1. Mention the applications of op-amp integrators?

i Used to Convert Triangular wave into Square - Wave.

ii Used as Wave Shaping Circuits.
iii Used as Edge detectors in FM demodulators

2. What is an integrator?
A Circuit in Which the Output Voltage waveform is the time integral voltage of the
input voltage waveform is called Integrator or Integrating Amplifier.Basically Integrator is
a Low Pass Filter.

5. What is the input impedance of a non-inverting amplifier?

Since No Current flows through the Non inverting terminal of the Op-Amp the
input impedance is infinite so zero current flows through the feedback loop.

6.Design a subtractor using an op-amp?

7. What is thermal drift?

Thermal Drift is the Uncontrolled time Dependent movement of the tip to the Sample
Surface.

8. Give the ideal characteristics of an operational amplifier and give its equivalent
circuit?

i Infinite input impedance.

ii Zero Output Resistance.
iii Infinite Voltage Gain.
iv Infinite CMRR
V Infinite Slew Rate.
9. Draw the circuit diagram of an integrator and give its output equation.

11. What is a precision diode? Draw the circuit diagram of a half wave precision rectifier
with waveform.

Precision diode is the Diode combined with an Operational Amplifier to behave the
Circuit as an ideal rectifier.
12. In what way, a precision rectifier using an op-amp is superior to a conventional
rectifier?
The Limitation of Conventional Rectifiers is it cannot rectify AC voltage
below a forward voltage drop of 0.7Volt of the Diode.

13. List the basic blocks of an operational amplifier/

14. Why are operational amplifier configurations not used in linear applications?

Due to Very Large Open Loop Gain distortion is introduced in the amplified
output signal.Open Loop Gain does not remain constant it changes with temperature.

15. Draw the circuit diagram of the differentiator using an op-amp.

16. What is a sample and hold circuit? Where is it used?

A Sample and Hold Circuit samples an input signal and holds on

to its last sampled value until the input is sampled again.
Applications of Sample and Hold Circuit:
1.Digital Interfacing
2.Analog to Digital Converter Circuits.
3.Pulse Modulation System

17.Draw the circuit of a positive clipper?

18. What is an instrumentation amplifier?

Instrumentation Amplifiers are used in industries in monitoring and
controlling of the physical quantities such as temperature, Humidity,Light intensity.

19.Give important features of an instrumentation amplifier?

1.High Gain Accuracy
2.High CMRR.
3.High gain stability with low temperature coefficient
4. Low DC offset Voltage
5.Low Output Impedance

21. What are the applications of peak detectors?

i Amplitude Modulation
ii Test and Measurement instrumentation

22. Why are active filters preferred?

 Active Filters are preferred because they provide Gain,High
Input Impedance,Low Output Impedance.Due to High Input Impedance Large value of
Resistors can be used and so we can reduce the capacitor value.

23. Draw the circuit of the first order active filter?

24. List different parameters of the D/A and A/D converter given by the manufacturers?

i Resolution
ii Accuracy
iii Linearity
iv Stability
v Setting Time
vi Monotonicity

25.. What are the basic requirements of a good instrumentation amplifier?

i High Input Resistance
ii Low Noise and Accurate Closed Loop Gain is Required
iii High CMRR
iv Low DC offset voltage
v Low output Impedance

26. Define resolution and accuracy of a DAC.

Accuracy gives the difference between actual Analog value and value compared to
the measured value.
Resolution is defined as the smallest increment in the output of the DAC the can be
produced.

27. What is a monostable multivibrator?

 Monostable Multivibrator is also known as one-shot Multivibrator. It has one
stable state and one quasi stable state. This circuit is used to generate a single output
pulse of adjustable time duration in response to a triggering signal.

28.What is meant by resolution of an ADC?

The ADC resolution is defined as the smallest incremental voltage that can be
recognized and thus causes a change in the digital output.

29. What is a zero crossing detector?

ZCD is one type of voltage comparator, used to detect a sine waveform transition
from positive and negative, that coincides when the i/p crosses the zero voltage
condition.

30. Sketch the circuit of an op-amp employed as a non-inverting zero crossing

detector, along with input and output waveforms?

31. List any four important applications of comparator?

● Analog-to-digital converters.
● Window detectors
● Zero-crossing detectors.
● Relaxation oscillator.

32. What is an antilog amplifier? Draw the circuit diagram of an antilog amplifier.?

Antilog amplifier, is an electronic circuit that produces an output that is

proportional to the antilogarithm of the applied input.