Lecture 27 - ME 413 - 22 Jan 2018 - Baghouse

ME 413: Energy and Environment Md.
Ashiqur Rahman
Lecture: 27
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000
ashiqurrahman@me.buet.ac.bd
ME 413: Energy and Environment Md. Ashiqur Rahman
Topics discussed in the last class

o Basic features
o Working principle
o Advantages/limitations
o Design variables of Baghouse
2
Design Variables of Baghouse

o The design of an industrial baghouse involves consideration of
many factors including
o Pressure drop (suction pressure and static resistance)
o Air-to-cloth ratio
o Collection efficiency
o Filter drag
o Air velocity/Minimum conveying velocity
o Primary and secondary collection sources

o Space restriction,
o Cleaning method,
o Fabric construction
➢ All design factors must be weighed carefully in choosing the

most appropriate baghouse design. 3
Design Variables of Baghouse
o Pressure Drop:
o Describes the resistance to air flow across the baghouse, a very

important variable of baghouse design.
o Usually expressed in mm of mercury or inches of water.
o In a baghouse, the total pressure drop is the sum of the pressure

drops across the filter housing and across the dust-laden fabric.
o The pressure drop across the housing is proportional to the

square of the gas-flow rate due to turbulence.
o The pressure drop across the dust-laden fabric is the sum of

the pressure drop across the clean fabric and the pressure
drop across the dust cake.
4
Design of Baghouse
o Pressure Drop:
o Static pressure or static resistance is a measurement of

resistance generated by the ductwork and the filters in
baghouse.
o If the suction pressure generated by the fan is NOT
sufficient to overcome the static resistance of the ductwork
and of the filters (pressure drop), several problems will
arise.
o The system will suffer a loss of suction at the collection
points (creating inadequate venting) and the air speed
in the ductwork will drop causing product dropout.
5
Design of Baghouse
o Pressure Drop:
o The pressure drop across the filter can be predicted by

Darcy’s law governing the flow of fluids through porous
medium
o k1 is a function of the viscosity of the exhaust gas and filter

characteristics such as porosity and thickness.
6
Design of Baghouse
o Pressure Drop:
o The pressure drop across the deposited dust cake can be

estimated the following equation (which is also derived from
Darcy’s law)
7
Design of Baghouse
o Pressure Drop:
o k2 is the dust-fabric filter resistance coefficient and is

determined experimentally.
o It depends on gas viscosity, particle density, size of the

dust particles, dust porosity etc.
o If the particles are very small (<2 μm), the value of k2 is

high.
o If k2 is high, pressure drop is increased and the bags

need to be cleaned more frequently.
8
Design of Baghouse
o Total Pressure Drop:
o When the dust cake builds up to a significant thickness, the

pressure drop will become exceedingly high (>10 inch of
water). At this time, the filter must be cleaned.
o Some dust will remain on the cloth even after cleaning, so the
filter resistance will be higher than the original initial condition.
o A baghouse filter is normally operated with the pressure

drop range of 4 inch to 10 inch of water (6 inch is common
for many units).
9
Design of Baghouse
o Filter Drag:
o Filter drag is the filter resistance across the filter-dust layer.

It is expressed as the pressure drop per unit velocity.
10
Design of Baghouse
o Filter Drag:
Performance curve of a single woven bag

o Cr is the residual drag of the clean filter medium.
o The filter drag increases exponentially initially (cake repair or initial
cake buildup) and then to a constant rate of increase.
o Effective filtration takes place when the filter drag increases at a
constant rate. 11
Design of Baghouse
o Filter Drag:
o When the total pressure drop reaches a pre-set value, bag cleaning
initiates.
o The pressure drop decreases almost vertically to the initial point.
o Cake repair begins again when the cleaning stops and the cycle
12
repeats.
Design of Baghouse
o Filter Drag:
o Baghouses are designed to remove most of the dust cake

during the cleaning process, but some dust will remain on the
bags.
o If the bags are cleaned too efficiently, the cake repair period
13
will be long, lessening the overall effective filtration time.
Design of Baghouse
o Filter Drag:
Overall pressure drop of baghouse in

different cycles
14
Design of Baghouse
o Air-to-cloth (A/C) Ratio:
o Also referred to as the “Face velocity”, “Filtration velocity”,
“Gas to cloth ratio” or “Media ratio”. It is the volume flow of
gas received by a baghouse divided by the total area of the
filtering cloth.
o It is defined as the ratio of gas filtered (ft3/min or cfm) to the

area of the filtering media (sq. feet).
o The air-to-cloth ratio determines the unit size and thus,15 the
capital cost.
Design of Baghouse
o Proper air-to-cloth (A/C) ratio is the key parameter for
proper design.
o Reverse-air fabric filters have the lowest A/C ratios, then
shakers, and pulse-jet baghouses have the highest.
o Higher air-to-cloth ratio mean less fabric, so less capital cost.
o However, too high an A/C ratio results in excessive pressure
drops, reduced collection efficiency, and rapid wear.
o High pressure drop means higher energy requirement.
o More frequent bag cleanings may be required, thus
increasing the downtime.
o The fabric would not be able to withstand the stress from
very high filtering rates and could cause premature bag
deterioration. 16
Design of Baghouse
o Generally, the smaller a particle diameter is, the more difficult it

is to filter, thereby requiring a lower A/C value.
o The baghouse unit must have a sufficient number of filters. As
more air is pushed through the same amount of filter material,
the collection efficiency goes down.
o Maintaining an adequate air to cloth ratio enables the
baghouse to operate at peak efficiencies, collecting more
than 99.9% all dust particles that pass through it.
o Therefore, baghouses should be operated within a reasonable

design A/C ratio range.
17
ME 413: Energy and Environment Md. Ashiqur Rahman 18
Thank You!

Lecture 27 - ME 413 - 22 Jan 2018 - Baghouse

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ME 413: Energy and Environment Md.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Topics discussed in the last class

o Design variables of Baghouse

Design Variables of Baghouse

o Primary and secondary collection sources

➢ All design factors must be weighed carefully in choosing the

Design Variables of Baghouse

o Describes the resistance to air flow across the baghouse, a very

o In a baghouse, the total pressure drop is the sum of the pressure

o The pressure drop across the housing is proportional to the

o The pressure drop across the dust-laden fabric is the sum of

o Static pressure or static resistance is a measurement of

o The pressure drop across the filter can be predicted by

o k1 is a function of the viscosity of the exhaust gas and filter

o The pressure drop across the deposited dust cake can be

o k2 is the dust-fabric filter resistance coefficient and is

o It depends on gas viscosity, particle density, size of the

o If the particles are very small (<2 μm), the value of k2 is

o If k2 is high, pressure drop is increased and the bags

o When the dust cake builds up to a significant thickness, the

o A baghouse filter is normally operated with the pressure

o Filter drag is the filter resistance across the filter-dust layer.

Performance curve of a single woven bag

Performance curve of a single woven bag

Performance curve of a single woven bag

o Baghouses are designed to remove most of the dust cake

Overall pressure drop of baghouse in

o It is defined as the ratio of gas filtered (ft3/min or cfm) to the

o Generally, the smaller a particle diameter is, the more difficult it

o Therefore, baghouses should be operated within a reasonable

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