PARAMETER Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Enterobius vermicularis

COMMON NAME Giant Intestinal Round worm Whipworm Pinworm, Seatworm, Society worm*
EGG EGG EGG
UNFERILIZED FERTILIZED
SIZE 85-95 um by 38-45 um; 40-75 um by 30-50 um 50 – 55 um by 25 um D-shaped eggs
Size variations possible
SHAPE Varies Rounder than non- Barrel-shaped / Lemon shaped/ Football-shaped; Asymmetrical, with one side
fertilized version Translucent hyaline polar plug at each end flattened and the other side is convex
Unembryonated; Undeveloped
EMBRYO Amorphous mass of unicellular embryo - Translucent shell – triple
protoplasm albuminous outer layer for
SHELL Thin Thick chitin Smooth; yellow-brown color because of host bile mechanical protection and inner
contact embryonic lipoidal layer for chemical
Usually corticated May be corticated or Lemon shaped/barrel-shaped/football shaped/ protection
OTHER decorticated Japanese lantern with plug-like translucent polar
prominences a.k.a “mucoid bipolar plugs” Ovum develops into a “tadpole-like
embryo”
ADULT ADULT ADULT
MORPHOLOGY

FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE

SIZE 22-35 cm Up to 30 cm 35-50 mm 30-45 mm 8-13 mm long 2 to 5 mm
pointed tail
COLOR Creamy white pink tint Creamy white pink tint - -

Has a bluntly
rounded posterior
end. Possess prominent Curved tail
curled tail with a single and has a single
Pencil lead thickness A female lays spicule and retractile spicule
Paired approximately 3000 sheath
OTHER reproductive organs Prominent incurved tail to 10000 eggs per Rarely seen
with 2 spicules day because they die
200,000 Anterior end: after copulation
eggs/female/day Colorless; resembles a whip handle; contains
a slender esophagus resembling a string of beads
Posterior end:
Pinkish-gray;
resembles whip itself;
contains digestive and reproductive systems

ORDOÑA, TMP
FINAL HOST Man Man Man
HABITAT Small intestine Large intestine Cecum (Large intestine)
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Fertilized and unfertilized egg Egg Ova
INFECTIVE STAGE Embryonated egg Embryonated egg Embryonated egg
SOURCE OF INFECTION Soil-transmitted helminth Soil-transmitted helminth Contact-borne
MODE OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion, inhalation
Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis
Trichuriais Mild catarrhal inflammation of the
Ascariasis Whipworm infection intestinal mucosa
Round worm infection Rectal prolapse Nocturnal Pruritus ani – “perianal
Due to larva Appendicitis and granulomas itching” which may lead to secondary
PATHOLOGY Ascaris pneumonitis or Loeffler’s Syndrome Iron Deficiency Anemia bacterial infection and lack of sleep
Due to adult worm Frequent blood-streaked diarrheal stools
Worm bolus causing bowel obstruction Abdominal pain and tenderness Other complications:
Diarrhea Nausea Appendicitis, vaginitis, endometritis
Abdominal pain Vomiting and peritonitis.
Weight loss
Poor appetite, weight loss and
abdominal pain

Stool Examination
Direct Fecal Smear
Kato-thick Stool Examination
Kato-katz Direct Fecal Smear
Kato-thick
Concentration Technique Kato-katz
DIAGNOSIS FECT Graham’s scotch adhesive tape swab
MIFCT Concentration Technique (Perianal cellulose tape swab)
Brine floatation FECT
Zinc sulfate floatation technique MIFCT
Brine floatation
X-ray (extra-intestinal ascariasisàlungs) Zinc sulfate floatation technique
CBC (demonstrate eosinophilia)
ELISA

DRUG OF CHOICE Albendazole Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate

Mebendazole Albendazole as alternative drug Mebendazole (alternative)
Pyrantel Pamoate Ivermectin Albendazole (alternative)

ORDOÑA, TMP
 Sanitary disposal of human feces Treatment of infected individuals
Health education Sanitary disposal of human feces Construction Personal cleanliness and hygiene
PREVENTION AND Mass chemotheraphy GNXTGFNTGFXNof toilets BNXFGMFFare essential
CONTROL Avoid using night soil Washing of hands Hand washing
Proper food preparation Health education (sanitation and hygiene) Boiling of linen and clothing
Proper food preparation practices

Worldwide (Most common intestinal helminth Usually in arm climates of the world (3 rd most
EPIDEMIOLOGY infection in the world) common helminth)

Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Enterobius vermicularis

UNFERTILIZED FERTILIZED
EGG

FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE

ADULT

ORDOÑA, TMP