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subscapularis medial two-thirds of lesser tubercle of medially rotates the arm; upper and lower subscapular a. subscapularis,
the costal surface of the humerus assists extention of the subscapular supraspinatus,
the scapula arm nerves (C5,6) infraspinatus, and
(subscapular fossa) teres minor are
the rotator cuff
muscles
supinator lateral epicondyle of lateral side of supinates the forearm deep radial nerve recurrent deep radial nerve
the humerus, proximal one- interosseous a. passes through the
supinator crest & third of the radius supinator to reach
fossa of the ulna, the posterior
radial collateral compartment of
ligament, annular the forearm
ligament
supraspinatus supraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of abducts the arm (initiates suprascapular suprascapular a. supraspinatus
the humerus abduction) nerve (C5,6) from initiates abduction
(highest facet) the superior trunk of the arm, then
of the brachial the deltoid muscle
plexus completes the
action; a member
of the rotator cuff
group
teres major dorsal surface of the crest of the lesser adducts the arm, medially lower subscapular circumflex teres major inserts
inferior angle of the tubercle of the rotates the arm, assists in nerve (C5,6) from scapular a. beside the tendon
scapula humerus arm extension the posterior cord of latissimus
of the brachial dorsi, and assists
plexus latissimus in its
actions
teres minor upper 2/3 of the greater tubercle of laterally rotates the arm axillary nerve circumflex fixes the head of
lateral border of the the humerus (C5,6) from the scapular a. the humerus in the
scapula (lowest facet) posterior cord of glenoid fossa
the brachial during abduction
plexus & flexion of the
arm; a member of
the rotator cuff
group
trapezius medial third of the lateral third of the elevates and depresses the motor: spinal transverse named for its
superior nuchal line, clavicle, medial scapula (depending on accessory (XI), cervical a. shape; trapezius is
external occipital side of the which part of the muscle proprioception: an example of a
protuberance, acromion and the contracts); rotates the C3-C4 muscle that
ligamentum nuchae, upper crest of the scapula superiorly; migrates during
spinous processes of scapular spine, retracts scapula development from
vertebrae C7-T12 tubercle of the its level of origin
scapular spine (cervical) to its
final position,
pulling its nerve
and artery along
behind
triceps brachii long head: olecranon process extends the forearm; the radial nerve deep brachial long head of the
infraglenoid of the ulna long head extends and (profunda triceps separates
tubercle of the adducts arm brachii) a. the triangular and
scapula; lateral quadrangular
head: posterolateral spaces (teres
humerus & lateral major, teres minor
intermuscular and the humerus
septum; medial are the other
head: posteromedial boundaries); all
surface of the three heads of
inferior 1/2 of the origin insert by a
humerus common tendon

Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

anterior scalene anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib rib; flexes and C5-C7 a., a branch of the inspiration; an
thyrocervical trunk important landmark

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processes of laterally bends the of the neck; it is
vertebrae C3-C6 neck located between the
subclavian vein and
the subclavian
artery; the roots of
the brachial plexus
pass posterior to it;
the phrenic nerve
crosses its anterior
surface (Greek,
scalene = uneven)
aryepiglottic apex (superior epiglottis draws the epiglottis inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the mucosa is
part) of the posteriorly and nerve, from superior thyroid a. raised by the
arytenoid cartilage downward during recurrent underlying
swallowing laryngeal nerve, aryepiglottic m. to
a branch of the form the
of vagus (X) aryepiglottic fold
arytenoid, oblique muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the oblique
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m. lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent posterior to the
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve, transverse
a branch of the arytenoid m.; the
of vagus (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse fibers (
arytenoid, posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
transverse of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage adducting the vocal recurrent anterior to the
folds laryngeal nerve, oblique arytenoid
a branch of the m.; the
vagus nerve (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
auricular anterior: galea auricle anteriorly, wiggle the ears anterior & superficial temporal the auricular
aponeurotica superiorly and superior: a., posterior muscles are derived
anterior to ear; posteriorly temporal auricular a. from the
superior: galea branches of mesenchyme of the
aponeurotica facial nerve second pharyngeal
superior to ear; (VII); posterior: arch, as are the
posterior: mastoid posterior muscles of facial
process auricular branch expression
of facial nerve
(VII)
buccinator pterygomandibular angle of mouth and pulls the corner of buccal branches facial a. although the
raphe, mandible, the lateral portion mouth laterally; of the facial buccinator is
and the maxilla of the upper and presses the cheek nerve (VII) important in
lateral to the molar lower lips against the teeth mastication, it is
teeth innervated by the
buccal branch of
the facial nerve and
NOT by the buccal
nerve from V3 (a
sensory nerve)
(Latin, buccinator =
trumpeter)
chondroglossus medial side of the ascends to blend pulls the sides of hypoglossal lingual a. chondroglossus is
lesser horn and with the intrinsic the tongue down nerve (XII) often considered to
body of the hyoid tongue musculature be part of the
bone hyoglossus muscle
ciliary meridional fibers: meridional fibers: relaxes the parasympathetic ophthalmic a. relaxation of the
scleral spur; ciliary process; suspensory fibers in the suspensory
circular fibers: circular fibers: ligament of the oculomotor ligament allows the
encircle the ciliary encircle the ciliary lens nerve (III), lens to thicken for
process process synapsing in the accommodation
ciliary ganglion (near vision)
constrictor, inferior oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via ascending the most external of
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pharyngeal thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a., the three
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a., pharyngeal
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a. constructor mm.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
constrictor, middle lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via ascending of the three
pharyngeal horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. pharyngeal
bone and the plexus constrictors, this
inferior part of the one is intermediate
stylohyoid in both
ligament superior/inferior
position and depth
constrictor, superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal tubercle constricts the vagus (X), via ascending the most internal of
pharyngeal plate, pterygoid and midline pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. the three
hamulus, pharyngeal raphe plexus pharyngeal
pterygomandibular constructor mm.
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
corrugator medial part of the skin of the medial pulls eyebrows temporal branch supratrochlear a. this muscle causes
supercillary arch half of the eyebrow together medially of the facial the furrowed brow
nerve (VII) of the worried look
(Latin, corrugator=
to wrinkle)
cricoarytenoid, arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal an antagonist of the
lateral cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid posterior
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the cricoarytenoid m.;
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. the arteries that
pivots the a branch of the supply the larynx
arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
and adducts the the larynx to supply
vocal folds the mucous
membranes and
muscles
cricoarytenoid, posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal the posterior
posterior of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid cricoarytenoid is
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the the only ABductor
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. of the vocal folds;
and abducts the a branch of the the arteries that
vocal folds vagus nerve (X) supply the larynx
anastomose within
the larynx to supply
the mucous
membranes and
muscles
cricopharyngeus lateral surface of midline pharyngeal constricts the recurrent cricothyroid branch cricopharyngeus
the cricoid raphe pharyngeal cavity laryngeal nerve, of the superior represents the
cartilage and the entrance to a branch of the thyroid a., lowest fibers of the
the esophagus vagus nerve (X) ascending inferior pharyngeal
pharyngeal a. constrictor; it is
continuous with the
esophagus below
and marks the
beginning of it
cricothyroid arch of the cricoid inferior border of draws the thyroid external branch cricothyroid branch this is the only
cartilage the thyroid cartilage forward, of superior of the superior intrinsic muscle of
cartilage lengthening the laryngeal nerve, thyroid a. the larynx that is
vocal ligaments a branch of the not supplied by the
vagus nerve (X) recurrent laryngeal
n.; ALL other
laryngeal muscles
are innervated by
recurrent laryngeal
nerve, via its
inferior laryngeal
branch
depressor anguli oblique line of the angle of the mouth pulls the corner of marginal inferior labial a "frown" muscle
oris mandible the mouth mandibular & branch of the facial
downward buccal branches a., mental a.

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of the facial
nerve (VII)
depressor labii anterior surface of skin of the lower depresses the lower marginal inferior labial this muscle is used
inferioris the mandible lip lip mandibular branch of the facial to bare the lower
branch of the a., mental a. incisor teeth
facial nerve (VII)
depressor septi maxilla near the nasal septum depresses the nasal buccal branch of superior labial depressor septi is
midline above the septum; involved facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial considered a part of
incisor teeth in flaring the a. the nasalis m.
nostrils
digastric anterior belly: body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid anterior belly: anterior belly: the digastric m.
digastric fossa of via a fibrous loop bone; depresses the mylohyoid submental a.; forms two sides of
the mandible; over an mandible nerve, from the posterior belly: the submandibular
posterior belly: intermediate mandibular occipital a. triangle; it is
mastoid notch of tendon division of the formed from
the temporal bone trigeminal nerve mesenchyme
(V); posterior derived from the
belly: facial first two
nerve (VII) pharyngeal arches,
hence its dual
innervation
dilator pupillae outer margin of inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a. none
iris fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
epicranius frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of elevates the frontalis: the frontalis and
aponeurotica; the eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis: occipitalis muscles
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and are two bellies of
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve supratrochlear aa.; the epicranius
line (VII); occipitalis: occipitalis: muscle; also known
posterior occipital a. as: occipitofrontalis
auricular branch m.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of the eyebrow elevates the temporal supraorbital and frontalis is the
eyebrows and branches of the supratrochlear aa. anterior belly of the
wrinkles the facial nerve (VII) epicranius muscle
forehead
genioglossus mental spine on fans out to insert protrudes the hypoglossal lingual a. an extrinsic muscle
the inner aspect of into the tongue tongue (inferior nerve (XII) of the tongue; XII
the mental from the tip to the fibers); depresses innervates all
symphysis base tongue (middle tongue muscles
fibers) except
palatoglossus
[innervated by
vagus (X), as are
most of the palate
and pharynx
muscles];
genioglossus is
used to test the
function of cranial
nerve XII
geniohyoid mental spines of body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid ventral primary lingual a., thyrohyoid and
the mandible bone bone; depresses the ramus of spinal submental a. geniohyoid receive
mandible nerve C1 via ansa cervicalis
fibers carried by fibers that travel
the hypoglossal with the
nerve hypoglossal nerve
distal to the
superior limb of the
ansa cervicalis
hyoglossus upper border of spreads out into the depresses the sides hypoglossal lingual a. an extrinsic muscle
the greater horn of intrinsic muscles of of the tongue; nerve (XII) of the tongue
the hyoid and the tongue retracts the tongue

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body of the hyoid
bone
inferior oblique floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. clinicians
lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal nerve (III), examining the eye
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; inferior division will ask the patient
rotates the superior to look toward the
pole of the iris bridge of the nose
laterally; when the to test the function
eye is adducted, of this muscle
this muscle
elevates the cornea
inferior pharyngeal oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via ascending the most external of
constrictor thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a., the three
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a., pharyngeal
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a. constructor mm.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
inferior rectus common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal nerve (III), approaches the
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; inferior division eyeball from a
orbit rotates the superior medial direction, it
pole of the iris has a rotational
laterally action on the iris
lateral arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal an antagonist of the
cricoarytenoid cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid posterior
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the cricoarytenoid m.;
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. the arteries that
pivots the a branch of the supply the larynx
arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
and adducts the the larynx to supply
vocal folds the mucous
membranes and
muscles
lateral pterygoid superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of the only one of the
greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens branch of the the maxillary a. muscles of
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the the mouth; active mandibular mastication that
inferior head: temporomandibular in grinding actions division of the opens the mouth;
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: of chewing trigeminal nerve the superior head of
the lateral neck of the (V) lateral pterygoid is
pterygoid plate mandible sometimes called
sphenomeniscus
due to its insertion
into the disc of the
temporomandibular
joint (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
lateral rectus common sclera on the lateral abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a. loss of function of
tendinous ring at surface of the part of the eyeball (VI) the abducens nerve
the apex of the eyeball will cause the eye
orbit to be abducted
levator anguli oris canine fossa of the angle (corner) of elevates the angle buccal branch of infraorbital a., a "smile" muscle
maxilla the mouth of the mouth the facial nerve superior labial
(VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator labii inferior margin of skin of the upper elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a., levator labii
superioris the orbit lip lip the facial nerve superior labial superioris is used to
(VII) branch of the facial bare the upper
a. incisor teeth, as in a
sneer (Latin,
levator = to lift +
labial = lips)
levator labii frontal process of ala of the nose and elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a., (Latin, levator = to
superioris alaque the maxilla skin of the upper lip and flares the the facial nerve superior labial lift + labial = lips)
nasi lip nostril (VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator palpebrae apex of the orbit skin and fascia of elevates the upper oculomotor ophthalmic a. fibers inserting into

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superioris above the optic upper eyelid and eyelid nerve (III) and the superior tarsal
canal the superior tarsal sympathetics (to plate are called
plate the superior superior tarsal
tarsal portion) muscle and are
smooth muscle;
lesion of the
sympathetic supply
causes slight ptosis
(drooping of the
eyelid) (Latin,
levator = to lift +
palpebrae = eyelid)
levator scapulae transverse medial border of elevates scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular a. named for its action
processes of C1-4 the scapula from nerve (C5); the (Latin, levator = to
vertebrae the superior angle upper part of the lift)
to the spine muscle receives
branches of C3
& C4 spinal
nerves
levator veli palatini apex of the muscles and fascia elevates the soft vagus nerve (X) ascending a derivative of the
petrous part of the of the soft palate; palate via the pharyngeal a. fourth pharyngeal
temporal bone and palatine pharyngeal arch (Latin, levator
the medial surface aponeurosis plexus = to lift)
of the auditory
tube cartilage
linguae, within tongue within tongue near shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
longitudinalis the apex for speech and nerve (XII) of the tongue;
mastication longitudinalis has
superior and
inferior
subdivisions that
span the length of
the tongue
linguae, transversus within tongue within tongue compresses the hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
sides of the tongue; nerve (XII) of the tongue
shapes the tongue whose fibers run
for speech and transversely
mastication
linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
for speech and nerve (XII) of the tongue
mastication whose fibers run
superoinferiorly
longus capitis anterior tubercles basilar portion of flex the head and cervical plexus, deep cervical a. none
of vertebrae C3-6 the occipital bone neck ventral primary
rami of spinal
nerves C1-4
longus colli anterior tubercles anterior arch of flex neck, rotate cervical and deep cervical a. none
and anterior atlas, anterior and laterally bend brachial plexus,
surfaces of the tubercles of C5-6, neck C2-7
bodies of anterior surfaces of
vertebrae C3-T3 bodies of vertebrae
C2-4
masseter zygomatic arch lateral surface of elevates the nerve to the masseteric branch (Greek, masseter =
and zygomatic the ramus and mandible masseter, from of the maxillary a. the chewer)
bone angle of the the mandibular
mandible division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
medial pterygoid medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of this muscle mirrors
the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a. the masseter m. in
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular position and action
pyramidal process mandible division of the with the ramus of
of the palatine trigeminal nerve the mandible
bone, tuberosity of (V) between the two
the maxilla mm. (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
medial rectus common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor ophthalmic a. this muscle directly

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tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball nerve (III) opposes the action
the apex of the the eyeball (inferior of the lateral rectus
orbit division) m.
mentalis anterior surface of skin of the chin elevates the lower marginal mental a., inferior
the mandible near lip and skin of chin mandibular labial branch of the
the mental branch of the facial a.
symphysis facial nerve (VII)
(midline)
middle pharyngeal lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via ascending of the three
constrictor horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. pharyngeal
bone and the plexus constrictors, this
inferior part of the one is intermediate
stylohyoid in both
ligament superior/inferior
position and depth
middle scalene posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib behind rib; flexes and C3-C8 a. respiration
processes of the subclavian laterally bends the (inspiratory); also
vertebrae C2-C7 artery neck called scalenus
medius; penetrated
by the dorsal
scapular n. and
long thoracic n.
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
musculus uvulae posterior nasal mucosa of the shortens the uvula vagus nerve (X) lesser palatine a. the soft palate and
spine uvula via pharyngeal uvula resist the
plexus upward pressure of
the tongue during
swallowing
mylohyoid mylohyoid line of midline raphe and elevates the hyoid mylohyoid nerve mylohyoid branch the nerve to
mandible body of the hyoid bone and the from the inferior of the inferior mylohyoid also
bone tongue; depresses alveolar nerve, a alveolar a. innervates the
the mandible branch of the anterior belly of
mandibular digastric m.; both
division of the muscles are
trigeminal nerve derivatives of the
(V) second pharygneal
arch
nasalis maxilla above the ala of the nose and flattens the nose, buccal branch of superior labial nasalis has two
incisor teeth and midline flare the nostrils the facial nerve branch of the facial subsidiary parts:
the canine teeth aponeurosis (VII) a. nasalis pars alaris
and pars transversa
nasalis pars alaris maxilla above the ala of the nose flares the nostrils buccal branch of superior labial a subdivision of the
canine teeth facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial nasalis m. (Latin,
a. pars = a part)
nasalis pars maxilla above the midline flattens the nose buccal branch of superior labial a subdivision of the
transversa incisor teeth aponeurosis facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial nasalis m. (Latin,
a. pars = a part)
oblique arytenoid muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the oblique
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m. lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent posterior to the
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve, transverse
a branch of the arytenoid m.; the
of vagus (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse fibers
oblique, inferior floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. clinicians
lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal nerve (III), examining the eye
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; inferior division will ask the patient
rotates the superior to look toward the
pole of the iris bridge of the nose
laterally; when the to test the function
eye is adducted, of this muscle
this muscle
elevates the cornea

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oblique, superior apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a. passes through a
above the optic posterior superior abducts the (IV) fibrocartilagenous
canal surface of the eyeball; rotates the pulley known as
eyeball superior pole of the the trochlea; when
iris medially the eye is adducted,
this muscle moves
the cornea
inferiorly
occipitalis superior nuchal galea aponeurotica pulls the scalp posterior occipital a. occipitalis is the
line posteriorly; auricular branch posterior belly of
elevates the of the facial the epicranius
eyebrows nerve (VII) muscle
occipitofrontalis frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of elevates the frontalis: the frontalis and
aponeurotica; the eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis: occipitalis muscles
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and are two bellies of
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve supratrochlear aa.; the
line (VII); occipitalis: occipitalis: occipitofrontalis
posterior occipital a. muscle; also known
auricular branch as: epicranius m.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
omohyoid inferior belly: inferior belly: depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis transverse cervical the intermediate
upper border of intermediate the hyoid bone a. tendon of
the scapula medial tendon; superior omohyoid is
to the scapular belly: lower border tethered to the
notch; superior of the hyoid bone clavicle by a fascial
belly: intermediate lateral to the sling
tendon sternohyoid
insertion
orbicularis oculi orbital part: orbital part: skin of closes the eyelids temporal & supraorbital a., activated
medial orbital the lateral cheek; zygomatic supratrochlear a., involuntarily in the
margin and the palpebral part: branches of the infraorbital a., blink reflex; the
medial palpebral lateral palpebral facial nerve (VII) angular branch of palpebral part is
ligament; raphe the facial a. active in normal
palpebral part: blinking and the
medial palpebral orbital part is used
ligament to forcefully close
the eye
orbicularis oris skin and fascia of skin and fascia of purses the lips buccal branch of superior and the "kissing"
lips and the area the lips the facial nerve inferior labial muscle
surrounding the (VII) branches of the
lips facial a., mental a.,
infraorbital a.
palatoglossus palatine side of the tongue, elevates and vagus nerve (X) tonsilar branch of although
aponeurosis entering it from retracts the tongue via the the facial a., palatoglossus
above pharyngeal ascending sounds like a
plexus pharyngeal a. tongue muscle (and
would therefore be
innervated by XII),
it is a palatal
muscle innervated
by X
palatopharyngeus posterior margin posterior wall of elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending palatopharyngeus is
of the bony palate the pharynx and the via pharyngeal pharyngeal a. part of the inner
and the palatine posterior margin of plexus longitudinal muscle
aponeurosis the thyroid layer of the
cartilage pharynx
platysma fascia overlying inferior border of draws the corners cervical branch facial a. platysma is derived
the pectoralis the mandible and of the mouth down; of the facial from the
major and deltoid skin of lower face it aids in nerve (VII) mesenchyme of the
muscles depression of the second pharyngeal
mandible arch (Greek,
platysma = a flat
plate)
posterior posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal the posterior
cricoarytenoid of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid cricoarytenoid is
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the the only ABductor
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. of the vocal folds;
the arteries that
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and abducts the a branch of the supply the larynx
vocal folds vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
the larynx to supply
the mucous
membranes and
muscles
posterior scalene posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7-C8 a. respiration
processes of laterally bends the (inspiratory); it is
vertebrae C5-C7 neck the longest of the
scalene muscles
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
procerus nasal bone skin between the depresses the temporal branch supratrochlear a. (Latin, procerus =
eyebrows medial corners of of the facial long and streched
the eyebrows nerve (VII) out)
pterygoid, lateral superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of the only one of the
greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens branch of the the maxillary a. muscles of
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the the mouth; active mandibular mastication that
inferior head: temporomandibular in grinding actions division of the opens the mouth;
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: of chewing trigeminal nerve the superior head of
the lateral neck of the (V) lateral pterygoid is
pterygoid plate mandible sometimes called
sphenomeniscus
due to its insertion
into the disc of the
temporomandibular
joint (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
pterygoid, medial medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of this muscle mirrors
the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a. the masseter m. in
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular position and action
pyramidal process mandible division of the with the ramus of
of the palatine trigeminal nerve the mandible
bone, tuberosity of (V) between the two
the maxilla mm. (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
pupillae, dilator outer margin of inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a. none
iris fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
pupillae, sphincter encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a. none
fibers of
oculomotor
nerve (III),
synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
rectus capitis lateral mass of basilar portion of flexes the head ventral primary deep cervical a. none
anterior atlas occipital bone ramus of spinal
nerve C1
rectus capitis transverse process occipital bone laterally bends the ventral primary deep cervical a. none
lateralis of atlas anterolateral to head ramus of spinal
foramen magnum nerve C1
rectus, inferior common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal nerve (III), approaches the
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; inferior division eyeball from a
orbit rotates the superior medial direction, it
pole of the iris has a rotational
laterally action on the iris
rectus, lateral common sclera on the lateral abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a. loss of function of
tendinous ring at surface of the part of the eyeball (VI) the abducens nerve
the apex of the eyeball will cause the eye
orbit to be abducted

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rectus, medial common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor ophthalmic a. this muscle directly
tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball nerve (III) opposes the action
the apex of the the eyeball (inferior of the lateral rectus
orbit division) m.
rectus, superior common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the nerve (III), approaches the eye
the apex of the the eyeball eyeball; rotates the superior division from a medial
orbit superior pole of the position, it causes
iris medially the iris to rotate
medially
risorius fascia of the skin of the angle draws the corner of buccal branches transverse facial a., risorius is active in
lateral cheek (corner) of the the mouth laterally of the facial facial a. expressions of
mouth nerve (VII) mirth (Latin,
risorius = to laugh)
salpingopharyngeus inferior surface of pharyngeal wall elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending like other muscles
the anteromedial and superior border via the pharyngeal a. of the pharyngeal
end of the auditory of the thyroid pharyngeal wall,
tube cartilage cartilage along plexus salpingopharyngeus
with the is derived from the
palatopharyngeus fourth pharyngeal
m. arch
scalene, anterior anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib rib; flexes and C5-C7 a., a branch of the inspiration; an
processes of laterally bends the thyrocervical trunk important landmark
vertebrae C3-C6 neck of the neck; it is
located between the
subclavian vein and
the subclavian
artery; the roots of
the brachial plexus
pass posterior to it;
the phrenic nerve
crosses its anterior
surface (Greek,
scalene = uneven)
scalene, middle posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib behind rib; flexes and C3-C8 a. respiration
processes of the subclavian laterally bends the (inspiratory); also
vertebrae C2-C7 artery neck called scalenus
medius; penetrated
by the dorsal
scapular n. and
long thoracic n.
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
scalene, posterior posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7-C8 a. respiration
processes of laterally bends the (inspiratory); it is
vertebrae C5-C7 neck the longest of the
scalene muscles
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
sphenomeniscus greater wing of the capsule and pulls the articular lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of sphenomeniscus is
sphenoid articular disk of the disk forward in branch of the maxillary a. another name for
temporomandibular opening of the mandibular the superior belly
joint mouth division of of the lateral
trigeminal nerve pterygoid m.
(V)
sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a. none
fibers of
oculomotor
nerve (III),
synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
splenius ligamentum capitis: mastoid extends and dorsal primary supplied it gets its name
nuchae and spines process & superior laterally bends rami of spinal segmentally by: from its broad, flat
C7-T6 nuchal line neck and head; nerves C2-6 deep cervical a., shape (Greek,
laterally; cervicis: rotates head to posterior intercostal splenius = a
same side aa. bandage)
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posterior tubercles
of C1-3
stapedius walls of the neck of the stapes dampens vibration facial nerve (VII) anterior tympanic a. entirely enclosed in
pyramidal of the stapes bone, except for its
eminence tendon; a derivative
of the second
pharyngeal arch
sternocleidomastoid sternal head: mastoid process draws the mastoid spinal accessory sternocleidomastoid carotid sheath
anterior surface of and lateral 1/2 of process down nerve (XI), with branch of the structures lie deep
the manubrium; the superior nuchal toward the same sensory supply occipital a. to it
clavicular head: line side which causes from C2 & C3
medial 1/3rd of the chin to turn up (for
the clavicle toward the proprioception)
opposite side;
acting together, the
muscles of the two
sides flex the neck
sternohyoid posterior surfaces lower border of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. sternohyoid
of both the hyoid bone, medial the hyoid bone overlies the
manubrium and to the omohyoid m. sternothyroid and
sternal end of the insertion thyrohyoid mm.
clavicle
sternothyroid posterior surface oblique line of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. sternothyroid lies
of the manubrium thyroid cartilage the hyoid bone deep to the
below the origin sternohyoid m.
of the sternohyoid
m.
styloglossus anterior side of the posterolateral side retracts and hypoglossal ascending an extrinsic muscle
styloid process of the tongue elevates the tongue nerve (XII) pharyngeal a., of the tongue
ascending palatine
branch of the facial
a.
stylohyoid posterior side of splits around the elevates and facial nerve (VII) ascending facial nerve
the styloid process intermediate retracts the hyoid pharyngeal a. innervates both the
tendon of the bone stylohyoid m. and
digastric m. to the posterior belly
insert on the body of the digastric m.
of the hyoid bone shortly after exiting
from the
stylomastoid
foramen
stylopharyngeus medial side of the superior border of elevates the larynx glossopharyngeal ascending stylopharyngeus,
styloid process the thyroid nerve (IX) pharyngeal a. the only muscle
cartilage and also innervated by IX, is
into the pharyngeal the only muscle of
wall the pharyngeal wall
NOT innervated by
the vagus (X)
nerve; it is a
derivative of the
third pharyngeal
arch
superior oblique apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a. passes through a
above the optic posterior superior abducts the (IV) fibrocartilagenous
canal surface of the eyeball; rotates the pulley known as
eyeball superior pole of the the trochlea; when
iris medially the eye is adducted,
this muscle moves
the cornea
inferiorly
superior pharyngeal medial pterygoid pharyngeal tubercle constricts the vagus (X), via ascending the most internal of
constrictor plate, pterygoid and midline pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. the three
hamulus, pharyngeal raphe plexus pharyngeal
pterygomandibular constructor mm.
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
superior rectus common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the nerve (III), approaches the eye

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the apex of the the eyeball eyeball; rotates the superior division from a medial
orbit superior pole of the position, it causes
iris medially the iris to rotate
medially
temporalis temporal fossa and coronoid process of elevates the anterior and anterior and a powerful chewing
the temporal fascia the mandible and mandible; retracts posterior deep posterior deep muscle; a
the anterior surface the mandible temporal nerves temporal aa. derivative of the
of the ramus of the (posterior fibers) from the first pharyngeal
mandible mandibular arch
division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
tensor tympani cartilagenous manubrium of the dampens vibrations medial pterygoid superior tympanic V3 innervates both
auditory tube and malleus of the tympanic branch of the branch of the tensor muscles of
the greater wing of membrane mandibular middle meningeal the head (tympani
the sphenoid bone division of the a. and veli palatini)
which lies trigeminal nerve which are
adjacent to it (V) derivatives of the
first pharyngeal
arch (Latin,
tympanum = a
kettle drum)
tensor veli palatini scaphoid fossa, palatine opens the auditory mandibular ascending remember: V3
lateral wall of the aponeurosis tube; tenses the division of the pharyngeal a. innervates both
auditory tube soft palate trigeminal nerve tensor muscles
cartilage (V) (tympani and veli
palatini); ALL
other palatal
muscles are
innervated by
vagus
thyroarytenoid inner surface of lateral border of the draws the inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of its subsidiary parts
the thyroid arytenoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage nerve, from the superior thyroid are the
cartilage anteriorly forward, relaxing recurrent a. thyroepiglottic m.
and adducting the laryngeal nerve, and the vocalis m.;
vocal folds a branch of the the medial most
vagus nerve (X) fibers of
thyroarytenoid that
insert along the
vocal ligament are
called the vocalis
muscle
thyroepiglottic inner surface of lateral surface of draws the inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of represents the
the thyroid the epiglottic epiglottic cartilage nerve, from the superior thyroid superior fibers of
cartilage near the cartilage downward recurrent a. thyroarytenoid
laryngeal laryngeal nerve, muscle which fan
prominence a branch of the out to the
vagus nerve (X) quadrangular
membrane and
epiglottis
thyrohyoid oblique line of the lower border of the elevates the larynx; ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. thyrohyoid lies
thyroid cartilage hyoid bone depresses/stabilizes (via fibers deep to the
the hyoid bone running with the sternohyoid
hypoglossal
nerve that leave
XII distal to the
superior limb of
ansa)
trachealis posterior edge of posterior edge of constricts the preganglionic inferior thyroid a., smooth muscle,
the tracheal the tracheal bronchi and parasympathetic bronchial aa. found in the
cartilage cartilage of other trachea fibers from the submucosal layer
side (joins tracheal vagus (X) nerve
rings posteriorly)
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage adducting the vocal recurrent anterior to the
folds laryngeal nerve, oblique arytenoid
a branch of the m.; the
vagus nerve (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
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be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage adducting the vocal recurrent anterior to the
folds laryngeal nerve, oblique arytenoid
a branch of the m.; the
vagus nerve (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
vocalis surface of the vocal ligament relaxes segments inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the represents the
thyroid cartilage, of the vocal nerve, from the superior thyroid a. innermost fibers of
vocal process of ligament, thereby recurrent the thyroarytenoid
the arytenoid adjusting pitch laryngeal nerve, muscle; the
cartilage a branch of the cricothyroid m.
vagus nerve (X) grossly tenses the
vocal ligaments,
while the vocalis
muscle provides the
mechanism for fine
tuning the
vibrations of the
vocal folds
zygomaticus major upper lateral skin of the angle of elevates and draws zygomatic and transverse facial a., a "smile" muscle
surface of the the mouth the corner of the buccal branches facial a.
zygomatic bone mouth laterally of the facial
nerve (VII)
zygomaticus minor lower surface of lateral part of the elevates the upper buccal branch of transverse facial a., a "smile" muscle
the zygomatic upper lip lip the facial nerve facial a.
bone (VII)

Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

diaphragm xiphoid process, costal central tendon pushes the phrenic musculophrenic left crus attaches to the L1-
margin, fascia over the of the abdominal viscera nerve (C3- a., superior L2 vertebral bodies, the
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm inferiorly, C5) phrenic a., right crus attaches to the L1-
psoas major mm.(lateral & increasing the inferior phrenic L3 vertebral bodies
medial arcuate ligaments), volume of the a.
vertebral bodies L1-L3 thoracic cavity
(inspiration)
external lower border of a rib within upper border of keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number; they extend
intercostal an intercostal space the rib below, intercostal space nerves (T1- from the tubercle of the rib
coursing, from blowing out T11) to the costochondral
downward and or sucking in junction; continuous with
medially during respiration the external intercostal
membrane anteriorly
innermost upper borders of a rib fibers course keeps the intercostal intercostal a. innermost intercostal mm.
intercostal up and intercostal space nerves (T1- have the same fiber
medially to from blowing out T11) direction as the internal
insert on the or sucking in intercostal mm., the only
inferior margin during respiration difference being that they lie
of the rib above deep to the intercostal
neurovascular bundle
internal upper border of a rib lower border of keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number; they extend
intercostal rib above, intercostal space nerves (T1- from the margin of the
coursing up from blowing out T11) sternum to the angle of the
and medially or sucking in rib; continuous posteriorly
during respiration with the internal intercostal
membrane
levatores transverse processes C7-T11 rib below its elevates the rib dorsal deep cervical these are fairly small and
costarum origin, medial primary a., intercostal insignificant muscles
to the angle rami of aa.
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