Iso+11114 5 2022

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11114-5
First edition
2022-01
Gas cylinders — Compatibility of

cylinder and valve materials with gas
contents —
Part 5:
Test methods for evaluating plastic
liners
Bouteilles à gaz — Compatibilité des matériaux des bouteilles et des
robinets avec les contenus gazeux —
Partie 5: Méthodes d’essai pour l’évaluation des liners en plastique
University of Toronto User.
Reference number
ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 General requirements..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Tests to be performed on specimens.............................................................................................................................................. 2
5.1 Permeation test....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.1.1 Disc samples............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5.1.2 Test bench and set-up...................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.3 Procedure.................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
5.1.4 Calculation of the permeability coefficient................................................................................................. 6
5.1.5 Recording and interpretation of test results............................................................................................. 6
5.2 Swelling/blistering test................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2.1 Disc samples............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
5.2.2 Recording and interpretation of tests results.......................................................................................... 7
5.3 Ageing test................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3.1 Samples........................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.3.2 Procedure.................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.3 Recording and interpretation of the results............................................................................................... 8
6 Tests to be performed on cylinders.................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.1 Liner collapse due to internal pressure in the cylinder being below atmospheric
pressure......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.2 Procedure.................................................................................................................................................................................. 9

6.1.3 Evaluation parameters.................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.2 Permeability test................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2.2 Procedure.................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.2.3 Evaluation parameters............................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Liner collapse and blistering test......................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3.2 Procedure............................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3.3 Evaluation parameters............................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Rejection and rendering cylinders used for testing unserviceable............................................................12
8 Test report................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 58, Gas cylinders, in collaboration with
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 23, Transportable gas
cylinders, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna

Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 11114 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Introduction
Non-metallic materials are used for the manufacturing of liners of some composite gas cylinders and
therefore are in contact with gas contents.
The compatibility of plastic liners with gas cylinder contents is a key parameter for the manufacturing
of composite gas cylinders with plastic liners. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify such compatibility
and to give test procedures and evaluation parameters.
This document provides some testing methodologies to evaluate suitability of plastic materials
concerning the risks identified in ISO 11114-2. Furthermore, this document is intended to be used
together with the design standard (e.g. ISO 11515, EN 12245) which gives the requirements for certain
tests, as well as the criteria, while this document describes the test procedure.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve

materials with gas contents —
Part 5:
Test methods for evaluating plastic liners
1 Scope
This document specifies some gas compatibility test methods to evaluate plastic materials suitable for
use in the manufacture of composite gas cylinder liners. It is also applicable to the evaluation of the
suitability of plastic matrix materials used for Type 5 cylinders.
Some fluids like water, used for cylinders testing, can react positively or negatively when in contact
with plastic liners. This compatibility issue is not covered by this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-2, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 2: Instrumented impact test

ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics — Determination of tensile properties
ISO 3167, Plastics — Multipurpose test specimens
ISO 8256, Plastics — Determination of tensile-impact strength
ISO 10286, Gas cylinders — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10286 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://w ww.electropedia.org/
3.1
blister
localized delamination or void within the liner material that looks like a bubble
3.2
maximum permissible filling mass
maximum mass of gas in kg which is allowed in a filled cylinder
Note 1 to entry: This term applies to liquefied gas.
[SOURCE: ISO 24431:2016, 3.13]
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
3.3
Type 5 cylinder
fully wrapped cylinder without a liner and with composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical
portion and dome ends
4 General requirements
This document is designed to determine the suitability of the materials with regard to the risks
identified in ISO 11114-2 and to evaluate materials not listed in ISO 11114-2.
Two types of tests can be performed:
a) tests on discs or other specimens (see Clause 5);
b) tests on cylinders (see Clause 6).
To determine the suitability of materials for a given liner, testing shall be performed on cylinders in
accordance with Clause 6.
The tests on specimens should only be performed to compare different plastic materials (e.g. to select
the most suitable material) or to check if some zones on the liner permeate more than others, or both.
Tests on disc or specimen are difficult in case of Type 5 cylinders. Therefore, tests on cylinders are
recommended.
Some substances (e.g. moisture, sulfur compounds) can have a positive or negative effect on the
material performance, and this shall be taken into account when designing and carrying out tests.
These substances can be present in the gas or released by the plastic materials, or both.
Analysis of test gas shall be recorded to identify any possible contamination (e.g. moisture, sulfur
compounds, etc.) both prior to and after the test.

5 Tests to be performed on specimens
5.1 Permeation test
5.1.1 Disc samples
The disc samples shall be taken either from a liner or using samples manufactured according to the
intended process, such as injection moulding or blow moulding (e.g. to select the most suitable material).
NOTE 1 Treatments such as curing can affect the properties of the liner materials.
It is recommended that all process steps that influence the behaviour of the liner material that are
applied to the finished cylinder, including thermal treatment, are applied to the specimens.
In case of comparison between two or more materials, it is recommended that samples are manufactured
using the same process. Preferably, the process should match the intended liner manufacturing process.
It is also possible to check which process is the most appropriate liner manufacturing process.
An external diameter of the test specimen disk between 40 mm and 80 mm is typically recommended.
The thickness of the sample can vary depending on the thickness of the liner and the pressure to be
applied during the test.
The dimensions (including thickness), the preparation and the manufacturing process of the sample, as
well as the location of the disc, shall be recorded.
NOTE 2 If sample preparation includes machining, this will affect the permeation due to the non-homogeneity
of the sample.
2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
The moisture content and outgassing of the test specimen can affect measurement results of the disc
sample permeation test. It is recommended to dehumidify and outgas the test specimen, for example,
heating to 65 °C under vacuum (~10 to 50 mbar1)) until <0,1 % mass loss over a period of 24 h is
observed.
5.1.2 Test bench and set-up
The test cell concept (see Figures 1 and 2) allows pressurization of one side of the test sample and
support of the low-pressure side while allowing the permeated test gas to flow through and exit to the
detector. Detection and measurement of the permeated gas can be accomplished by several methods,
including (but not limited to):
— measurement by permeated volume (e.g. using a pipette);
— measurement by mass spectroscopy;
— measurement by gas concentration in a fixed volume (ppm2));
— measurement by pressure rise in a fixed volume;
or by any other equivalent methods.
The permeated gas shall be connected to the detector.
The exposed surface of the disc should have typically a diameter of 30 mm if the external diameter is
equal to 40 mm.
Elastomer O-rings may be used to seal against the test specimen, as any permeation through the
O-ring on the high-pressure side will exit the test cell without interfering with the permeated gas
measurement. The permeation that occurs in the low-pressure O-ring will be minimal as the pressure
of the permeated gas is low and therefore the concentration will be low.
Coupon-level permeation at pressure requires physical support on the low-pressure side which allows

the permeated gas to exit to the detector. In order to have reproducible permeation results, it is critical
to have the same contact area against the test specimen. This shall be achieved by using a wire-mesh
screen (e.g. 150 µm opening to US-100 mesh) which will provide a consistent contact surface area
between tests. The sintered metal shall be then used as the physical support behind the mesh.
1) In this document the unit bar is used, due to its universal use in the field of technical gases. It should, however,
be noted that bar is not an SI unit, and that the corresponding SI unit for pressure is Pa (1 bar = 105 Pa = 105 N/m²).
2) ppm = parts per million.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Key
1 high pressure gas A elastomer O-ring for sealing on the high-pressure side of the test specimen
2 high pressure gas port B liner test specimen
3 low pressure gas port C elastomer O-ring for sealing on the low-pressure side (permeation side)
4 to detector of the test specimen
D wire mesh for uniform contact area on test specimen
E sintered metal support disk to allow permeated gas to exit test sample to
detector

Figure 1 — Expanded schematic representation of the high-pressure permeation cell

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)

Key
1 high-pressure gas inlet
2 high tensile bolts ×8
3 high-pressure gas
4 to detector
Figure 2 — Schematic representation of the high-pressure permeation cell
5.1.3 Procedure
The disc shall be degassed and de-humidified according to the recommendations given in 5.1.1.
A tightness/leak test shall be carried out in order to make sure that there is no leak at the edges (e.g. up
to 180 bar with helium for high pressure hydrogen applications).
The permeability shall be measured at a given temperature and under pressure, which shall be recorded
on the relevant test report.
NOTE Experience has shown that tests performed at higher temperatures (e.g. 65 °C) can result in softening
of some plastic materials resulting in inconsistent results by this method.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
The gas flow rate through the specimen is detected (on the low-pressure chamber on Figure 1) after a
given time (t0) and is increasing until reaching a constant value (steady state) at t1. An example of the
curve flow rate is shown in Figure 3.
The gas flow rate shall be recorded.
Key
X time
Y flow rate
1 steady state
Figure 3 — Example curve flow rate
NOTE The steady state can be, for example, defined as an increase of the flow rate of less than 1 % over a
period greater than 24 h with a minimum of five readings.

5.1.4 Calculation of the permeability coefficient
The permeability coefficient (Pe) (mole × (Pa.m.s)−1) shall be calculated from the stabilized permeation
flow rate (steady state), as shown by Formula (1):
Fg × a
Pe = (1)
S ×∆P
where
Fg is the molar rate (mole/s);
a is the thickness (m);
S is the sample surface area exposed to the high-pressure gas (m2);
ΔP is the pressure gradient (Pa).
5.1.5 Recording and interpretation of test results
The following information shall be recorded:

— test material identification, including a description, safety data sheets, manufacturer, formulation
and processing;
— specimen parameters, including dimensions and standard used;

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
— test material preparation, describing thermal treatments, drying and other pre-test conditioning
steps;
— test method used with descriptions and notes for any deviations from the recommended test
methodology;
— for gas use, gas type and purity, pressures and temperatures;
— test parameters, including gas sampling method and operational parameters.
Sometimes permeation results in colour change within the material thickness. This is due to a new
crystalline phase which can also be more susceptible to blistering. Consequently, such a colour change
shall be reported.
NOTE Formation of a new phase can also lead to changes in physical and chemical properties.
It has been found that there is no correlation between permeation rates in disc samples as used in this
document and actual composite cylinders. However, the values obtained on disc samples can be used to
compare permeation of different materials or different liner manufacturing processes, or both.
Additionally, the results can be used to compare the permeation rate of different gases or pressures, or
both, for the same material.
5.2 Swelling/blistering test
5.2.1 Disc samples
The samples used for the permeability test (after having reached the steady state) shall be depressurized.
The rate of depressurization can have an influence on the swelling/blistering phenomena and
consequently shall be recorded. It is recommended that the depressurization rate is not less than
1,2 times the expected maximum value in service, if this value is known.

The thickness of the disc shall be measured at the centre, no more than 10 min after depressurization,
and the elapsed time shall be recorded.
NOTE Upon testing, the test specimen in the permeation cell can result in deformation and distortion of the
disc, which can lead to inaccurate thickness measurements. This is especially true with elevated temperatures.
5.2.2 Recording and interpretation of tests results
Visual examination of the discs shall be performed to detect any blister or damage on the disc sample.
Samples shall be photo-documented.
The dimension of the samples shall be measured and compared to the initial values (see 5.1.2).
The results obtained on disc samples can be used to compare swelling/blistering of different materials
or different processes with other plastic materials, or both.
Additionally, the results can be used to compare swelling/blistering effects of different gases, time at
high and low pressures, depressurization rate and temperature for the same material. Therefore, all
these parameters shall be recorded.
If no significant swelling/blistering effects were observed, the pressurization/depressurization
described in 5.2.1 can be repeated, e.g. 10 to 100 cycles.
NOTE Subsequent pressure cycles can require a new specimen due to deformation of the surface during the
initial test.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
5.3 Ageing test
5.3.1 Samples
The samples (including or not including a weld) shall be taken either from a liner or using samples
manufactured according to a known process (e.g. injection moulding, blow moulding).
The shape of the samples should be in the final test configuration (e.g. ISO 527-1 tensile specimen).
The process should match the intended liner manufacturing process.
5.3.2 Procedure
All samples shall be in a dry condition.

Polymers that are hygroscopic can have quite different mechanical and physical properties depending
on the moisture content. All tests should be performed in dry conditions. After drying, if required, the
specimens shall be properly stored and desiccated to prevent moisture uptake.
The disc shall be degassed and de-humidified according to the recommendations given in 5.1.1.
One sample shall be exposed to the gas intended to be tested at a temperature not less than the
maximum expected temperature in service and the maximum developed pressure of the cylinder for a
time specified (e.g. 1 000 h, 2 000 h) in the product standard (e.g. the ISO 11119 series, EN 12245). The
sample shall be allowed to cool to ambient temperature before depressurization.
The depressurization rate should be adjusted in order to avoid blistering, e.g. 10 bar per hour, except if
it is intended to investigate the cumulative influence of ageing.
Another sample shall be taken from the same batch, and shall be kept at ambient conditions.
Immediately after preparing both the ambient condition and exposed specimens, the samples shall be

properly stored and desiccated to prevent moisture uptake, until the final testing occurs.
Both samples shall then be subjected to the intended test (e.g. tensile test, impact test, hardness check).
Material shall be tested according to Table 1.
The testing conditions, temperature, time of exposure and rate of depressurization shall be recorded.
Table 1 — Material tests

Material property Standard Recommended specimen type
Tensile strength, modulus, elongation ISO 527 (all parts) ISO 3167 type A (~4 mm thick)
Flexural modulus ISO 178 80 × 10 × 4 mm
Notched Charpy impact strength ISO 179-2/1eA 80 × 10 × 4 mm
or
ISO 8256 ISO 8256 Type III
tensile impact
5.3.3 Recording and interpretation of the results
The following ageing and testing conditions shall be recorded:

— gas type and pressure;
— temperature profile;
— duration of exposure;
— pressure profile including depressurization rate.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
A visual inspection shall be performed to detect types of damage/degradation (e.g. discoloration,

crazing, blistering) or modification of size.
These changes shall be photographed and compared with the non-aged samples.
Changes to mechanical properties of the aged samples shall be checked and compared to the non-aged
samples.
6 Tests to be performed on cylinders
6.1 Liner collapse due to internal pressure in the cylinder being below atmospheric
pressure
6.1.1 General
A liner is considered to have collapsed when it loses its original shape, e.g. internal bulge.
This test shall be performed unless it is specified by the manufacturer that the cylinder shall not be
exposed to vacuum.
6.1.2 Procedure
The cylinder shall be cycled with air between atmospheric pressure and 0,2 bar absolute at ambient
temperature for at least 50 cycles. The vacuum shall be maintained for at least 1 min at 0,2 bar absolute.
6.1.3 Evaluation parameters
The liner shall be subjected to an internal visual inspection (e.g. using the inspection methodology
found in ISO 11623) to detect any evidence of defects such as collapse, disbonding, blister, stress
whitening or cracks.

The result of the internal visual inspection shall be documented.
6.2 Permeability test
6.2.1 General
The proposed test aims to first determine the permeability at a given pressure and temperature, which
shall be recorded on the relevant test report. Then, to perform pressure cycle tests to check for any
liner collapse/blistering in accordance with 6.3.
6.2.2 Procedure
It shall be verified that the cylinder has been subjected to a hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure test.
The cylinder shall be inserted into a chamber to allow permeability to be monitored. The rate of
permeation is detected by a spectrometer or other appropriate detection methods.
For compressed gases, the cylinder shall be pressurized with the intended gas to 2/3 of its test pressure.
For liquefied gases, the cylinder shall be filled with the intended gas to its maximum permissible filling
mass.
The valve and the cylinder shall be visually inspected for leakage (e.g. using leak detector fluid
compatible with the gas service, the cylinder and the valve). Any leaks shall be eliminated before
proceeding with the test.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
The temperature in the chamber shall be controlled and recorded. The gas flow rate through the
cylinder is detected after a given time (t0) and increases until reaching a constant value (steady state).
See also Figure 3.
The steady state shall be reached. In order to reach steady state more quickly, the temperature can be
increased (e.g. 40 °C) during this time. In this case, once the steady state is reached, the temperature is
reduced to ambient temperature for a minimum of 24 h.
The permeated gas flow rate through the cylinder versus time shall be recorded.
For the steps outlined in 6.3 (i.e. liner collapse and blistering test), permeability measurements can be
stopped.
t0, t1 (see 6.2.2) and the permeation rate at t1 shall be recorded. It is recommended that the permeation
rate is expressed in ml/l/h at normal temperature and pressure.
6.3 Liner collapse and blistering test
6.3.1 General
The proposed test follows the test covering permeability. The aim of this test is to perform pressure
cycle tests to check any liner collapse/blistering due to depressurization.
6.3.2 Procedure
The cylinder, previously pressurized to measure permeation (as indicated in 6.2.2), is depressurized
to atmospheric pressure at a maximum depressurization rate compatible with either the minimum
temperature for target application or given by the manufacturer (if the temperature reaches the
minimum value, the test shall be paused for 2 h).

The maximum depressurization rate used for the test shall be recorded in the test report and is
normally found in the operating instructions.
The cylinder is then filled to the state of charge equivalent to 2/3 test pressure (or maximum
permissible filling mass for liquefied gases) at a reference temperature of 15 °C. The cylinder is kept in
this condition at least for a time equal to t1 (see 6.2.2). The cylinder shall be then emptied with same
emptying depressurization rate as previous cycle. The cylinder shall be stabilized for 5 h prior to being
re-pressurized.
This cycle shall be repeated nine times.
The cylinder shall be visually inspected (using an endoscope, if necessary) to check for any sign of liner
collapse or blistering. Pictures shall be taken.
The cylinder shall be cut and examined carefully to confirm the visual inspection, i.e. to detect any signs
of cavitations, colour change, blister on the liner (see Figures 4 to 6) or any sign of large cavitations on
the composite part.
Blisters are defined as a physical separation of the polymer within the liner. Blisters formed by gas
cycling generally can be classified into two groups: near-surface and sub-surface. Near-surface blisters
are often easily observed from a visual inspection of the liner material. They are generally formed at
the near-surface layer common in injection moulded polymers. An example of near surface blisters as
viewed with a borescope is shown in Figure 4. Such blisters can occur anywhere on the internal surface
of the liner. Near-surface blisters commonly display differences in colour or shade and often protrude
from the surface. An example microtome cross-section of a near-surface blister is shown in Figure 5.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Sub-surface blisters occur deeper into the material and it is possible they will not be observable from a
visual examination of the liner. An example microtome cross-section of a sub-surface blister is shown
in Figure 6. The locations of sub-surface blisters are deeper within the liner and it is possible they will
not be visible from the interior surface.
The results shall be recorded.
Figure 4 — Three near-surface blisters as viewed with a borescope

Figure 5 — Microtome cross-section of a near-surface blister

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Figure 6 — Microtome cross-section of a sub-surface blister
7 Rejection and rendering cylinders used for testing unserviceable

The cylinders used for testing shall be rendered unserviceable.
The following methods may be used for rendering cylinders unserviceable:
a) crushing or shredding the entire cylinder by mechanical means;

b) cutting an irregular hole in the top dome equivalent area to approximately 10 % of the area of the
top dome or, in case of a thin-walled cylinder, piercing in at least three adjacent places;
c) jagged cutting of the neck and shoulder;
d) irregular cutting of the cylinder in two or more pieces including the shoulder;
e) bursting using a safe method.
8 Test report
A written report shall be issued to indicate which tests have been performed on which samples (disc
and/or cylinder) and the results.
This should include:
a) reference to this document (including its year of publication), i.e. ISO 11114-5:2022;
b) the date of the test;
c) type of test performed (on specimen or on finished cylinders, or both);
d) type of liner material including its properties (e.g. density, tensile);
e) manufacturing process of liner or specimen, or both;
f) location on the liner of the disc samples, if applicable;

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
g) description of the preparation of the samples (e.g. drying procedure, machining, heat treatment);
h) gas type used for the test (including gas analysis results);
i) dimensions of the specimen or cylinders, or both;
j) number of specimens or cylinders, or both, tested;
k) test pressure and working pressure if available;
l) description of the test benches, including detection methods (e.g. spectrometer);
m) any deviations from the procedure;
n) any unusual features observed;
o) tests results (including pictures), see as applicable 5.1.4, 5.2.2, 5.3.3, 6.1.3, 6.2.2 and 6.3.2.

ISO 11114-5:2022(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 11114-2, Gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents —
Part 2: Non-metallic materials
[2] ISO 11119 (all parts), Gas cylinders — Design, construction and testing of refillable composite gas
cylinders and tubes
[3] ISO 11515, Gas cylinders — Refillable composite reinforced tubes of water capacity between 450 L
and 3000 L — Design, construction and testing
[4] ISO 11623, Gas cylinders — Composite construction — Periodic inspection and testing
[5] ISO/TS 17519, Gas cylinders — Refillable permanently mounted composite tubes for transportation
[6] ISO 24431:2016, Gas cylinders — Seamless, welded and composite cylinders for compressed and
liquefied gases (excluding acetylene) — Inspection at time of filling
[7] EN 12245, Transportable gas cylinders — Fully wrapped composite cylinders
[8] EN 14427, LPG equipment and accessories — Transportable refillable fully wrapped composite
cylinders for LPG — Design and construction
[9] EN 17339, Transportable gas cylinders — Fully wrapped composite cylinders and tubes for hydrogen
use

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3 Terms and definitions

[SOURCE: ISO 24431:2016, 3.13]

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5.1 Permeation test

5.1.1 Disc samples

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5.1.2 Test bench and set-up

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Figure 2 — Schematic representation of the high-pressure permeation cell

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Figure 3 — Example curve flow rate

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Fg is the molar rate (mole/s);

a is the thickness (m);

S is the sample surface area exposed to the high-pressure gas (m2);

ΔP is the pressure gradient (Pa).

5.1.5 Recording and interpretation of test results

The following information shall be recorded:

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5.2 Swelling/blistering test

5.2.1 Disc samples

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5.2.2 Recording and interpretation of tests results

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5.3 Ageing test

All samples shall be in a dry condition.

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Table 1 — Material tests

5.3.3 Recording and interpretation of the results

The following ageing and testing conditions shall be recorded:

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A visual inspection shall be performed to detect types of damage/degradation (e.g. discoloration,

6 Tests to be performed on cylinders

6.1.3 Evaluation parameters

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6.2 Permeability test

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6.2.3 Evaluation parameters

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