MID TERM EXAM

TM3110 Reservoir Engineering I

Friday, 15 October 2021
Exam Length: 2 hours 45 minutes (08:00 WIB – 10:45 WIB)
Instructor: Prof. Asep K. Permadi, Ph.D.

Guidelines:
• This is an open-book exam. But you can open ONLY Craft & Hawkins textbook, my
textbook of IPRE, and a piece of cheat sheet. You are NOT ALLOWED to open Old Exams
and other materials.
• As announced in the beginning of our class, the exam problems are adopted from problems
in the textbook and may be written in English.
• Each problem has worth of different points totaling100 points.
• Smartphones around you must be SWITCHED OFF during the exam.
• You are not allowed to use calculation tools other than scientific calculator.
• Use simple sentences when you answer the problems in narration/description. You may use
Bahasa Indonesia as you wish.
• Pay attention to the given data (units, conversion, etc.). Use all provided figures (decimals)
in your calculation to avoid round-off errors.
• Results of your calculations must be rounded to a maximum of 2 figures (decimals).

Please note the following instructions:

• Submission file name format:
2021_TM3110_UTS_NIM_NAME
• Submit your answer in PDF format. The answer should be handwritten.
• You are given 15 min. (max. 11:00 WIB) to scan and submit your answer after the time for
examination is already end. Make sure you are in well internet service area.
• Answer is submitted through ITB LMS-Edunex in the given slot within the modul of Ujian
Tengah Semester.
• You are required to write (by your own handwriting) and sign the following statement either
in the cover or in the first page of your worksheet:

“Dengan Nama dan Demi Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa serta Maha Mengetahui, saya mengerjakan
UTS ini secara mandiri tanpa bekerja sama dengan dan/atau mendapat bantuan dari siapapun serta
tidak menggunakan sumber/referensi dan alat hitung selain yang tercantum dalam Petunjuk Ujian di
atas”
(Your signature) ___________________________
(Print your name) ___________________________

Page 1 of 5
(2 pts)
1. Find average permeability of the reservoir system based on table and figure below.

Thickness Length Permeability

Section
(feet) (feet) (mD)
1 30 200 50
2 30 190 170
3 17 150 110
4 13 150 200

(3 pts)
2. Draw typical plots of the following PVT properties as a function of pressure for a reservoir having
initial pressure higher than bubble point pressure and give short explanations!
a) Total and Oil Formation Volume Factor (in the same plot)
b) Oil Viscosity
note:
- Give marks of certain reservoir conditions i.e. Bubble Point Pressure
- Explain why the properties behave as such with the change of pressure
- Explain if there are any trend changes in the curves

(10 pts)
3. The following figure is the graphical representation of laboratory experiment results performed on
bottomhole sample of the reservoir liquid taken from a reservoir.

a) Determine which curve represents formation volume factor and solution gas-oil ratio
b) Determine the bubble point pressure
c) Explain why oil formation volume factor above the saturation pressure is increasing in values
as the pressure decrease but vice versa at below saturation pressure

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 d) If the experiments started at initial reservoir pressure, was the reservoir initially saturated or
undersaturated? Explain.
e) Does the reservoir have an initial gas cap? Explain
f) Suppose the producing GOR of the reservoir at P = 2000 psia is 800 SCF/STB, determine the
ratio krg/kro if gas deviation factor is 0.862. (𝜇𝑜 = 3.5 cp, 𝜇𝑔 =0.03 cp, T=175ºF) hint: GOR = Rs
+ qg/qo
g) Suppose 2000 SCF of gas had accumulated with each STB of oil in this reservoir instead of
1100 SCF. Estimate how much gas would have been in solution at 4400 psia.
h) Would the oil reservoir in case (g) then be called saturated or undersaturated? Explain.

(25 pts)
4. “X” Field is a sandstone reservoir that forms dip-structure and is bounded by fault at west-
direction. Cross-section and depth structure of “X” reservoir are shown in Figure 4A and 4B
respectively.

120 ft

775 1700 1750 2775 2950

3550

Figure 4A Figure 4B

Given the following data:

Zone ̅
𝑆𝑤𝑐 𝜙̅
A 0.26 0.12
B 0.3 0.18
C 0.32 0.19
D 0.4 0.22
E 0.5 0.50

- Pi = (refer to question 3)
- Pb = (refer to question 3)
- Pore compressibility = 3 × 10-6 psi
- Oil compressibility = 15 × 10-6 psi
- Water compressibility = 3 × 10-6 psi
- You may use PVT properties derived from question 3 as needed.

Calculate (show your calculation in your answer sheet):

a) Bulk volume for each zone (MMRB)
b) Total Bulk volume (MMRB)

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 c) Pore volume (MMRB)
d) Hydrocarbon pore volume (MMRB)
e) Oil reserves (Original oil in place) (MMSTB)
f) Gas Reserves, please state whether free or solution gas (Original gas in place) (BSCF)
g) Oil recovery in MMSTB if the reservoir is produced until the pressure reaches saturation
pressure (without water production)
h) What is the Recovery factor in case (g)
i) Gas recovery (MMSCF) for the same case as (g)
j) Amend your calculation of oil reserves by considering porosity cut-off of 0.15 and connate
water saturation cut-off of 0.45!

(7.5 pts)
5. A dry gas reservoir had an original gas in place of 12,000 MMSCF at a pressure of 3,500 psia (Bgi
= 0.86625 MRB/MMSCF). Cumulative production to a reservoir pressure of 2,500 psia is 3,500
MMSCF of gas (Bg = 1.17275 MRB/MMSCF) and 100 MSTB of water (Bw = 1.04 RB/STB). How
much would be the cumulative water influx (MRB) during this period?

(25 pts)
6. A volumetric-undersaturated oil reservoir has an initial pressure, pi, of 2900 psig and bubble-point
pressure, pb, of 2500 psig. Formation volume factors, Bo, at pi and pb are 1.3117 RB/STB and 1.3425
RB/STB, respectively. Average connate water saturation is 18% and average porosity is 15%. Initial
volume of gas in solution is 567 SCF per stock tank barrel of oil. Estimated critical gas saturation is
10%.
a) How much oil initially contained in the reservoir per stock tank barrels of oil in the surface?
b) Recovering oil by liquid expansion, compute the fractional recovery at the bubble point pressure.
c) When the pressure reaches pb, how much gas will be produced for each barrel of oil collected at
the tank in the surface?
d) As the production continues and the pressure goes below pb, does the pressure decline much less
or much more rapidly? Explain why.
e) The pressure is now at 1500 psig, meaning a free gas phase has developed in the reservoir, with
the corresponding Bo of 1.2271 RB/STB. Assuming the gas saturation is still below 10%, i.e. the
gas is still immobile, and the fractional recovery at 1500 psig is 4.86%, compute the oil saturation,
So, in the reservoir.
f) Compute the gas saturation at the same condition as in Part e. above.
g) Compute the IOIP in STB for a 1 acre unit of the reservoir area and 1 foot unit of the reservoir
thickness.
h) As a geological study confirms the bulk volume of the reservoir to be 12,500 acre-ft, compute
the time in years to produce 27% of the initial oil -- in this case, it is the estimated fractional
recovery when the gas saturation is near 10% -- if the average daily oil production rate is 90 BPD.

(15 pts)
7. You have the following information on a reservoir:

p Bo Bg Bt Rs
(psia) (bbl/STB) (bbl/SCF) (bbl/STB) (SCF/STB)
2,500 1.498 0.001048 1.498 721
2,100 1.429 0.001280 1.562 617
1,300 1.292 0.002206 1.980 409

Page 4 of 5
 The reservoir has exhibited the following production performance during depletion:

p Np Gp Wp Rp
(psia) (MSTB) (MMSCF) (MSTB) (SCF/STB)
2,500 0 0 0 0
2,100 3,375 2,997 0 888
1,300 7,964 13,941 0 1,750

The original reservoir pressure was 2,500 psia. Well test information and log analysis indicate the
presence of a gas cap. However, the size of the gas cap is unknown. The rock and water
compressibilities can be assumed to be negligible. There is no water influx. Calculate the depletion
drive index.

(7.5 pts)
8. A volumetric (no water influx) dry gas reservoir had an initial pressure of 3,515 psia with a gas
deviation factor of 0.8157. Calculate the gas recovery percentage (recovery factor) at an
abandonment reservoir pressure of 1000 psia with a gas deviation factor of 0.8579.

(5 pts)
9. Seismic survey conducted over an area revealed the presence of a subsurface anticlinal structure.
The top of the structure is at a depth of 5000 ft from sea level. First well (exploration well) drilled
in the area showed the presence of oil. The well hit the productive one at a depth of 5600 ft. RFT
and PVT test results are as follows:

Pressure @ 5600 ft = 3000 psi

Bubble point pressure = 2850 psi
Oil pressure gradient = 0.35 psi/ft

Explain and illustrate whether you think there is any chance of presence of a gas cap at the top of
the reservoir?

GOOD LUCK!
PLEASE DO NOT CHEAT, CHEATING IS A CRIME!
--------oooOooo--------

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