MAT 120: Calculus and

Analytic Geometry I

Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif

Lecturer in Mathematics
Department of General Education
Canadian University of Bangladesh

Lesson 05
 Lecture Outline

Derivative of a Function of Function

Logarithmic Differentiation

Differentiation of Infinite Series

Derivative of Inverse Functions

MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05

T3. Derivative of a Function of Function (Composite Function) (𝑢(𝑣), 𝑣(𝑢))

Example: Differentiate the following functions with respect to 𝑥:

𝒂 sin log 𝑥 𝒃 log sin 𝑥

Solution: Solution:
𝒂 Let, 𝑦 = sin log 𝑥 𝒃 Let, 𝑦 = log sin 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
⇒ 𝑦 = sin log 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = log sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
⇒ = cos log 𝑥 ∙ log 𝑥 ⇒ = ∙ sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1 cos 𝑥
⇒ = cos log 𝑥 ∙ ⇒ = ∙ cos 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos log 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∴ = ∴ = cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
T3. Derivative of a Function of Function (Composite Function) (𝑢(𝑣), 𝑣(𝑢))

Example: Find the derivative of 𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 .

Solution:

𝑑 2 ln cos 2𝑥
𝑒
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑
= 𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 ∙ 2 ln cos 2𝑥 = 2𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 ∙ ∙ − sin 2𝑥 ∙ 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 sin 2𝑥
= 𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 ∙ 2 ln cos 2𝑥 = −2𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 ∙ ∙2
𝑑𝑥 cos 2𝑥
1 𝑑
= 2𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 ∙ ∙ cos 2𝑥 = −4𝑒 2 ln cos 2𝑥 tan 2𝑥
cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05

 T4. Logarithmic Differentiation 𝒖𝒗 , 𝒗𝒖
cos 𝑥
Example: Differentiate sin 𝑥 .
cos 𝑥
Solution: Let 𝑦 = sin 𝑥
Taking log on both sides, we get
log 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 log sin 𝑥 [ ∵ log 𝑏 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑎 ]
Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get
𝑑 𝑑
log 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ ∙ = cos 𝑥 ∙ ∙ cos 𝑥 + log sin 𝑥 ∙ − sin 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑦 cos2 𝑥 cosec 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
∴ = sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 cosec 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 log sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
 T4. Logarithmic Differentiation 𝒖𝒗 , 𝒗𝒖
Example: Differentiate 𝑥 𝑥 with respect to 𝑥.
Solution: Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , then log 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥. [ ∵ log 𝑏 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑏 𝑎 ]
Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get
𝑑 𝑑
log 𝑦 = 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
⇒ ∙ =𝑥 log 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ = 𝑥 ∙ + log 𝑥 ∙ 1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑦 1 + log 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑥 𝑥 1 + log 𝑥 ∵ 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑥
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
T5. Differentiation of Infinite Series 𝒖𝒖… , 𝒗𝒗…
𝑑𝑦 𝑥………∞
Example: Find , if 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
𝑥………∞ 𝑥………∞
Solution: Here, 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 , as 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 .
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log 𝑦 = log 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦 log 𝑥

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
=𝑦 log 𝑥 + log 𝑥 𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ = 𝑦 ∙ + log 𝑥 ⇒ − log 𝑥 =𝑦∙
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 1 − 𝑦 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
⇒ − log 𝑥 = ⇒ =
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2
∴ = ∙ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 log 𝑥 𝑥 1 − 𝑦 log 𝑥
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
T5. Differentiation of Infinite Series 𝒖𝒖… , 𝒗𝒗…
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ………∞
Example: Find , if 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ………∞ 𝑦
Solution: Given, 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log 𝑦 = 𝑦 log cos 𝑥
Differentiating,
1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
=𝑦∙ − sin 𝑥 + log cos 𝑥 ∙
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥
⇒ − log cos 𝑥 = −𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦
⇒ − log cos 𝑥 = −𝑦 tan 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 1 − 𝑦 log cos 𝑥 = −𝑦 2 tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 2 tan 𝑥 𝑦 2 tan 𝑥
∴ = =
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑦 log cos 𝑥 𝑦 log cos 𝑥 − 1
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
 T6. Derivative of Inverse Functions
Example: Differentiate the following functions with respect to 𝑥:

𝒂 tan−1 𝑒 𝑥 𝒃 tan sin−1 𝑥

Solution: Solution:

𝑑 𝑑
𝒂 tan−1 𝑒 𝑥 𝒃 tan sin−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑 𝑥 𝑑
= = sec 2 sin−1 𝑥 ∙ sin−1 𝑥
1 + 𝑒𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑒
∙ 𝑑𝑥

1 1
= ∙ 𝑒𝑥 = sec 2 sin−1 𝑥 ∙
1+𝑒 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥2

𝑒𝑥 sec 2 sin−1 𝑥
= =
1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 1 − 𝑥2

MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05

 T6. Derivative of Inverse Functions
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
Example: If 𝑦 = sin 2 sin−1 𝑥 , show that =2 .
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2
Solution: Given,
𝑦 = sin 2 sin−1 𝑥

⇒ sin−1 𝑦 = 2 sin−1 𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
⇒ sin−1 𝑦 = 2 sin−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ ∙ =2∙
1−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2 1 − 𝑦2
⇒ = ×
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2 1

𝑑𝑦 1 − 𝑦2 1 − 𝑦2
∴ =2 =2
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑥2 1 − 𝑥2
MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05
 Next Lecture

➢ Secant Line and Tangent Line

➢ Increasing and Decreasing Functions

➢ Maximum and Minimum Value of a Function

➢ Determination of Maxima and Minima of Functions

MAT 120 Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif Lesson 05