Free Elecbien, viabate Fes Elachn (outer shai!) Ge Elden Cloner shat!) Posibe fon Gere. Jn Isolated ater, Free Elackon ~ dheterminss tig elachyeat Pioperty Fen Elion Hoary Opfoizn betel Gaductvity metals Oho (pepetica . Applicable do Leth metala 2 hen matal Developed in. Ries. Main Shasjen a ae D Glassicat Rea Eleobeh Roop — Jropecel by Drude. Sint in T900. Acciaig chs Heat 7 re se adale eheys clarsical machanies” 3 Quorum chee Election Fhaary ~ Propated by Soromarfetd je 1938. According to chirs Hany Pres Elaeknn in matals obeys Gusta lous” 3) Zona (0 Bord -thacy — Proposed by Block in 1928 According tm thes dhamy * Pres Blastons hove in a plenicdte. field. provided by the lattice” De Classical Fee Elechon Posed on llowigg Patiuletes . 1) Th on atom electrons tetolus ‘rund Unuclaes and Matat Ts Gompeted of such ctoma 2 Vlalenen elections’ +P adem. aie santo inate Obout fia lhole Volume of thadok bike molscutes f Goa in Contosrar Pron Elaabron Inove in taro direckion 3 lalitle loft Pesise fons Axed to thie 6) Star frea ebsebona — All thor Dllision re clastic. C Mo Join/ lose fp energy’) Ay wh Eloabic Gold x applied ch petal, thee ebzobrons aca. accelireled in din cireebon Gpasiteds cheebon P applied Ebi fold - 5) Flacdon ehebibsbin in bared on Mariott - Pokeamanh disdibehe, fous ns Scanned by CamScann Scanned by CamScannerfe gos troleenlea 22 applying kind © Ascuming hee afeclras an Inean Ave Pale» telaxahon Pheory of gases — dvift lelouity , Eins. of elochers were arpained Dict vedocidy — Adele bionad. Velneity ob yarclora Velotity P Rhett. jn Prefenca. of elsohic Gell Mean feapub — Meroge distan as. povetted by etzelron bebesman hse Successive (lutions in Pretenea. f Elah, held ea Inote foson. ditlurded Rehrakon Gma. - Ce oie tes ae Gusitohed of. Sucen f fren Elan theory D Void eo hres Jaro 3) Explains EGehical 2 Harmak Conobeebivity of Pradale 3) Finds relation Jetwean Elskical 2 chernal Onduchridy Bprowsbocka of fren Ebelon Hovif > D Phebe elechic effect, Gmptor efpect 2% Plack hey radiation Penldae exploinad D The geofe heat P relal b And do be $52 bul Giperinente Volua. ip SR . / . i 8) LbobrcaL lorduehidy f cterilonclusdor [Tractor Covide\l oping A) fermegnadicm Couldn'é expliired, Also fhocveferl Value perarneg nape Sascep Ebi lity is grader Han experinanbal lelue ’ Scanned by CamScannerA Quortum free Glchwn theory cy —_— is Heay dleys Quanbum tmachonteal (ovas. Bemmerfeld appled Schredingers Gave equokion & dan Brey Ga. Wore Gencept -€ find expression dor elacdnn enargies foun diac Statistica wore Gnaidaed br partiee checdibation inskead of Morwell - Bolézmann Sadisdien Aceoding fo Quordare mackontin — Moving ParGeQe hoo Som. Sad-P ware metfor Then: waver tr Cde~Brglie sorelengtn’) Jo Chorackes22 treving parted hovigg Wove hretion — (PD - wavedanetion > Inbocluand [ete ta ‘probability of dndig €° in a ate] By Barnacle (y) claPreglia. boueberghs , Schrodirger Jove. ove “Geaton Ae mowing fardecla having toe hobion iin Cra dimensten- a oy oe ed on Schvedingat “Coowe apuation, Enea ie ae Loafer an (ED = MP ow wouedirchen @ particle yod= Ase ama > - Ce} ah prt & Flacknn pacses Wore hestire. 3 Aliourd onsrgy Gree elechrona 1. Juontired Loclrens Inave. cheat, Usilhin Certal -& het Allowed te Gave 2 fe Spend da tee Potential. favier Ob ths. Surhea 5) Disks bubion oft ebectona obey Kimi Dida Statieties Maids P . 1D Electnna ate hoviga. Wave Motion 4 a) Bepbins Elachical dnduchihy /ferral Concuchuity 2) Spesibc beak A Imatal” 7p Photactashe Meal 2, Complan abteck tore explained Scanned by CamScannerDemet Dlerenen. of fratals /'aern Goocuec Zola D peikde di D fs ldo a ha. Charge. Fronapore propardica Density Energy stale Defined 0a hamber ep avarlabG elucbron Slaten for une Vobima- In fa. ensigg Inderal €2 Ede and b denoted by ZC) To dnd 2 CE) Eepreviey Th a Fier makial , pare elestona per ane Volume. In 4 Gren barge oP Invest is Grea by % +f 2) Peerde 8 \ Where. 206) Incha. orga ER EHE b Gtien by 20M FE yt dn —> 0p the, Besipg of javbire © = 5 55 p= Lam _,py v > fanieyt 3G) Dids 4 CD on both sides andr = Smt Je : r «+(e [ale = PE] [sted de de ane = 0s) Sebsfidihig, az (3) Af) n (I) & Fe : a rs 2ce)de = Bal mt} 8 iB fel de “Fe [ Ea] % cent de Scanned by CamScanner= 4 Accorkiry 40 paulis exclusion (prinupt , boo claaknna of opposite SPine Can Sceapy ach salen 2 fone number eraigg elsten aoifabG ix 5 4 eedde =p 42 Bee Vel he d Hore @m)= am-En cote RT ONE am tga 2 de sa fan)" i) Fede = Gay RPL = 6) Qmy (3) Gany* 2ce)de = a cod” oF (OF de} Enerty bands jn sebide According lo Guantum tachanical face, cha. 2norgi’en B& cleobrens ina fea atom Con het hove. ark trary yobuen bub only Some dadinite Vales Th Teelated atom (@)= Z Al dodinite foliien when doo hrhet akma ae brerght Cater, ta. ouberiratt abt A oben overlap ond inderace e. (jews . , dick. hon. N ofems ave. Cnaishrad fe cm lid, ener apm H Gan etary Heat ta re ‘ogrfrsavn band Tha. Coicthe Piss bavd. dhpendaen ohgian ? perke st plechend of cxfj atent: Gora. ard Ie (ongeate for ouky Scanned by CamScanner. —~F Tt Sib lonaiderd, Qlecbenic. londguraon mo 12% ast aph saan o> (te) Jud wy FF nok 3} atoma are brooght Clocer (2 Indy abene spas, Yeducad ethan a [ Pes SASH Povtally Pld ast. Aled ie hit ———— lore lirebs Cinna) Fee Tinkrabemic pact 7 Tetponds dy outer mart Orbit “i “Cenduide ‘ and Innsr (3) roxé lower OL; hard balance an aoslabe bebe Rese evs aliowell enargy banda h ee forbidden Georgy gap () i Accordeng to wailth op tas, eb | ot tas Aebillen ene ny ae broadly Chessided 0, mctole, Enea ee Th tha @heve chagram- . —— The. Completely filtadl 38* Overlaps Wsith Patielle Aled spb of lower ohmic, -Speing ~ rebate As Ghomic_gpacieg, incrarua — Small Gop dccun hebiscin hlted Bern 3b Senilorduabe As dhonwe cpacies in haze - forbid 6p betesean fhe 38+ 2 3p6 Increases - Trantabe Kronig — Penney modal Te Is avsumed IN Quanfum pres elaehon heoy netale Phak chen Cbacbvenis in Maal expe 2 Zero pobembol (61) Gnadané potential and ic drew t» move In ths metal. on ders mary Jphenermsnc® Wine explainad Be Solifs bub coul bet gp bined lohy come ar. Crncdusedss) Gert Con dushs /: Lenox iho fetlune. wax Over oma. 19 bond /2one. Troop. which Shake ak élechon. (nave iin & Periodic. Potendttah Product. tte. Jom (oven, Tho potendtall Ehehon Varies Periodically Oty et odiuity of Toh Fore Scanned by CamScann Scanned by CamScanner7 t (Uys Maman lolen em ta Jey hetuven cdjurente nucle (dis Zee hear re fon Che Gi) puede y perly Schedingerd ma indoperclont> lave dv die Feo Yegrons © 7 ay dm det CE-V)y =0 Yenoe (He) OG = Po. leet fi oa in gin tho aun = be pot Bamce oy oe +2 (OY =6 0 For - be in dtegiam Y= Vy «than ay 2 Am . Ge * FD LEVY =e > Pat w= 2m (ey g pis an Be OP &® PE 20 (ye) 9 chan C27) xy ey FS et ep ce —-® -« om Pha 6 +>@) Acwidiey t Zone. fiisory yo ksi Pe, ate 5 ey DY}. 23.5) We ve ee fie = 2 5 Lu,coe] [a0] eo atte Se Agoin diff. to 1> bes &. = Be Se a, 6 fi, ave ‘fende) : oe = 2, seat Oe <1 UF pe Dl gy Sobstibding @® in (Sy ; en 3 + ake emo glia 5 tel on —_ oh 8 doe = HU HM ge a ae I Se tated a Cae “kk 20 —> @) Sti lacy ae @®ir & S% sarge Cpe Ds 20 —> fi) Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScannerSolutions Br ag G) 2) by Us Aer @D2, BetH™ p(y W, = colPD™ 4 ne-PHO™ __, ayy Apply beundaty Grdlilienn -t obdve 97 ator Sach That Utdso = OOS Uorea = Wtxab ou a Silaze = Stlace ot Salsa = Sea Then We gee, AtB > CHD —®& Ad GK) Ballet) = CCB-iK)-D (prt) —> (iD (BHO B 5G 3 Le Ae é Hay g ghia _ te - Db, oe eS (pHOL ay ite Bee piccrnetOPs opans™™ y crude” — op Br &2 08, &), 0) 208) a non Zam olution aert onl if chleminank fi dha Gefficient A,B, C.D larishae the I I 1 ny 12° ery) a Ga hae a : ee men oe oe ‘ é ‘ pid i x 0-198 _ fpya fae Seay Bie ~ RHE By Sigg che cddermninant G2 oO Ee 4 ph inkaa + Gahph Gehde = fas Cant) 7 (it) ad ; a> Agoin-Soligg Aho abe Fy of Sinead Here p- over of Potintiol coclt aS dl ond —1 al Scanned by CamScannerfo Aad Eragy of Particles _—— Gosia. Pet then 27 (9 betumes — ainda 20 and We know Sin nH=0 vo daz nF 3 k= ME y dts stat fom og (3) f= mE BE Then noah | PO [obs Yell a® Amn age pistseb Grong op: parbicla— steko Travlaligg peton Gattider P20 fhen og (18) belames (ada = Geka = lak 9 X2k™ bee know ko a ks Ae Also A*2 a (According & ole: Pola a abon) - Brogle (leave 27 Phan kts ERERUY ond dhs ARE Clon «9 8) aa 3 ime swt ‘Then aye Es ane nity? an Es Age int [ope var] ey ae fhe irdicalen: Hinahe- e804 a fe tice Ste @. sob Cie) parbich.h Caroplately ace . ‘Scanned by CamScannermissie Velyn Larson ty yepresertabor of Pe . two BP , dee) eT genoa ond Aadidden Zone. a de rey F Frew CLechar : onerny ¢ periedic Geld, Astctisities peceus at fades F ke Give Bf ke 22 phere n> 1, 24,45 ~~ a joe know K= = > 4 Ler & Bragg dffracken [aw de-s'b= na; (Sinfo°=D) ce And Zleckino provellirg Hapegh drm posedic orres ¢ ala orn an Hex Cobh’ Bragg hose. hus © hy Some chen in bpptol get dibhiatled When Hey ee pesto Gh dibferenk PE are peste & pols Bok”. allewed Eraigy .Thes Dons. 18 cabltad Seterd Brillesi’oey A disdntinuity jn enagy of elzcbron between ist 3 Setend Zore 0 Coltad forbicldan Borel eee Scanned by CamScanner irs ina Pooks as7 B= diggrom : 7 “SThie, dependence. ©P energy =P electron. 6 dho- lone. maraber Ye is grea by B-kediogiam - : There ato. Hex bypia of F-kdegtama D Rrtobe Done Schama — E-Bdigrom He felon ot Allourd enatgy Yolucn Conreapencting ce fee eee a on bog Obtoined Ly jhe. pened vepebtia Aatteowed band Can be br é fie vpn ~ Bek ce maa tohoke ff k-- Grae. B € ge ° 8 a) Eeferded Zone Sehare - E-b) degrom Dn thes. Gcheme. , different: banda asa chroson in Affbrent Donen In ke -Space. Honda @ dirlonlinutties obsoel a kat DE bine n= tt, £8,435 Ay: ’ Prbs Bae a Fen = Setord BPlieuin Bra. | The [2a = >| ZF o ff # 3 f Sh le deslentinueticn in dha Carve Js dua fo frost luo d teflrahons at eden of atlowed bands (ie) bez + Nafa D) Paduoed donz Schensen - E-Rbegramey Th thes Shaina, from right or Ltt Throwh olictan es. tohich ave. infeGrel muttpbes P&B 20 dak they arb Re loifhin tha indervaL FE RmLE He fat bri Uipuine Fora, 3. A) a) Scanned by CamScanner——— ae Direct and Thdireet band jn Sam Corel 1) Dreck bandgap in —sernd Gepost the, trdion 2 obsened ine ath _ than Ph, na ; Fe Bee aipacste [redineestonalex Pager] fine qe cared Dirck hard gp Somitrdaslsr. Hive. dha Fravimuy cheep Get Yolenar bard aigns tthe dhe Mininur, Srey Goel 2. Candace band... A dbvak YeCanbivelre ocean wrth telease of i eee CLibdben gp) betas. fons (eka, Thee Probebilly ot todiofe ye Gmbinafon i high and hence. dicot band gap ee Prekxed gov braking Optical —Sourcos Pied, Dvplay, later Alas fie ky Valuns of fubiorm oh Grcbuchon band and ep 4. (alano bond are. Came. Photon assteted frenudfion OCees ard Se lou Charge. in trometer Con Counc. teGombinabion: proces “bh pr leod £5 Ar Drreat bandgap Semilenduehr ! Gahs, 2% 2) Trdiveee band Sap Sa Semi Gndustors lve P ph, if Phe frdition b beer ved nek dhagram fn particular [reduced Zen EX dlogram qhen it is Called Indicol band 9p Semilrdahy Here Pe manienam. enorty Cone/ ot [eelener banc a and jncrimam enrargy Gucl # Corduher Lane are misaligned With reopek fo nomenfam, Dita fu peleAy differences jp tromenkum , fiat tra bremandam' cs by by veleare P enagy cant only aflr both dhs. inomante align — Then Prbability of kadiabie. YeleoBrabkan ys Gnparabioty (rus. Meso k Yaluar a hebtarn cp abou Band cre cliffecnt- Hae. Sepdeon bg and hep cleus which Is hot2erJal th hature athe fro isteel Cransition Om dels ook, Land sin Lo! anche Ne before Puss ‘ SBion I hanona. onponied by chan emission [ahsosphur of Scanned by CamScanner/ / Ab teok, ate the borcls belmo ke aun dildo ® aut Cele aleve Ep Ge Comptely emply br Gin system, twhen T> ok dren E= Ep , - +, :+-:.3 dU)? Tyee Te lohen Took , Some level chore Ge portal “gama (avele belo Bp are partially erply Trttuenen donee ard Geplr In_ Seether Th pie Semidandusehe like 28, Gey Gre intact and re fea nn & » Ta 6rdar fo Gonduucty : i ne be pe iota tha Corduabior. iy Cosoet din Eohiddan. IP se hell thot prods Lo be applied do dle Tes wa Stvncly fig Tae ear pal by whch Lporaton Can ben broughte fs by Phmmet ence AL Wom Lemperadine» Hermal energy available dan. exer Lintted umber @ccount dex Semigandurbsn. | Tn Tntrinnic, Seni Gend the eee dua db fhe Ininnsic proceisea Anrackrishs of tha Grylal > guesdion Te SF AGe are borridared, fa efPefona Hat are oral Fron bp P Yelena banc to bottom — Gndution bard by dhsrma0. energy oreweapersibG dv Gnduchon (Ep) in. Sach Corea Crea pile. of fubidden enerzy 997 (B). han, Clechona repuina lowe eneiy do Crome dee pa bond Gop. -> Eleckical Gonclue bey leone cfeereres. Th ctoley do increas = ehachrical ndash toe hove de adel inspanifics dy a Saniibordapy tohich vif] jrerene Gneenhokon of pz end heh da. Fermi Grol , choix Carrier Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScannerr DIniuene f Donor ie Pe M i J wlth Penta tolant Grvider Pore Servilonduchy is adeled with j Jenene bien of Penta ralant inparty pies then elechor oe vasa octen Tt fon Land Lp bs fewrn’ lave Be) gee Codachore prandiand fizq ebachon bral called Loney bret (&) “Esk 2D Th heen a Bcceper- Se ee nso Pere Senronciiedr Je allad tite ~Biraleng Innperticy « Tha. adeltton P Lsralant ;} erty Gea bo ba 2 Presene hear pho tep op lalene bard ant chhk ims £9 BD beter. Yolena band &) and Aok b® Clad’ aapbr bele) Scanned by CamScannerGneipt of Phonons Particles deritel fom Ha vibrations ef atoma jo o-Gebed capted Phonons - Also Called Juasi porticlen . . Lhevacheristion <2 phonona 1 Phonon Cargy tromanta , Ereiny 2 Phenena do hak Zavry any pare in ablening. Hea indanak Sprache oF any hast bedy 3) Accondieg, to Ament Shodiem , Phonon ob not have a teak mos eo hak Breratt mass charge in fa. parle or 7 Coliisions P= hesligible BD Te Can trowet dior ora objeck & anethor 5) They are yexpontihe fe elechical anal. tarraak properties of Gndensed madier Bt hon took man fo Merge moss- 2) Legiend'aR droves Tha Bneyy ot Phonom = ho P = Cary Hence in Lethe sft, brations ate Created % boris He uortised loosent 2k eroyy F Vibrabon IS Phonon Non - egurlebi om. Carter daosidyen - ( Propertes fb Cavtext) Up unbil now, Wz howe on conaicled Ho. Harmal aguillrien Carrer danardies, Ne ond P,. Lbwerer nest davian GP jrkveale are noe /n fearmod aysbhriom . “Tha. Corabont Perapevabure fs not « SukA ene Gandhian. bo cfeaxrnad. Jul bien Ty dack, applyig 2 nor~Zeve volbaze ts q duie_(r) jdemineting he cons Gghe il Cause & hen et (lium Cenaidten, even if Ha Lemperatne 1S Gnadané To duerile a System zhob ts noe In Thatmok puibhe: vem, we aasoma that each, of Pa. Carder dietvbubers /'s “Belt in apesbbium, coith sel uch aasemplion IS Juskitiol on the beste. thot etechors fealily inderacé wR each oftat Sad prberack: with holes only on ruth logey Gren Seale. Scanned by CamScanner‘ clackron chnsifty con SEU be tatentohe, tsi) cn : es chsbibett on anchor , bute with. a Lith, ree Bugg , Yea tel caver fansldy a Tene daginarake Semilorduchr 1's thon cascnibed by Nantdn = ny exp [4] Where Sn — eXeea eleshon density Ey ~ Jussi fers Crag! doe na Sid bd a ie e = RedP = hy exp [4 P lhare fp — Excens hol. clones'dy Ar Ep- Juss — fermi erangy fee hela Scanned by CamScannerfffeckie moss Pp electron ord “hole Cm) When on Llecben in a periodic polntiol F pattion. accelerated by an elachic Gald ov inagretic Giald, han the mass PP elector is Called offeche mass Crt orcs. aching on ebsshon (E) = nt xa OF Tht According fo duandum. thaoy, eleehon Inorg weit lebecity wm Con be treated os wove pockee nonig wits grep reboot. ye 422m) Le oz #2] igs Beano d[Elee [er ek] be ig] o g Coe Since , Aceclsation @ = de B [ECE]: pope a1 ve , de dk 5 @ Fo dede 5 a dé lz knovo peth G2 ke 38.6)! AFP a k= We a KEP = ® Dien ® gordo (E) hen a 4g , ponae fo eA £=4 4-6 ub Bin © dts as al ae (£) a> £ (df) > & ov Conporirg, 4 ® ord 70; ten. Vogt S Yo (She) Wa wee hE (AE) BO [HE ide) b debevininad by [alte at etter. Ime + (“E.) The abo. 27 oho ip high Which 6 durvabne > Jp lage - Dp Smarg - al Scanned by CamScannerfrecmi vet tx ingordant in Hheary of Sob, which desilas elechical Conduesividy, and in particular for Lr Conducta The loncepe actually Canta ftom fermidbra satics - ee L (ied For @ gen ays 2 > era, © Ee] fig umber 4 portiele jn onerty rere AE) Ep ~ farm Energy E;- Erargy of allowed! rele 5 Gp- Aloud Energy slates in He PAY tee (dE Peni biel x determined by fered Every Eneny af highak occepied boelat Took: dor daa Gren Spatem e Fe then T20k & = ET" Ga) when T> ok ie &, (- E EY) taken. Ge, fermi Enegy ab Te 0k, token Fermperatave Inereaes , Ep sighty decrensea jon = debermined fy wsipy farm drae wobability PO desbibubon fanckor- te) Ne Bois ford dae distiiba bien function Baan $4) =“ ye55 (a) — Allowed Enagy stake in eragy roye Je) pile) - Number ¢ partrels in (fis. Soma verge te), dtl? Fie) * 9 Eton GE) hor Valuso bekweon (eyandlt) robobi lity of partic ocexpalion fo gen Spake oe e i) whan ELE 2 Bo Rae poy . He): >t 2) Ie To fiy When E> ke Beate quantity du. De fee) = het ha Scanned by CamScanne1 Scanned by CamScannerjs Took, att dha dowels belay & » fy above Ep Gre Conyrately DSP Gee hlted ROU loses, PLY de Sin dle, When T> ok then E> Ep de): +,+-: 4 I4e° Ta F ° TS 0 twhen Took , Some levels chore Ge Oe porkialyy shu chit Some levels below Ep are porbally empby E Thftsen ce GB donor and Goepler jn Rerianducdor Th Pu, Semionduuhe like 8, Ge, aut dn bale he Evel intack and ho frea Factors ae 4 oa by Clee ec, Th oidar to nde thee eect fom OF wane oe Valente bane! hove de hove inde Be ey dh. bobdden 271 IP a bo be applied do de Hes ve held Lrot paads % be ofp” wh dha Te one "ge. hae cfhax possibility by thock thes teorke as brought is by fharmol RRL. Scanned by CamScanner Scanned by CamScanner