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TABLE (Ascaris, Trichuris, and Enterobius)
TABLE (Ascaris, Trichuris, and Enterobius)
COMMON NAME Giant Intestinal Round worm Whipworm Pinworm, Seatworm, Society worm*
EGG EGG EGG
UNFERILIZED FERTILIZED
SIZE 85-95 um by 38-45 um; 40-75 um by 30-50 um 50 – 55 um by 25 um D-shaped eggs
Size variations possible
SHAPE Varies Rounder than non- Barrel-shaped / Lemon shaped/ Football-shaped; Asymmetrical, with one side
fertilized version Translucent hyaline polar plug at each end flattened and the other side is convex
Unembryonated; Undeveloped
EMBRYO Amorphous mass of unicellular embryo - Translucent shell – triple
protoplasm albuminous outer layer for
SHELL Thin Thick chitin Smooth; yellow-brown color because of host bile mechanical protection and inner
contact embryonic lipoidal layer for chemical
Usually corticated May be corticated or Lemon shaped/barrel-shaped/football shaped/ protection
OTHER decorticated Japanese lantern with plug-like translucent polar
prominences a.k.a “mucoid bipolar plugs” Ovum develops into a “tadpole-like
embryo”
ADULT ADULT ADULT
MORPHOLOGY
Has a bluntly
rounded posterior
end. Possess prominent Curved tail
curled tail with a single and has a single
Pencil lead thickness A female lays spicule and retractile spicule
Paired approximately 3000 sheath
OTHER reproductive organs Prominent incurved tail to 10000 eggs per Rarely seen
with 2 spicules day because they die
200,000 Anterior end: after copulation
eggs/female/day Colorless; resembles a whip handle; contains
a slender esophagus resembling a string of beads
Posterior end:
Pinkish-gray;
resembles whip itself;
contains digestive and reproductive systems
ORDOÑA, TMP
FINAL HOST Man Man Man
HABITAT Small intestine Large intestine Cecum (Large intestine)
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE Fertilized and unfertilized egg Egg Ova
INFECTIVE STAGE Embryonated egg Embryonated egg Embryonated egg
SOURCE OF INFECTION Soil-transmitted helminth Soil-transmitted helminth Contact-borne
MODE OF TRANSMISSION Ingestion Ingestion Ingestion, inhalation
Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis
Trichuriais Mild catarrhal inflammation of the
Ascariasis Whipworm infection intestinal mucosa
Round worm infection Rectal prolapse Nocturnal Pruritus ani – “perianal
Due to larva Appendicitis and granulomas itching” which may lead to
PATHOLOGY Ascaris pneumonitis or Loeffler’s Syndrome Iron Deficiency Anemia secondary bacterial infection and lack
Due to adult worm Frequent blood-streaked diarrheal stools of sleep
Worm bolus causing bowel obstruction Abdominal pain and tenderness
Diarrhea Nausea Other complications:
Abdominal pain Vomiting Appendicitis, vaginitis, endometritis
Weight loss and peritonitis.
Stool Examination
Direct Fecal Smear
Kato-thick Stool Examination
Kato-katz Direct Fecal Smear
Kato-thick
Concentration Technique Kato-katz
DIAGNOSIS FECT Graham’s scotch adhesive tape swab
MIFCT Concentration Technique (Perianal cellulose tape swab)
Brine floatation FECT
Zinc sulfate floatation technique MIFCT
Brine floatation
X-ray (extra-intestinal ascariasisàlungs) Zinc sulfate floatation technique
CBC (demonstrate eosinophilia)
ELISA
ORDOÑA, TMP
Pyrantel Pamoate Ivermectin Albendazole (alternative)
Worldwide (Most common intestinal helminth Usually in arm climates of the world (3rd most
EPIDEMIOLOGY infection in the world) common helminth)
ORDOÑA, TMP