation. Qualitative Spatial
Representations (QSR) addresses different hierarchy of space namely, topology,
orientation, shape, size and distance.
2.3.1 Topology:
Topology is perhaps the most elemental aspect of space. Topology must form a
fundamental aspect of qualitative spatial reasoning since it certainly can only make
qualitative distinctions. Topology has been studied extensively within the
mathematical literature. However much of it is too abstract to be of relevance to
those attempting to formalize common-sense spatial reasoning. Although various
qualitative spatial theories have been influenced by mathematical topology, there
are number of reasons why such a wholesale importation seems undesirable in
general [Gotts et al., 1996].
2.4 ADAPTABILITY OF LIBRARY SPACE, FUTURE USE AND
ORGANIZATION: OPPORTUNITIES OR CONSTRAINTS?
2.7CLASSIFICATION OF LIBRARIES
Library collection is varied as are their purposes and clientele. Most developed
nations have libraries of several types. Generally, all libraries of one type within a
country are linked through professional associations and lending agreements
Libraries of different types are connected through a number of interlibrary systems,
through loan arrangements, and through other cooperative programmes.
There are two ways in which libraries can be classified
Institutional framework (ownership or purpose): e.g. national, country or
municipal, academic research, industrial, club, private etc.
Contents (specialty) e.g. special libraries [including architecture, medicine,
law, theology, science, music etc.
With advancement in science and technology there has been witnessed and still
continuing, a great change in library operations recently especially in the areas of
production, acquisition, preservation and presentation of millions of tons of
volume of library material in different forms at the same time with ease.
Libraries today have been categorized into different areas or specialization due to
their advancement, sophistication and intuitional frame work:
Fig. 1: Showing the front view of Zaria Public Library Fig. 2: Showing the librarian office
Fig. 3: Showing the children section Fig. 4: Showing the adult section
DEMERITS:
Entrance not well defined
Insufficient Landscape
Improper use of hard land scape
Inappropriate space location
Lack of escape route.
Fig. 1: Showing the front view of Zaria Public Library Fig. 2: Showing the librarian office
Fig. 3: Showing the children section Fig. 4: Showing the adult section
DESIGN BRIEF
With inevitable need of energy for social and economic development, Nigeria still
cannot satisfy its basic energy demands. This serious problem of economic
development is a major concern for our nation and therefore efforts are being made
to improve the economic situation, which brought of the need for Community
Library design in Sabon Gari L.G.A, Kaduna state Nigeria.
The proposed Community Library is to cater for the, needs of Sabon Gari L.G.A
and the immediate community.
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Months
Temperature; the temperature is low in the month of January and increases in the
month of March; buffers should be planted to reduce the effect of high
temperature.
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
Levels
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Months
The topography of the site is relatively plane the site has very gentle slope that is
hardly noticeable with the naked eye and has no hill or out crops. There are no
depression on the site the gradient slopes towards the South of the site.
SUNSHINE
The site experience considerable amount of sunshine in the month of January,
February, March and increase to its peak in the month of May which later drops
gradually to the lowest in the month of December.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The relative humidity is low in the months of January-August and increase to its
peak in September to November.
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
Levels
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Months
VEGETATION
This site consists of low grass and trees typically of terrain forest region (NOSIR).
While some will be cleared others will be retained as landscape and buffers against
noise from glare.
SERVICES
There is a public power supply network of overhead power lines within the school.
There is a network of water mains too. However, Water can be source nearby from
an existing borehole and stream near the site. There is also functional telephone
network but there is network coverage of G S M telephone by different service
providers.
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
The existing site has electrical poles with electricity of 11kv passing along the
main access road. This will be convenient to tap electricity to the site.