Fractals

<p class="Abstract" style="margin-left:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:

12.0pt">FUNDING HYPERLEDGER BLOCKCHAIN DAPP FOR COVID19 PANDEMIC
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
--Manuscript Draft--

Manuscript Number: Fractals-D-22-00143R1

Full Title: <p class="Abstract" style="margin-left:0cm"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:

12.0pt">FUNDING HYPERLEDGER BLOCKCHAIN DAPP FOR COVID19 PANDEMIC
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>

Article Type: Research Paper

Keywords: Hyperledger; Oracles; Smart contract

Abstract: ICO strategy has worked so far to fund any project. In this scheme, the ICO launch a
token playing the stake role, the more people buy tokens, the more funding for the
projects. The stakeholders also earn money if the project gains more reliability and
more people buy this token. In other words, an ICO strategy works based on selling
and buying tokens either; security, utility, equity, etc. However, this paper’s focus is on
using oracles and Hyperledger, which means, that there is no need to launch a token
but it uses network block-chain benefits, particularly oracles and the Ethereum virtual
machine, not the Ethereum blockchain platform but its virtual machine. Since this is a
proposal to be used for governmental or corporate usage, the Hyperledger and oracles
strategy fits better. Funds for this use case are health field, specifically to pale the
covid-19 pandemic. The system’s reliability is the core to attracting investors and
donors to fund the system if it guarantees that resources will get to the right destiny.
DAPP is based on a smart contract aligned to smart societies’ concepts to ensure
system sustainability.

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SOCIETIES 270422.pdf

FUNDING HYPERLEDGER BLOCKCHAIN DAPP FOR COVID19

PANDEMIC

Abstract

ICO strategy has worked so far to fund any project. In this scheme, the ICO
launch a token playing the stake role, the more people buy tokens, the more
funding for the projects. The stakeholders also earn money if the project gains
more reliability and more people buy this token. In other words, an ICO strategy
works based on selling and buying tokens either; security, utility, equity, etc.
However, this paper’s focus is on using oracles and Hyperledger, which means,
that there is no need to launch a token but it uses network block-chain benefits,
particularly oracles and the Ethereum virtual machine, not the Ethereum
blockchain platform but its virtual machine. Since this is a proposal to be used
for governmental or corporate usage, the Hyperledger and oracles strategy fits
better. Funds for this use case are health field, specifically to pale the covid-19
pandemic. The system’s reliability is the core to attracting investors and donors
to fund the system if it guarantees that resources will get to the right destiny.
DAPP is based on a smart contract aligned to smart societies’ concepts to
ensure system sustainability.

Keywords —Hyperledger; Oracles; Smart contract.

1
1. INTRODUCTION
Intel, IBM, HITACHI, and some other corporations are participating in the
Hyperledger Linux Foundation initiative1-2. This initiative complements the
ICO3 scheme where funding is based on buying/selling a token and the price of
token and funding is increasing as long as more tokens are demanded in a public
network, as is the traditional tokens examples4: NFT, security, utility, equity,
etc. Hyperledger platform, has some benefits that traditional crypto platforms
do not have: speed and it is accessible to code smart contracts5-10 with a variety
of languages, but it is for focused private networks used by corporations.
Private networks allow block-chain to ease speed (>2000tps) and security by
not using too many nodes there are some kinds of nodes/peers in this scheme:
committing, ordering, and endorsing peers. In the traditional decentralized
system, all nodes have the ledger, which means, all nodes have the same
information, but Hyperledger has different nodes with different functions;
ordering peers to do the consensus to solve the border gateway protocol
(BGP)11, endorsing peers representing each network (LAN) and commitment
peers containing the ledger. If not all the nodes have the ledger, then the speed
can be fast (>2000tps).
In the ICO strategy, the redundance byzantine fault tolerance (RBFT) 12 can be
solved by several public network types of consensus13; proof of work (as used
in bitcoin), proof of stake with some variants, proof of importance, etc. In the
Hyperledger, the BGP has been solved by a lottery permission scheme or a
voting permission scheme14, for example, the following types of consensus:
kafka15 in the Hyperledger fabric project from IBM, redundance byzantine fault
tolerance (RBFT) in the Indy project from British Columbia, sumeragi in the
burrow project from monax, proof of elapsed time (PoET) in the sawtooth
Hyperledger, etc. In this use case, the Apache Kafka consensus is used and
tested. The Kafka consensus is a permissioned voting based, the leader does the
ordering and only in synchronized replicas can be voted as a leader (Kafka
2017).
The Merkle16-19 is a pillar to simplify the ledger cutting off branches of the
blockchain in a public network, but a Hyperledger (a private network) is not
required because the private network is not as big as the public network.
Smart societies20 looks that smart cities, social networks, and economical
societies formed by corporations and governmental organizations instead of
doing only smart systems. Some pillars of smart societies are health, security,
society prosperity, safety, sustainable ecosystems, etc. Therefore, this
Hyperledger application includes health, security, society prosperity, safety,
and sustainable ecosystems elements intrinsically. The architecture trend of the
current smart societies is based on the blockchain internet of things (BIoT). In
this case, the blockchain is coded with Hyperledger tools, and the internet of
things is based on all the user’s terminal devices entering information into the
system; Mobil devices, tablets, desktops, transactions GPS terminal devices,
etc.
Some decentralized public systems have also been proposed21-23 but this
application is an ad-hoc proposal for private corporations and governmental
organizations to attack pandemics; especially the COVID_19 use case.
The main objective is to develop an expert system for funding24-25.
Donations can be made with FIAT money to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
Donating goods or money is a common practice among companies, non-
governmental organizations, and individuals. In the field of solidarity, the
donor is carried out and motivated with tax benefits.
Although various donation systems on the market today can help us in
fundraising; However, it is an expert system designed ad-hoc for the COVID-
19 pandemic with BIoT; the impact of using the BIoT concept is to send all the
data to the Internet cloud to form a large data repository, and the impact of
using KAFKA algorithm is to avoid saturation in the blockchain ecosystem.
The expert system is a funding system for raising funds via FIAT or tokens to
support the COVID-19 pandemic using the hyper ledger blockchain platform.
This system has an intelligent contract that meets the characteristics of being
reliable, versatile, accessible, and sustainable; and at the same time contributes
to a documented study that serves as a reference for future similar works, given
that the use of blockchain technology is not yet in daily use for this type of
application.
This study analyzes the parameter estimation on funding systems to combat
the COVID-19 pandemic to meet the essential characteristics of this type of
system; reliable, versatile, accessible, sustainable, and efficient.
Smart contracts can be successfully optimized using the Kafka consensus
algorithm. The use of this algorithm is essential when using big data around the
smart contract. Stability analysis of smart contracts is also needed to avoid
saturation.
 2. HYPERLEDGER DOCOVID DAPP

HYPERLEDGER
APLICATIONS MANUFACTURING, GOVERMENT, HEALTH CARE, SERVICES SECTOR

a) SERVICE SUBLAYER,
b) CONSENSUS NETWORK SUBLAYER,
c) DATA SUBLAYER: ALGORITHMS, DIGITAL SIGNATURES.
BLOCK-CHAIN
d) SMART CONTRACTS,
LAYER
e) RBFT,
f) PEERS: ENDORSING, ORDERING, VALIDATION.

PUBLIC NETWORK
FUNDING ➔ EVM (ETHEREUM VIRTUAL MACHINE PERMISSION) ➔
DECENTRALIZED IDENTIFIER CRYPTO PERMISSION ➔
COMMUNICA-
TIONS
PRIVATE NETWORK
LAYERS
TRUST CREDENTIAL EXCHANGE ➔ ISSUER-HOLDER-VERIFIER:
Fig. 1. (TRUSTED VERIFICATION)
➔ EXTERNAL DATA

DATA INTERFACES

APIS/ORACLE (broadcast and message delivery)

a) TRUST ANCHOR,
b) CREDENTIAL REGISTRY,
GOVERNANCE c) GOVERNANCE,
FRAMEWORK d) AUDITOR,
e) AUTHORITY,

a) BAR CODE TRANSACTION (BANK CARD),

b) GPS (GEOPOSITIONSATELITE) TERMINAL
IoT c) TRANSACTION,
LAYER d)WEB APP TRANSACTION,
e) MOBIL APP TRANSACTION,
f) TAG SENSOR.

Fig. 1 Hyperledger DAPP architecture.

In figure 1, we can see that a Hyperledger application can be applied to any
kind of service and products sector: Manufacturing, government organizations,
healthcare financial services, etc. as long as it has a private network. It can use
an Ethereum virtual machine for permission to enter the private network and it
can use APIs/oracles to interact with the external world and/or public networks
but it does not mean that uses a public blockchain (ETH, TRON, CARDANO,
etc.). However, it is possible to build a hybrid network, but this is not the case.
The layers shown in figure 1 are as follows:
Blockchain layer: This layer is performed in the open-source fabric framework
v1.4 with the Apache Kafka algorithm done by IBM. Since this framework is
oriented to finance and IoT applications. This framework (fabric) provides
crash tolerance; therefore, a stability study is not necessary but it does not
provide byzantine fault tolerance, this means a risk to reach an agreement of
attack but we are giving greater weight to the public service authentication.
This layer contains the service sublayer which has the smart contract
(responsible for processing the transaction requirements and determining
whether or not the transactions are valid to execute the resources logic). The
consensus sublayer uses the Kafka algorithm (in this sublayer, the agreement
of the ordering and confirmation is done for the transactions in a block). The
network sublayer is formed by the commitment, ordering, and endorsing peers
and, the data sublayer stores the proper blockchain data (hashes, crypto
algorithms, digital signatures, etc.). In this case, the SHA-256 is used26.
Communication layer: This layer is responsible for transporting peer-to-peer
messages/ funding information between participating nodes in a shared ledger
instance. The information departs from the system´s user terminal device to the
identity services which allows establishing a trusted path during the setup of a
blockchain instance for the enrollment and registration of entities in the system
during the operation of the network and the management of changes, such as
eliminations, registrations, and revocations. It also provides identification and
authorization. The identity service starts in the Ethereum virtual machine
(EVM) to get permission to access thru a decentralized identifier the private
network. The communication layer uses public network tools (EVM and the
identifier) as a cryptographic trust filter to enter to private network but the
blockchain is not in the public network. The user goes to another identity
service to access the private network, this authentication is based on a trust
credential exchange with the private server. Therefore, the cryptographic filter
complements the private filter making the Hyperledger blockchain easy to use.
The APIs and/or oracles play an important role here since they make available
different data stores to be used by other modules and, allow different
cryptographic algorithms to be interchanged without affecting other modules.
In simple words, they get information from the external world and update the
blockchain. They are necessary for this application to update the systems
metrics: total amount funding, delivered funding, beneficiaries list, users list,
etc. Here there is a system weakness, the system has a crypto trust filter but the
system is vulnerable to internal Hyperledger peers. In this application, the
APIs/Oracles enable clients and applications to interact with the blockchain and
they make possible the interoperation and support operations between different
blockchain instances (Ethereum and Hyperledger). Therefore, this application
can be scalable to a hybrid system (public and private) or be connected to a
funding system built-in Ethereum blockchain platform.
Governance framework layer: This layer has the elements to control and
ensure sustainability, these elements are: Trust anchor which is the
representative of a specific network, the credential registry for the identity
services, the governance authority, and the auditor to monitor the system
integrity.
IoT layer: Any device working as a user terminal plays the role of gathering
data; either a bar code transaction, a GPS terminal payment system, a web app
for transactions, a Mobil app for transactions, a tag sensor, etc. Every device
has a mac address labeling the device as a user with an encrypted identity
therefore the users can be anonymous or declare the user data to get a deducible
tax invoice if required, the user data is stored in the blockchain.
 USER INTERNET EVM CASH
INTERFACE OF THINGS PERMISSION DATA BASE FLOW
API/ORACLE FUNDING

IoT PRIVATE PUBLIC

HYPERLEDGER:
GATHERNING BLOCKCHAIN: DATA,
EXPLORER, DELIVERY OF
DATA KAFKA ALGORITHM PRIVATE
CELLO, RESOURCES
BY USER AND DATA
USER BOT,
TERMINAL SMART CONTRACT IN
API/ORACLE
AND DEVICES IBM FABRIC
FRAMEWORK

SMART SOCIETY FOCUS

SAFETY SECURITY SUSTAINABILITY

HEALTH (NO NEED TO (NO MINING
(TRUSTED
(BRINGING GO OUTSIDE REQUIRED)
TRANSACTIONS)
DOWN COVID 19) TO MAKE
TRANSACTIONS) COVID 19
Fig. 2 Hyperledger DAPP data flow.

Figure 2 mentions public data and private data; pubic data are open data and
public data are data only accessible by the private company owner of the
blockchain. EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) plays the role of a crypto filter
to secure the ss to the private blockchain, therefore EVM makes the private
blockchain enough reliable to use a Kafka algorithm which has no problem
with the Byzantine fault tolerance consensus algorithm.
Figure 3 Kafka consensus algorithm cluster architecture.

Figure 3 shows the Kafka consensus algorithm. Clusters have fast

communications between the servers and the users, this is trustless
communication to be fast. Kafka algorithm does not consider the PFBT
algorithm, therefore is fully secure but security also relies on encrypted EVM
authentication.
3.- GLOBAL COVID EVOLUTION

Fig. 4 Daily deaths by COVID.

USA

4000

2000

US

Fig. 4 Daily deaths by COVID.

This seems to be a fractal so far, but this curve shown in this figure 4 27will
have to drop sooner or later by vaccination and herd immunity, but the idea of
a funding system is to accelerate the fall of cases and save lives. Figure 4 shows
deaths but there is a correlation between the cases and the deaths (5% to 20%
deaths of the cases), therefore the curve of the case has the same shape.
The funding system, in general, is focused on a private network (Hyperledger
blockchain) to be used by nonprofit organizations. The rising money is
destinated to save lives (covid treatments, vaccine research, and vaccines), the
general dynamic system is shown in figure 5.
Fig. 5 Dynamic system map.

Figure 5 deploys the funding dynamic system homeostasis variables. The

resources to attend a pandemic should be according to the needs of the Covid-
19 pandemic28-30. Therefore, a size campaign is just like the actuator to get more
resources when the need increases or decreases over time.
We can see so far, the general relations between the total funding (the primary
variable) in a period and the secondary variables (the rest of the variables). The
funding system (see fig. 5) is updated every week with new resources needed
to be satisfied, therefore, the system can be seen as a variable discrete system.
However, parameter estimation is needed to identify the system for each period
based on a general infection system the Kermack-McKendrick Model, where
the pandemic curve is based on a Hyperbolic secant distribution as follows
(please see equation 1):

𝑧̇ = 𝐶1 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 (𝐶2 *t -𝐶3 ) (1)

Where Z is the number of cases, 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 , and 𝐶3 are parameter of the model and
t is the time.
Based on a general probabilistic nonlinear system black box with a single-input
and single-output (SISO) model, and simplified using ranges with the following
features: linear and time-invariant with adhered noise (covid outbreaks) to the
internal state and output. The model can be expressed in the following
equations (2) and (3) (ARMA model) 31-32.
The Autoregressive-Moving Average (ARMA) model is a well-researched
forecasting tool that provides good quality short-term forecasts on stationary,
non-seasonal time series.
𝑥̃𝑘+1 = 𝑎𝑥̃𝑘 + 𝑏𝑤 ̃𝑘 (2)

𝑦̃𝑘 = 𝑐𝑥̃𝑘 + 𝑑𝑣̃𝑘 (3)

Where 𝑥𝑘 𝜖𝑅 𝑛 , 𝑦𝑘 𝜖𝑅 𝑝 are the internal and output variables and 𝑤𝑘 𝜖𝑅 𝑙 , 𝑣𝑘 𝜖𝑅 𝑝

are noises with mean value equal to zero being stationary with a white noise
(delivered resources variability).
The space state equations (2) and (3) help us to build the ARMA model in a
recursive form. Where the noise is now a combination thereof and added to the
output system, see equations (4) and (5).

𝑦̂𝑘 = 𝑦̂𝑘−1 + 𝑉̂ 𝑚𝑘 (4)

𝑉̂ 𝑚𝑘 = −𝑎𝑑𝑣̃𝑘−1 + 𝑑𝑤 ̃ 𝑘−1 (5)
+ 𝑏𝑤̃ 𝑘−1

And, considering the SIR 33-36 model proposal our nonlinear system is based on
three equations:
𝑆̇ = −𝛽𝑆𝐼, t ≥ 0 (6)
̇𝐼 = 𝛽𝑆𝐼 − 𝛾𝐼, t ≥ 0 (7)
𝑅̇ = 𝛾𝐼 t ≥ 0 (8)
N= S+I+R t ≥ 0 (9)
Where S is the number of susceptible people (people exposed to covid), I is the
number of infected people, R is the number of recovered people and dead, and
N is the total population in an initial time of 0. 𝛽 is the infection rate and gamma
𝛾 is the recovery rate. Equations 6,7,8 and 9 represent the model SIR is a simple
design but works as a start point for many pandemic models.
The key value governing the time evolution of these equations is the so-called
epidemiological threshold;

𝑂𝐵0 = 𝛽𝑆/𝛾 (10)

Where OB is defined as the number of the Pandemic outbreaks, therefore, it

determines the number of people infected by contact with a single infected
person before his death or recovery (because of massive negligence or a new
variant), in total the world has had 4 spikes (please see fig. 2), therefore OB =
4. When OB<1, each person who contracts the disease will infect fewer than
one person before dying or recovering, so the outbreak will peter out (𝑰̇ < 0)
because of the curve will have a permanent descending ramp. When OB>1,
each person who gets the disease will infect more than one person, so the
epidemic will spread (𝑰̇ > 0), since the slope is positive the curve increase. OB
is probably the single most important quantity in epidemiology.
The funding system can reduce drastically the R variable destination resources
for covid treatment and the I variable destination resources for vaccine research
and vaccine production if it is already invented, it is only needing a reliable and
efficient funding system, either with private or public funding blockchain.
Private blockchain in this use case. Therefore, we can add a factor to R and I
due to the delivered resources by this system;

𝐷𝑅𝑉 = 𝑆𝐶𝐼(1/𝐼) (11)

𝐷𝑅𝑇 = 𝑆𝐶𝐼(𝑅) (12)
DR=DRV+SCI (13)

Where;
DRV is the delivered resources related to vaccines.
SCI is the system constant related to infections cases,
DRT is the delivered resources related to treatments,
SCI is the system constant related to the recovery cases,
DR is the total delivered resources.
The parameters estimation is done using the recursive ARMA model from
equations (2) and (3) and the optimal parameters are found using the function
lsqnonlin (Nonlinear least-squares solver) that solves nonlinear least-squares
curve fitting problems37.
Once the system is identified, we can see the funding system as a homeostasis
system requiring an equilibrium. Since the total funding amount is the primary
variable to control, this needs to be regulated to satisfy the delivered resources
accordingly to (I) until becoming 0 (zero infected cases), or it can be seen as
a binomial probability (see eq. 13) issue with two cases37: the possibility to
get a new outbreak or the possibility of not getting a new outbreak if the
delivered resources are unlimited to apply, but this case of seeing the control
system as a binomial probability depends on the available resources to make
it happens.
𝑛𝐶 x px (1-p)n-x (14)

Where p is the probability that an outbreak happens, x is the number of

sources outbreaks cases (1 because 1 is a sufficient condition), n is the total
number of sources outbreak cases (12 = 11 variant cases + 1 per negligence
massive case), and C which is the combination for n and x.
Considering the control module with a state variables system is more realistic
because it depends on the available resources causing outbreaks but finally
getting the outbreaks to zero along the time. This study does not consider a
cost study for treatments and vaccines but a hypothetical correlation factor is
estimated to make the system works. This DAPP accuracy depends on data,
the more data the more system reliability. There is not enough accurate covid
model so far, but existing models will be adjusted as long as more data
becomes.
The system can be represented as:
𝑋̇𝑡 = 𝐴𝑋𝑡 + 𝐵𝑤𝑡 (15)
𝑌𝑡 = 𝐶𝑋𝑡 + 𝐷𝑤𝑡

Where the matrix order corresponds to the differential equation order with
 [𝑛×𝑛] [𝑛×1] [𝑛×𝑛] [𝑛×1]
𝐴 ∈ ℝ[0,−∞] , 𝐵 ∈ ℝ[0,1] , 𝐶 ∈ ℝ[1,−1] , 𝐷 ∈ ℝ[0,1] , 𝑤𝑡 ∈ 𝑁{𝜇𝑤𝑡 , 𝜎𝑤2𝑡 < ∞}

The control law system 𝑉𝑡 ∗ (Lyapunov variable37) with respect to (15) has the
form
𝑉𝑡 ∗ = 𝐻 + (𝐸𝑡 − 𝐺𝑌𝑡 ) (16)

With H+ the pseudo-inverse matrix of H (a matrix to find that fits the

Lyapunov law), the innovation process Et is considered in (16), and 𝐺, as an
unknown matrix having the form 𝐺.

Let the system (15) accomplish with

𝑀𝑡 𝑀̇𝑡𝑇 < 0 (17)

Where the trajectory region with respect to the gain matrix 𝑴𝒕 , is described
in
𝑀̇𝑡 = −𝐹𝑡 (18)

With 𝑭𝒕 , a continuous function bounded by intervals with uniform measure t,

accomplishing with the innovation process
𝑌̂̇ = 𝑌̇ + 𝐹
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 (19)

Considering (16) we have

 −𝐹𝑡 = 𝐺𝑌𝑡 + 𝐻𝑉𝑡 − 𝑌̂𝑡 (20)

The difference between 𝑌̂𝑡̇ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑡 in (18) is described in (20)

(𝐹(𝑡) − 𝑌̂(𝑡)) = −𝐺𝑌𝑡 − 𝐻𝑉𝑡 (21)

The system innovation process 𝑬𝒕 according to (19), it is described in

𝐸𝑡 = 𝑌̂𝑡̇ − 𝐹𝑡 (22)

(15) in (18) and 𝑽𝒕 , is developed in

𝑉𝑡 ∗ = 𝐻 + (𝐸𝑡 ∗ − 𝐺𝑌𝑡 ) (23)

4.- RESULTS

Fig. 6 Dynamic SIR prevalence

Figure 6 shows the S, I, and R behaviors, please note that the dynamic behavior
is similar to a square hyperbolic secant in t ≥ 0, also please note that this model
matches for OB = 0 therefore it only matches in the first outbreak period;
between t = 0 until the second outbreak appeared, approximately from the
march the middle to may the middle (please see fig. 4). However, as long as,
there is a new outbreak, the dynamic system will behave as a fractal with
recursive SIR patterns until the herd immunity. We are considering that global
herd immunity has not been reached.
Fig. 7 Dynamic susceptible prevalence using vaccines.

Figure 7 shows the susceptible prevalence for each outbreak, the outbreak
spikes are approximately in the following months according to figure 4: OB1
in April 2020, OB2 in January 2021, OB3 in April 2021, and an OB4 in January
2022.

Fig. 8 Funding dynamic behavior.

Each outbreak from figure 8 can be seen as a perturbance or noise in a pandemic
control system. Preventative actions are taken to control the pandemic: Mask
usage, isolation, treatments, etc. Then, the pandemic is controlled as seen in
figure 4 but suddenly a new outbreak happens. The outbreak general function
(noise) can be seen as a unitary hyperbolic secant for t ≥ 0. Our control
pandemic system can be seen as a dynamic system controlled by funding.

PANDEMIC S, I, R, OUTPUT
INPUT
PROCESS INFECTED IN t ≥ 0
INFECTED = 0

FUNDING =>
PANDEMIC SUPPORT
(TREATMENTS AND VACCINES

Figure 9 Pandemic S I R control system.

The pandemic SIR control system (please see figure 9) only considers treatment
and vaccines elements in the controller since other actions such as mask usage
and isolation are already under the people’s consciousness so far and for
following pandemics. This control system applies and procures the required
funding according to the dynamic behavior of figure 9.
Figure 10 Output funding dynamic function.

In figure 10 can be seen the dynamic funding control action, this is the funding
that the system must have to deliver the proper resources to pandemic
treatments and vaccines. There is a correlation between the funding control, the
funding rise, and the delivered resources.

Figure 11 Dynamic mse function.

Figure 11 shows the dynamic error function for the funding control system. It
reaches 0 in approximately 0.25 months (1 week). This is a simplistic dynamic
control considering a perfect funding application without considering a delay.

Table 1 shows the Funding system Hyperledger blockchain characteristics used

in the test net: ingress, egress, and request speed are fast compared with an
Ethereum platform blockchain, however, the Ethereum blockchain is more
secure.
Table 1 Funding system Hyperledger blockchain characteristics

DIMENSION CAPABILITY

Ingress Max 100MBps

Egress Max 100MBps

Total client connections 1000

Requests Max 15000 per second

Request size Max 100MB

Connector tasks per Kafka cluster Max 250

API keys 20
Figure 12 Hyperledger blockchain transactions.
Figure 12 shows the transactions timestamps. These are overall transactions
related to fundings users, resources receiver users, and system administrator
Hyperledger user transactions.
Brokers can be scalable

Throughput in MB/s
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Figure 13 Throughput per broker’s number

Figure 13 can show the Hyperledger blockchain scalability and shows
approximately proportional scalability growth. There is no saturation after the
time, therefore we can say that the system is scalable. The scalability is an
issue for public decentralized networks (e.g., Ethereum blockchain) but not
for private distributed networks (e.g., Hyperledger blockchain).

HYPERDONACOVID BOT
Funder ID
0x49EF4aE5B9Cd354d7A9cB159E3cB125b0DD6b10F

Funding balance
0.001 ETH

Figure 14 Hyperdonacovid bot.

Figure 14 shows the hyperdonacovid main chatbot menu (Funding
dashboard). This is the main page to click the choice: settings, Fund/donate
to make a donation, user profile (donor, donation receiver, administrator),
funding history to see the transactions done. This works with a Hyperledger
blockchain expert system38-42 with blockchain.
CONCLUSIONS
The COVID19 pandemic dynamic behavior can be understood as fractal with
periods based on the SIR pandemic model (please see fig. 6), every period
caused by an outbreak; with 4 main outbreaks (OB) in total (please see fig. 4).
Every period outbreak can be seen as a hyperbolic secant for t ≥ 0 in a separately
way and, the prevalence shown in figure 7 say that OB1 is the biggest one since
it was the first one taken the world unprepared, OB2 is lower than OB3 and
OB4 probably due to the very strict preventative actions taken (isolation and
mask usage), this means that preventative actions are effective. However, strict
preventative actions are not sustainable since they can destroy the economy and
cause a social crisis, that is why the starting preventative actions were relaxed
a little and probably this caused an OB3 a little higher than OB2. Fortunately,
the vaccine application started in the last middle of 2021 but probably the
omicron variant caused the OB4. Please observe in figure 7 that OB2, OB3, and
OB4 are significantly lower than OB1, this is a positive signal that we are on
the way to herd immunity, but there are clear signals when. Our funding system
is not perfect, it takes about half a month to get the required funding when an
outbreak happens as shown in figures 8, 10, and 11.
In table 1, we can see that Hyperledger blockchain Ingress and egress speeds
are really fast. This is represented in tps (transactions per second), a
decentralized Ethereum blockchain has 15 tps, and fabric Hyperledger speed
transactions are> 2000 tps. Speed is the Hyperledger blockchain advantage but
who knows what will happen if ETH version 2 gets a greater speed than the
Hyperledger.
Figure 13 shows clearly that scalability is not an issue for this Hyperledger
application.
Figure 14 shows a friendly BOT interface.
Experimental tests were carried out to test the functionality of the smart
contract for 1000 users. These 1,000 users are at the prototype level. Behavior
beyond this quantity of users was not tested, but this application is designed to
be scalable according to the evolution system analysis.
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