NEPAL

Asian Studies
  Intro & History
 Political Institution/
Contents of the Government
Presentation  Religion
 Social Stratification
 About Nepal
Nepal, country of Asia, lying along the southern
slopes of the Himalayan mountain ranges. It is
landlocked country located between India to the
east, south and west and the Tibet Autonomous
Region of China to the north. Its territory extends
roughly 500 miles (800 kilometres) from east to
west and 90 to 150 miles from north to south. The
total surface area of Nepal is at 147, 181 square
Capital : Kathmandu kilometres which converts to approximately 56,
Population : 30, 095,768 826.90 square miles.
GDP: 33.66 billion USD
(2020) Nepal is the oldest country in South Asia.
It is also the country who has the most unique
national flag in the whole world.
Map
 History
• Over 2,800 years back, the initial history of Nepal was
recorded when a kinfolk of Mongolian people-the Kiratis
arrived in the Himalayan territory, across the Tibetan
Plateau. From the Indus plains, the Buddhist Shakyas are
accredited with introducing Mahayana Buddhism to Nepal
and it became the main religion.
• The Licchavis and the Guptas arrived in Nepal from
northern parts of India, in around 300 BCE, the
newcomers ousted the Kiratis progenies and ushered in
Hinduism as the official religion of the country and
alternated power.
• In the 10th century the Kasthmandap (Holy Place of Wood)
was built under Thakuri dynasty, which has arisen to be
known as Kathmandu later.
• Nepal was ruled by Thakuri dynasty for three centuries and the 12th century carried
the Malla dynasty. Foremost of the Malla rulers, King Ariveda’s reign was considered
to be one of great wealth and prosperity for the Himalayan Kingdom. However, the
Malla dynasty lost control within a century over large parts of the country, which
divided into small city-states. It was nearly 100 years later when another Malla king
took charge of the country.
• In the Gorkha Kingdom, Prithvi Narayan Shah born in Gorkha set about to unify the
many princely states in reaction to colonialism. He gradually stretched his power until
finally, in 1768, he captured the Kathmandu Valley and establish the modern nation of
Nepal.
• Twenty years later, war broke out between Nepal and China over Tibet. Lasting nearly
a decade, the Nepalese were defeated and forced to sign a treaty that obligated them
to pay annual homage to the Chinese.
• Nepal also fought the British who had been conquering territory in India. Nepal was
defeated and lost much of its territory to the British in the war of 1814-1816.
• The Shas sustained to be the rulers of Nepal until 1846. They lost power to
powerful Rana family, gigantic landowners from the west. Rana, Jung Bahadur,
plotted the infamous Kot Massacre and assassinated all the court and political
leaders of Nepal. He stated himself as the prime minister and took all the
governmental power from the monarch.
• After the Indian independence in 1947, Nepali congress divisions in India
launched a trickery revolution to overthrow the Ranas. In 1950, King Tribhuvan
absconded to India, and an armed revolt trailed. Under pressure from India, the
Ranas were overthrown and Tribhuvan Shah became absolute monarch again, but
he passed away in 1955. His son, Mahendra, succeeded him.
• Nepal was not excited to return to an authoritarian monarchy. Kneeling on
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pressure, King Mahendra instilled a constitutional parliamentary system. In 1959,
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for the first time-the elections were held under this system and Nepali Congress
leader B.P. Koirala became the first elected prime minister of Nepal.
Political Institution/
Government
Nepal is a federal democratic republic.
On May 28, 2008, the newly elected
Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a
Federal Democratic Republic,
abolishing the 240 year-old monarchy.
Nepal today has a President as Head
of State and a Prime Minister heading
the Government.

Current President: Bidhya Devi Bhandari

Current Prime Minister: Sher Bahadur Deuba
Religion
The main religion in Nepal is Hinduism
practiced by almost 82% population of the
country. Nepal is the most religious Hindu
country in the world, home to most
important Hindu pilgrimage centers, the
main being world-famous Pashupatinath
Temple.

The other major religions followed in

Nepal are Buddhism, Islam, Kiratism,
Christianity, Sikhism, Bahai and some
minority religions.
Social Stratification
The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of
social stratification of Nepal. The Nepalese caste system
broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram
model, consisting of four broad social classes or varna:
Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra.
This Presentation is Prepared by
Hebreo, Alexa Joy