2 8 U n i t5

Switchon Reading
1 Work in pairs. Look at the mechanism and answcr Theinventor
the questions.
1 Work in pairs.What do you know abolrt the Ínvcntorof
i What is it? the.clockwork radÍo,?Read the first paragraph of the
2 What does it do? text and check your answers.
3 Howdoes it work? 2 Read the rest of the text and match parts a--eto the
4 In whÍchparts of the world is it used? numbered components on the diagram.
5 What's it made from? a winding hanclle
b steelspring
c generator
d gears
e pulley

3 Scan thc tcxt What do thc following nuinbr:rsand

quantitÍcsrefelrto?
a morcthantwomiilion
D b(,

c3V
d 30 ininr"rtcs
c 199i
f 30mA

4 Conqrletc thc si:ntence,susin6;information from

the text.
1 As you turn thc hartdleon thc sirlc of thc radio,

2 Wh,:'nthc spring tinwirLCs,

3 As thc gcncratortur]rs,----

Thc springhas cnough lrovrcLtorun thc radiofor 30

míntttesbcforc

5 T i r e ' e l c c t r i c s h o e ' c h a r g e s b a t l c r i e- s- -a.s

2 f) Irtowhsten to the cxplanatlon by an

Agricuitural EngÍneer,and check yortransr,vcrs.
 ln this unit
O , l r ' , ' 1, ; ir . ' i , l'i,rr

O h c , n rt l , r tj e i i ,i l í |l i ', irt
1 r ,l r i L i r
l lrirl.
O l . i ; ) t t r , . l t ' :ri ; . il ' i l:rl,

O l i ! t r l l i l i j r r ' . : lli1, - )l .i rr,ir,t.:

The clockrruorkr a clii'r

I ' r c , , r cI lr, i , ' i iIl ;l ;: r t ti n , i r ' I t t o t . i r , i l r , i . , ; 1 r , ,y i , i l t i r r t r ri l r r t I'. i,;.r',.iltr'
'\tir tiIIits,li
I L t1 9 9 1h, e l i c a t , ia l r o r tt l i e g ( t n c r i l t ( r r i i l r i r s r ; n . ' I i t n 't itl r; l I ; l i t .- , .
p r o b l c r no f b r i n g i n gh ea l t h g c n r : t a t r : s c l c r t r i c i t , . ' ; 1r r l ; l l 1 p ; ro i 3 \ i ; i t ; t l r . - , r i.tl O n t l \
inform;.riiou tcrpcopl' jn T h r : s i ; r i n 1 ,1 t ; t sc i t o t t l l i r l ) . ) I / 1i i:.r ( ' r r i i r l l t i t . r r li r t [ o r 3 0
nrral Afiir:a.Radio we:ithc: n . t j i ' r t l r .bs r ' Í . l t . ' ) , r l hr rl i ' r i :i o r . v i l l r ti t i | ] ) , l r ' l Jt 1 '
bestrvay but people lriri nrr | Á ( ) r c t h a n t r n , om i l I i o n 1 . ] ; l i i i ' ' ."l. lI i : l l i ] i ' ]; 1 I {1. l l r t l ' l :l , l ]i
electricitl'and cor.rldn't liay o v e r t h e t n , , o r l d J ' t r : v o r J t r r , , l i 'l:r : r ; r I r i r t r ' . r r t ' , 1 ; r r t
for expcnsirrcbattr.'rii::1. So h 'clr::ctricshoc'.
l l c l t l t t g r l ;b : r t i . r j ^ t r r ' r i ) i rr \ r . r l 1 '
invcntcd a rarlio tnrhich
d o c s n ' l n e c d n r a i n s p o w r r o r b a t t e r i c s .I n s t c a d ,i t
consists of a spring, gears' alld a smalI [j(]Ilír]Iat()Í-
So how dol: s his rllo.'k l^rrlilir-;t d io act'rt l.i]l),Ítttt r:1iI . l . l A ll
y o r rt r r r n t h c h a n d l e o n t h c s i d c t r ft l r c t . a di o . y r ntt r ni' tt i l
u p a s p r l n g .i t ' s t h c s a u t e k i n d o f s t r : . ' sl 1 r ltt t t lr i : . , ' ri :r lLr ' '
saÍetybelts' It ti-rkes60 trtrrrsto wirrd tr1lthc ;piirr;
fully.
W h e n t h c s p r i n g s t , t r t ; i ot i i r r r i i t t dI h. r :5 ; ' r i . i , I r i i ' i l
There are thlce 1:I0sti:p rrp E;ears fit,: l;:i,t;;t,i-' ttp itI'li
Ptillcys ru n n'rorc rlrtictIy'Ih,rrr f,r'ar s si) t Lri ;
is a pr.rllt:y.
r-
3 0 U n i t5

Gadgetbox
ProfessorNegroponteof MIT (MassachusettsInstituteof Technology)in the U5A
hasdevelopeda clockworkcomputerwhichwill cost lessthan $100.This low-cost
laptopis intendedfor childrenin the developingworld.lt uses'opensource'
softwareand will connectto Wi-Finetworks.He hopesto produce150milliona year.
Why doesthis computeruse'opensource'softwa
reand connectto Wi-Finetworks?

o Languagespot 2 Choosesuitabletime wordsto fill the gapsin the

Time clauses
. To show actions in quick succession,we use when:
Action 1 The sprÍngstartsto unwÍnd.
Action 2 The gears engage.
Whenthe spring startsto unwind,the gears engage.
. To show actions happening at the ,"*e tl*e*,'-
Actionl Youwalk.
Action 2 The electric shoe charges batteries.
As you walk, the electricshoe chargesbatteries.
Toput actionsin sequence,
weusebeforeor after:
Action 1 Theradíoplaysfor 30 mÍnutes.
ActÍon2 Youhaveto wind it up again.
Theradioplaysfor30 minutesbeforeyou haveto wind
explanationof a two-strokeengíne. Usethe diagramto
help.
Thetwo-strokeengine
1youcan use a two-strokeengÍne, you
haveto fill the fuel tank with petroland oil in the right
ratio,usually 40:1.
Combustton stroke
the sparkplug fires,the fuel ignites. The
explosionpushesthe piston down.-3 it
movesdown,it compressesthe fuel in the crankcaseon
the othersideofthe piston. 4thepiston
nearsthe bottom,it uncoversthe exhaustport.The
pressurizedfuel in the crankcaserushesinto the
cylinder.Thepressurepushesout the exhaustgas.
5the piston reachesthe bottom,it
uncoversthe fuel intakeport.
Compresstonstroke
6the piston movesup the cylinder,it
compresses thefuel.At the sametime,the fuel valve
?the
opensandfreshfuelissuckedin.Just
pistonreachesthe top ofthe cylinder,the plugfires
agaÍnandthecyclerepeats.

!-ew
Two-strokeenginesarepowerfulfor their sizebut they
itup again. producea lot of pollution.Theywear badly and
sthey havebeenusedfor sometime,they
-__- produceoÍlysmoke.
@b"t SPARK PLUG
Go to Grammar reference p.117
I Link the pairs of actions with a suitable time word.
COMBUSTION
1 The wind turns the pump blades./ The piston
moves up and down.
2 The blade rotates./ Water is pumped from the well.
3 Baylis invented the clockwork radio. / He invented
the electric shoe.
4 The Internet existed./ The World Wide Web became
popular.
5 The generatorturns. / It produces electricity.
6 She left college'She became an engÍneer.
7 You apply the brakes./ The car slows down.
8 You press the accelerator./ The car speedsup.
 technology3l
Appropriate

Problem-solving Pairwork
The Stirling engine is a simple hot air engine. Look at I Work in pairs,A and B.Studythis photo of an
the diagram and put the sentences in the correct order appropriatetechnologydevice.Discusstogetherwhat
to explainhowitworks. itmightbe.
..u...:i:...r1 ()

?,
DISPLACER COOLED CHAMBER
PISTON

.E'Éff3-t
t.i
ll
((
't :i: :1 POWER
PISTON

Theair coolsand pressuredropsin the power Each ofyou has a diagram ofthe device.Exchange
cylinder. - information with your partner by asking and
b Thisdisplacesthe air to the hot end. - answering questions. Label all the components.

c Theair heatsup rapidly and pushesthe power Student A Go to p.111.

pistonbackupthecylinder. - Student B Go to p.113.

Thismovementrotatesthe flywheel,drawÍngthe f) Togetherdecide how the device operates.Then

displacerpistonto the coldendofthe cylinder. compare your explanation with the recording.

-
e Thepowerpistonmovesdownthecylinder.
f \Alhenthe displacer moves to the hot end of the
Speaking
cylinder,air is displaced to the cold end. - Studythesestatementsaboutappropriatetechnology.
Tick(/)the onesyou agreewith and cross(X)thoseyou
g This rotates the flywheel and moves the displacer
pistonbacktothe hot end. -
dÍsagreewith.
1 Appropriatetechnologyis onlyfor poorcountries.
Work in pairs.DecÍdewhich factor is the most
important to the successful functioning of the engine.
2 Technologystudentsshouldinvent and make
Can you explain why?
appropriatetechnologydevices.-
a The amount of heat applied
3 StudyÍngappropriatetechnologyis a waste of time.
b The size of the flywheel
The type of metal which the piston is made of
d The temperature difference between the ends of the 4 Appropriatetechnologyis out-of-datetechnology.
displacer cylinder
e The external airtemperature Now compareyour answerswith your partner.DÍscuss
f The diameter of the displacer cylinder the statementsyou disagreeabout.
What modern applicatÍonscanyouthink of forthe
Usefullanguage
Stirling engine?
Why doyou think that ..,? In my opÍnÍon, approprÍate
technology...
Don'tyou think that ' ' . ? My víewis that ' ..
l 2 U r r i t5

I
plant (n)l.rrgeirrdustrial
t r r l ,l.r i n e r y
hite (v)let sorrrebodyuse
s o n r e t h i nfgo ra s h o r tt i m e ,i n
t l t u r r tf o rt r . r v r t t e n t

Pronunciation
Nurnbersand quantities
I ( ) t < e u d o L t l i . l tr tt l t t t t l . t t : i . , tcr1. l' 1 . , . r - i t i t . i , : ' s . ' l ' l i , r t t I i r ; l . r t
a t r l c l r c . i \ r r - l l . rr . , v v .r s .
a 3.742 r' 16 KJ lz i 12V t)('
b 1150lrurr Í 30rrrÁ i 10"
c 250Nlu B OoC l.: 10 " B u p a n dd o w n ,
'7')",'" b a c k w a r d as r r d
d 60 cl-l h I 40:l
forwards
2 ( ) L i s t r : n : , r rrr"lv r i t r - ' J r r ,tr. vhntr r L r r n b ear ,r;r dq r - r r n t i t i e s
i r ' t t p t. t .s .

a
i n a s t r a i g h tl i n e
l.

) Go to Symbols and characters p.U4

Vocabulary
Describingrn@tiurr
1 M u t c ] r a c l j e c t i v c i l i , v , r r L i i l l l ' ,d i i ] ! ] í i 1 l i l :l ;' l : t r l!. r l l v r l l [ l E
r\ F.
ir..'
l,,uv
1 atLticL:r
2 clui:klvi,::'
colunrn of the
3 litrear rtner to draw
4 oscillatirrg
5 tecipr';r-rtirrg
6 rof:iry
 A p p r o p r i a t e t e c h n o l o g3y3

Checklist
Assessyour progressin this unit.
Tick(/) the statementswhich aretrue.

I know the wordsto describemovement

i n a m e c h a n i s ma n dt h e n a m e sf o r s i m p l e
mechanisms

I c a ne x p l a i nh o w a r n e c h a n i s m
works
CustomeÍCa]e Ic a n u n d e r s t a n d
a n d s a yn u m b e r sa n d
Explainingthe differencebetweenproducts quantitiesarcurately

I can expleirrthe differencebetween

products

M y r e a d i n ga n d l i s t e n i n ga r eg o o d
e n o u g f tro u n d e r s t a n dm o s to f e a c ht e x t
i r rt h i su n i t

Key words
Adjectives
rural
sound-proofed
two-stroke

Nouns
accelerator
Work ínpairs,A an<lB. compression
c r an k s h a f t
StudentA Go to p.111..
d o m e s t i ca p p l i a n c e
Student B e x h a u s tg a s
You are a customer at a plant hire cclmpany.You want fuel
to hire a portable generatorfor two weeks to provide generare
power for your horne.You don't want a noisy machirre pulley
and you only want to fill the tank once a day.It rrust be Noun and verb
easyto use ancl provide sufficient power for your pump
home.Y<-ru don,t watrt to pay tnclrethan € 4 0 a day.
Verbs
Useful language charge(batteries)
engage(gears)
What'sthe output?
wear
What kÍndoffuel does it use?
How often do I needto.fiIlit up? N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u th o w E n g l i s hi s u s e d
Is Íteasy to start? i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .
How noísyis ít?
How muchwÍIIit cost?