Use of

English file

Unit 3: Business
strategies
Unit 3 : Business
strategies

1. Perfect infinitive

2. Vocabulary associated
with the topic of business
• It is used to emphasize completed
past actions or states.
• It can be used after passive forms of
certain verbs. It is sometimes used
after the passive with verbs such as
know, think, etc.
• It is also used after SEEM and
APPEAR to speculate about actions
and states in the past.

Examples:

a. Many workers were told to have

been fired after COVID-19 outbreak.

b. She seems to have lost her cell

phone.
 Perfect infinitive

Example :
You have 2 actions:
✓ He was included in the project.
✓ He was relieved for that.

Which event happened first? ---He was included in the project.

Which happened second? ---He was relieved.

So, the sentence is…

He was relieved TO HAVE BEEN INCLUDED in the project.

Read this language bank and the example on the right.
(X) is/are believed to have (done…)
(X) is/are thought to have (done…)
(X) is/are known to have (done…)
(X) is/are said to have (done…)
(X) is/are reported to have (done…)
(X) seems/seem to have (done…)
(X) appears/appear to have (done…)
Example:
Regular active sentence:
People think almost 7,000 people have died in Ecuador
because of Covid-19.
Perfect infinitive:
Almost 7,000 people are thought to have died in
Ecuador because of Covid-19.
Think of your own
examples.
Use the perfect infinitive structure to transform the sentences below.

Banking has contributed (X) is/are believed to have (done…)

immensely to modern
(X) is/are thought to have (done…)
civilization.
(X) is/are known to have (done…)
(X) is/are said to have (done…)
The money at risk is not the
bank’s own, it’s always been (X) is/are reported to have (done…)
other people’s money. (X) seems/seem to have (done…)
(X) appears/appear to have (done…)

Most banks have recently

shared tips on how to avoid
financial fraud and theft.
 Check this website about
perfect infinitives.

https://www.englishgrammar.org/pe
rfect-infinitives/

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Exercise 1. Complete the perfect infinitive (to + have + past part) form of the verbs in parentheses.

1. My boss’s annual presentation seems ________________ (be) well received.

2. My work was recognized ____________________ (be) of outstanding quality.
3. My co-worker was fired because he was known ___________________ (make) many poor decisions.
4. The security guard reported _________________________ (find) the door lock broken.
5. I was lucky ___________________________ (find) a good supplier.
6. Our client has just left. He appears _______________________ (leave) without saying good-bye.
7. I decided to quit, but I was pleased_______________________ (learn) a lot these years.
8. Our last boss was known _____________________________ (fire) many workers at once.
9. Our company is said __________________________ (have) a solid organization throughout the
years.
10. A thief was reported _________________________ (try) to break in our factory, but had no success.
Exercise 2. Combine these 2 sentences into one using perfect infinitives.
Example:
0. Starbucks made public expansion actions.-2nd activity.
Starbucks opened new stores all over the world. – 1st activity

Starbucks made public TO HAVE OPENED new stores all over the world.

1. My boss was really impressed. He finished 5 projects in no time.

2. Our area was recognized. We worked very hard in the last year.
3. My new partner was invited to resign. We knew he had made several unfortunate decisions.
4. For the first time, I reported something yesterday. I found my office door broken.
5. Two burglars were reported by security. They tried to break in our lab.
6. Google is a big company. It is believed they hired more than a million workers in the last 5 years.
7. I was very lucky. I found a very good place where to work within walking distance from home.
8. Our clients have just left. It seems they left earlier than expected.
9. I decided to quit my job. I was pleased to gain such valuable experience there.
10. I was given a prize last month. I did a great job with the marketing campaign.
a) bounce a check
b) campaign
c) double-check
d) full-page advertisement
e) in the long run
f) insurance policy
g) interest rate
h) investment
i) keep track of
j) marketing strategy
k) monthly fee
l) overdraw an account
m) satisfied customer
n) secure
o) statement
2a. Vocabulary: Words associated with the topic of business.
Match the definitions with words from Unit 3.
1. to use more money than you have in your bank account
a) bounce a check
2. someone who purchases a product or service that he is happy with
b) campaign
3. go over something twice to be sure it is correct
c) double-check
4. money you put into something that will eventually result in you making more money
d) full-page advertisement
5. the percentage of extra money you get if you invest a sum of money or that you pay if you have borrowed that
e) in the long run
money
f) insurance policy
6. review of your bank account activity for a period of time that includes money you have spent and received
g) interest rate
7. an initiative by a company to attract customers and increase sales
h) investment
8. a large printed announcement in a magazine or newspaper that tells about a product or service
i) keep track of
9. a plan that includes the details of how and to whom a company will sell a product or service
j) marketing strategy
10. in the end or the final conclusion
k) monthly fee
11. a term used to describe a check that cannot be cashed because there is not enough money in the account
l) overdraw an account
12. a specific amount of money you pay (once a month) for a service
m) satisfied customer
13. an agreement you have with an insurance company
n) secure
14. relating to finances being safe and well-managed in a bank or investment
o) statement
15. to manage something or someone closely
2b. Vocabulary: Words associated with the topic of business

Complete each sentence with one word/expression from the box. Check verb tenses, if
necessary.
1. It is important to check your bank ___________ every month to make sure there are no mistakes.
a) bounce a check
2. If you want to be successful, it is important to have a good _______________.
b) campaign
3. I find it easier to ______________ my account online.
c) double-check
4. This is the third time this month my _________ has ___________ so I really need to get paid soon!
d) full-page advertisement
5. I saw a _______________________ in today's paper for a new electronics store.
e) in the long run
6. My accountant helps me choose the best _______________________.
f) insurance policy
7. I pay a _______________________ for my internet service.
g) interest rate
8. I am looking for a reliable bank where I can be certain my savings are ___________________.
h) investment
9. As long as I get good service and decent rates, I'm a ________________________.
i) keep track of
10. I have to be careful not to _______________________ this month, so I'm trying not to spend so much money.
j) marketing strategy
11. The new marketing _________ has been very effective so far as there has been a 20% increase in sales this month.
k) monthly fee
12. I ______________ my account every month to make sure there aren't any extra charges.
l) overdraw an account
13. We have to spend a lot of money on the renovations now, but _________________ it will all be worth it.
m) satisfied customer
14. I got a good ________________________ from the company my brother works for.
n) secure
15. It is so difficult to pay off a loan these days with such high _______________________.
o) statement
 Sources & Credits
● https://thenounproject.com/
● https://www.shutterstock.com/
● https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/perfect-infinitive-with-to-
to-have-worked
● https://images.app.goo.gl/YDGzqDiQiDq99tKV7
● English Discoveries Student platform
● https://images.app.goo.gl/hh3bZKwy9uJ3CJeA7
● https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary
● https://images.app.goo.gl/1RexTPwjAXY3ZuRy5

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