types of rocks

Learning competency

Classify rocks into igneous,

sedimentary and
metamorphic. S11/12ES-Ib-10
Rocks are mixtures, or aggregates, of
different minerals. Rocks are solid materials
that comprise most of Earth. They form the
landscape and provide us with valuable
resources. Generally, rocks can be divided
into three major types based on the process
of their formation.
3 types of rocks

igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks.
 igneous rocks
An igneous rock is formed by
the hardening and
crystallization of molten
material that originates from
deep within the earth. The rock
material is called magma.
 igneous rocks
An igneous rock is divided
into 2 groups:
extrusive
intrusive
 igneous rocks - extrusive
Extrusive rocks form when magma flows
onto the surface of the earth or floor of
the ocean through deep cracks or
fissures 11 and at volcanic vents. The
magma then cools and hardens.
 igneous rocks - extrusive
Extrusive rocks form when magma flows
onto the surface of the earth or floor of
the ocean through deep cracks or
fissures 11 and at volcanic vents. The
magma then cools and hardens.
igneous rocks - extrusive

Extrusive rocks have finer

grained texture than intrusive
rocks.
igneous rocks - extrusive

Extrusive rocks have finer

grained texture than intrusive
rocks.
igneous rocks - intrusive
An intrusive rock results
when magma solidifies
beneath the earth's
surface.
 igneous rocks - intrusive

Intrusive rocks vary from

thin sheets to huge,
irregular masses.
 igneous rocks
Examples of igneous rocks are
Andecite, Basalt, Dacite, Diabase,
Diorite, Gabbro, Granite, obsidian,
Pegmatite, Pumice, Peridotite,
Rhyolite, Scoria, Tuff, Unakite
 igneous rocks

Andecite
 igneous rocks

Basalt
 igneous rocks

Dacite
 igneous rocks

Diabase
 igneous rocks

Diorite
 igneous rocks

Gabbro
 igneous rocks

Granite
 igneous rocks

Obsidian
 igneous rocks

Pegmatite
 igneous rocks

Peridotite
 igneous rocks

Pumice
 igneous rocks

Rhyolite
 igneous rocks

Scoria
 igneous rocks

Tuff
 igneous rocks

Unakite
 sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks develop

from sediments. Sediments are
tiny grains of dirt, sand, mud
and clay weathered or worn off
rocks.
 sedimentary rocks

These are then washed into streams,

rivers, lakes and oceans and they settle
in the bottom of these bodies of water.
Minerals in the water and very tiny sea
animals become mixed with the dirt and
sand to form layers of sediment.
 sedimentary rocks

Every day more sediments are added.

After thousands and millions of years
deep accumulations of sediment are
produced. The weight and pressure from
the upper layers turn the sediment in the
bottom into sedimentary rocks.
 sedimentary rocks

Examples of sedimentary rocks are

Breccia, Caliche, Chalk, Chert, Coal,
Conglomerate, Diatomite, Dolomite,
Flint, Iron Ore, Limestone, Shale and
Sandstone. The Island of Cebu is famous
for its limestone and dolomite deposits.
 sedimentary rocks

Breccia
 sedimentary rocks

Caliche
 sedimentary rocks

Chalk
 sedimentary rocks

Chert
 sedimentary rocks

Coal
 sedimentary rocks

Conglomerate
 sedimentary rocks

Diatomite
 sedimentary rocks

Flint
 sedimentary rocks

Iron Ore
 sedimentary rocks

Limestone
 sedimentary rocks

Shale
 sedimentary rocks

Sandstone
 metamorphic rocks

These rocks can come from

igneous rocks, sedimentary
rocks or even from other
metamorphic rocks.
 metamorphic rocks
When a rock is subjected to high
temperature, high pressure and chemically
active fluids, it becomes unstable and
begins to re-crystallize into different stable
minerals. This causes change in the
composition of the rock as well as the rock
type.
 metamorphic rocks
Examples of metamorphic rocks include
Amphibolite, Anthracite, Gneiss, Hornfels,
Lapis Lazuli, Marble, Mariposite, Novaculite,
Phylite, Quartzite, Schist, Skarn, Slate,
Soapstone The Island of Romblon is famous
for its marble rocks. Mindoro Island has
marble rocks too.
 metamorphic rocks

Amphibolite
 metamorphic rocks

Gneiss
 metamorphic rocks

Hornfels
 metamorphic rocks

Lapis Lazuli
 metamorphic rocks

Marble
 metamorphic rocks

Mariposite
 metamorphic rocks

Novaculite
 metamorphic rocks

Phylite
 metamorphic rocks

Schist
 metamorphic rocks

Skarn
 metamorphic rocks

Slate
 metamorphic rocks

Soapstone
 metamorphic rocks

Soapstone
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

1. Crystals
-small, flat surfaces that
are shiny or sparkly, like
tiny mirrors.
Key Characteristics of Rocks
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

2. Fossils
-imprints of leaves, shells,
insects, or other items in
the rock.
Key Characteristics of Rocks
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

3. Gas bubbles
-"Holes," like Swiss cheese,
in the rock
Key Characteristics of Rocks
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

4. Glassy surface
-a shiny and smooth
surface, like colored glass
Key Characteristics of Rocks
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

5. Ribbonlike layers
-straight or wavy stripes of
different colors in the rock
Key Characteristics of Rocks
 Key Characteristics of Rocks

6. Sand or pebbles
-individual stones,
pebbles, or sand grains
visible in the rock
Processes in the Rock Cycle
Weathering & Erosion
Compacting & Cementing
Heat & Pressure
Melting
Cooling
 Supply the Needed Data
Rock Description Classification
Rhyolite
Marble
Basalt
Diatomite
Quartizite
Chalk
Shale
Bitumenous
 Assignment
1. Discuss the following:
a. Weathering
 Chemical and mechanical weathering
 Factors affecting weathering.
b. Erosion and Deposition
c. Agents of Erosion
2. Explain how the products of weathering are carried away by erosion and
deposited elsewhere.
3. Describe where the Earth’s internal heat comes from.
4. Prepare for a written TEST next week about types of rocks, weathering,
erosion, and deposition, and earth’s internal heat.