CHAPTER

3 Fractions

Learning objectives
3.1 Fraction 3.2 Fraction of a collection
3.3 Fraction of shaded and unshaded parts 3.4 Types of fractions
3.5 Comparison of fractions 3.6 Addition and subtraction of like fractions

3.1 FRACTION
When a thing is divided into equal parts, then each part is called a fraction of the whole.
A fraction is written in the form as  Numerator .
Denominator
Here, numerator represents equal parts being talked about and denominator is the total number of
equal parts.

Whole 12 equal parts

One-Half
1
When a whole is divided into two equal parts, then each part is called the one-half   of the whole.
2
1/2
1/2

Whole Break

One-Third
1
When a whole is divided into three equal parts, then each part is called the one-third   of the whole.
3

One- One-
third 1/3 third 1/3
Whole

One-third
1/
3
One-Fourth
1
When a whole is divided into four equal parts, then each part is called one-fourth   of the
4
whole.

Whole One-fourth

3.2 FRACTION OF A COLLECTION

Aman had a collection of 15 apples. He want to put these
apples in three basket in such a way that there are equal
number of apples in all the baskets.
Olympiad Bite
To calculate the fractional part of any
quantity we divide objects into groups equal
to the denominator.
1/2 of a collection → Divide whole by 2.
1/3 of a collection → Divide whole by 3.
1/4 of a collection → Divide whole by 4.

5 Apples 5 Apples 5 Apples

1
So, of 15 = 15 ÷ 3 = 5
3
3.3 FRACTION OF SHADED AND UNSHADED PARTS
Number of shaded/unshaded parts
Fraction of shaded/unshaded part =
Total number of equal parts
Consider the given figure.
Number of shaded parts 6
Fraction for shaded part = =
Total number of equal parts 10
Number of unshaded parts 4
Fraction for unshaded part = =
Total number of equal parts 10
 SELF TEST - 1
1. Find the shaded fraction of the given figure. 5 7
(C) (D)
12 12
4
3. Denominator of the fraction is _______.
11
(A) 4 (B) 6
2 1
(A) (B) (C) 11 (D) 5
4 4
3 4. One-sixth of a collection of 24 toys is _______.
(C) (D) 1
4 (A) 12 (B) 4
2. What fraction of the faces are smiling? (C) 18 (D) 16
5. Find the value of the following.
1
of 36
3

(A) 18 (B) 15
5 1
(A) (B) (C) 12 (D) 9
8 2

3.4 TYPES OF FRACTIONS

Unit Fraction
A fraction in which the numerator is 1 is called unit fraction.
1 1 1
For example : , , Olympiad Bite
2 5 7
Proper Fraction All unit fractions are proper fractions.
There is no fraction with 0 as denominator.
A fraction in which numerator is smaller than the
denominator is called proper fraction.
3 5 7
For example : , ,
4 8 9
Improper Fraction
A fraction in which numerator is greater than the denominator is called improper fraction.
6 9 5
For example : , ,
5 7 3
Like Fractions
Fractions having same denominator but different numerators.
4 6
For example : and are like fractions.
7 7
Unlike Fractions
Fractions having different denominators. (It doesn't matter what the numerator is)
5 9
For example : and are unlike fractions.
7 4
3.5 COMPARISON OF FRACTIONS
h When the numerators are same, then the number with smaller denominator is greater.
2 2 2 2
For example : > > >
4 6 7 8
h When the denominators are same, then the number with greater numerator is greater.
7 6 5 4
For example : > > >
3 3 3 3
3.6 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIKE FRACTIONS
In addition/subtraction of like fractions only numerators are added/subtracted.
For example :

+ =

3 1 3 +1 4
= =
5 5 5 5

– =

4 1 4 −1 3
= =
5 5 5 5

SELF TEST - 2
1. Which of the following is a unit fraction? (A) < (B) >
4 2 (C) = (D) Can't be determined
(A) (B)
5 3 4. Which of the following fractions is greatest?
3 1
(C) (D) 3 4
2 5 (A) (B)
11 11
2 6
2. Find the sum of and . 8 9
5 5 (C) (D)
4 8 11 11
(A) (B) 5. Which of the following set of fractions is like
5 5
3 1 fractions?
(C) (D) 4 3 2 1
5 5 2 4 6 7 , , ,
(A) , , , (B)
3. Compare and fill in the box. 3 5 7 8 5 5 5 5
4 2 5 2 5 5 5 5 1 3 4 5
+ − (C) , , , (D) , , ,
7 7 7 7 6 7 8 9 2 4 5 7
 EXERCISE
1. What fraction of the given figure is shaded? 6. Fraction of the shaded parts of the given figure
is _____.

6
(A) 8 (B) 1 7
16 16 (A) (B)
10 5 8 8
(C) (D) 5
16 16 (C) (D) 3
8 8
2. Which of the following shows the fraction of
crossed fidget? 7. A pizza was cut into 12 equal pieces. Aanya ate
5 pieces. What fraction of the pizza is left with her?
5 7
(A) (B)
12 12
3 12
(C) (D)
12 5
7 5
(A) (B) 8. What fraction of the given crayons are green?
3 7
4 3
(C) (D)
7 7
Green

Green

Green
Blue

Blue
Red

Red

3. Which of the following options shows the correct

descending order of fractions?
1 2
4 5 8 6 3 4 5 7 (A) (B)
(A) , , , (B) , , , 7 7
7 7 7 7 10 10 10 10
8 7 5 2 4 3
(C) , , , (D) None of these (C) (D)
9 9 9 9 7 7
3
4. Which of the following is a proper fraction? 9. represent ________.
4
17 3 (A) A whole (B) 3 parts of whole
(A) (B)
9 5 (C) 4 parts of whole (D) 7 parts of whole
12 11
(C) (D) 10. Aanchal’s birthday cake was cut into 10 equal
7 3 pieces. She distribute them equally among her five
4 9
5. Subtract from . friends. What fraction of the cake each friend get?
13 13
1 5
(A) 5 (B) 3 (A) (B)
10 10
13 13
2 8
4 8 (C) (D)
(C) (D) 10 10
13 13
11. Rashmi bakes 37 biscuits. She gave 23 biscuits 5 4
to poor children. What fraction of biscuits is left (A) (B)
10 10
with her?
6 7
14 23 (C) (D)
(A) (B) 10 10
37 37
15 37 17. The flower shown contains 6 petals. How many
(C) (D) 1
37 14 more petals must be shaded so that of the flower
2
is shaded?
12. Shaded fraction of + = _?_.

5 7
(A) (B)
3 3
4 8
(C) (D)
3 3 (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
13. There are 8 ,5 ,3 in a 18. There is no fraction whose denominator is
_____.
zoo. What fraction of the total animals are monkey
(A) 0 (B) 1
in the zoo?
(C) 2 (D) 5
3 5
(A) (B) 19. Which of the following options shows the correct
15 16
match of shaded fraction?
3 8
(C) (D) 5 4
16 15 (A) = (B) =
8 5
14. What fraction of letters in the word GEOMETRY
are vowel? 4 3
(C) = (D) =
2 3 8 8
(A) (B)
8 8
2 4 20. Which symbol will make the given number
(C) (D)
7 8 sentence true?
15. Fraction of the digit 7 in the given series
2 4 1 1 5 6
is ________. + − + −
7 7 7 7 7 7
279815473257891054798 (A) > (B) <
5 3 (C) = (D) Can’t be determined
(A) (B)
21 19
1
4 4 21. Sneha puts cup of sugar in a bowl. Then she
(C) (D) 5
17 21 3
adds cup of sugar more. How much sugar is in
16. What fraction of the given figure is unshaded? 5
the bowl now?
3 4
(A) cup (B) cup
5 5
2
(C) cup (D) 1 cup
5
22. What fraction of the given butterflies are not 26. The fraction of unshaded region shown in the
shaded? figure is represented by ________.

12 13
(A) (B)
13 25
13 12
(C) (D)
12 25
1
27. Which of the following shapes shows part
shaded? 3

(A) (B)
12 13
(A) (B)
25 25
21 5
(C) (D) (C) (D)
26 25
23. What fraction of English alphabets is consonant? 28. Piyush bought 85 cans of paint and used 32
5 5 cans. What fraction of the paint of cans did he use?
(A) (B) 32 35
26 21 (A) (B)
21 5 85 85
(C) (D) 53 32
26 24 (C) (D)
85 53
24. There are 60 trees in a garden. Kirti has watered
29. What fraction of the given figure is shaded?
1
of the trees. What fraction of trees unwatered?
3
40 5
(A) (B)
60 60
21 1
(C) (D)
26 60
4 4
25. What fraction of stars are outside the box? (A) (B)
8 7
4 3
(C) (D)
6 8
30. Vaibhav has fifty ` 10 coins and twenty five
` 5 coins. What fraction of coins are ` 10 coins?
5 5 25 25
(A) (B) (A) (B)
13 8 75 50
8 8 50 50
(C) (D) (C) (D)
13 5 75 100
 (A) Fraction of numbers having zero at units place
5
is .
13
31. Match the figures given in Column 1 with their
shaded fractions given in Column 2. (B) Fraction of numbers having nine at tens place is
Column 1 Column 2 4
.
13
1 2
(P) (1) (C) Fraction of three digit numbers is .
4 13
2 (D) All of these
(Q) (2)
5 34. Arrange the shaded fractions of given figures
2 in descending order.
(R) (3)
4 P Q R S
(A) (P) → (1); (Q) → (3); (R) → (2)
(B) (P) → (2); (Q) → (3); (R) → (1)
(C) (P) → (2); (Q) → (1); (R) → (3)
(D) (P) → (1); (Q) → (2); (R) → (3) (A) P, Q, R, S (B) S, Q, R, P
32. Fill in the blanks. (C) P, Q, S, R (D) S, R, P, Q

(P) The figure represents _______ shaded 35. If = and

fraction.
= 1 whole, then = __?__.
(Q) In the figure , _______ fraction
2 4
of the bananas are encircled. (A) (B)
9 9
(R) ______ fraction of letters in the word CREATIVE
are vowels. 8 1
(C) (D)
(P) (Q) (R) 9 9
4 4 3 SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
(A)
8 8 8
5 4 4 1. What fraction of the given butterflies is NOT
(B)
8 8 8 red?
5 4 3
(C) Red
8 8 8
4 5 4 Yellow
(D)
8 8 8
33. Which of the following statements is CORRECT (A) 6 (B) 5
about the given figure? 11 11

50 1 25 (C) 4 (D)
2  (Level-1)
5 95 11 11
30 40
92 98 2. Malika has 10 strawberry ice-creams and 15
700 31 90 512 chocolate ice-creams. What fraction of the total
ice-creams is the chocolate ice-creams?
 were pineapple in the shop?
(A) 275 (B) 415
1010 1010
Strawberry 119 595 
Chocolate (C) (D) (Level-1)
5 15 1010 1010
(A) (B) 
25 25 7. What fraction of the letters of the word
LIBRARY is vowel?
(C) 10 (D)
10  (Level-1)
7
15 25 (A) 5 (B)
3. Match the following figures with their correct 7 2
shaded fraction and select the correct option. 2
(C) (D) 7  (Level-2)
Column A Column B 7 5
8. Find the sum of shaded fractions of the given
figures.
P. (a) 4
10

Q. 4
(b)
6
8 5
(A) (B)
4 4 4
R. (c) 7 6
8 (C) (D)  (Level-2)
4 4
(A) P → (c), Q → (b), R → (a) 9. Which of the following has 6 of its contents
(B) P → (b), Q → (c), R → (a) shaded? 8
(C) P → (c), Q → (a), R → (b) P Q R S
(D) P → (b), Q → (a), R → (c) (Level-1)
4. In which of the following options, fractions are
arranged in ascending order?
(A) P (B) Q
2 9 5 3 2 9 3 5 (C) R (D) S (Level-2)
(A) , , , (B) , , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
10. Match the following and select the correct
2 3 5 9 9 5 3 2 option.
(C) , , , (D) , , ,  (Level-1)
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Column-A Column-B
2
5. Which of the following figures shows 7 6 9
4 P. − (a)
shaded part? 9 9 13
1 3 2 1
Q. + + (b)
4 4 4 9
(A) (B) 2
R. 3 7 1 (c)
+ −
13 13 13 14
12 10
S. − (d) 6
(C) (D)  (Level-1) 14 14 4
(A) P-(a); Q-(d); R-(c); S-(b)
6. There were 1010 pastries in a shop. Of these, 175 (B) P-(b); Q-(d); R-(a); S-(c)
were butterscotch pastries, 240 were chocolate and (C) P-(b); Q-(a); R-(d); S-(c)
the rest were pineapple. What fraction of pastries (D) P-(c); Q-(d); R-(a); S-(b) (Level-2)
 HINTS & EXPLANATIONS
SELF TEST - 1 9 4 9−4 5
5. (A) : Required difference = − = =
1. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 4 13 13 13 13
Number of shaded part = 1
6. (C) : Total number of equal parts = 8
1
So, shaded fraction = Number of shaded parts = 5
4
5
2. (C) : Total number of faces = 12 So, shaded fraction =
Number of smiling faces = 5 8
7. (B) : Total number of equal parts of pizza = 12
5
\ Required fraction = Number of parts of pizza Aanya ate = 5
12 Number of parts of pizza left = 12 – 5 = 7
4 Numerator
3. (C) : Fraction = 7
11 Denominator So, fraction of pizza left =
12
4. (B) : Total number of toys = 24
8. (D) : Total number of crayons = 7
So, one-sixth of 24 toys = 24 ÷ 6 = 4
Number of green crayons = 3
1
5. (C) : of 36 = 36 ÷ 3 = 12 3
3 So, fraction of green crayons =
7
SELF TEST - 2 9. (B)
1. (D) 10. (C) : Total number of equal pieces of cake = 10
2 6 2+6 8 Number of friends = 5
2. (B) : Required sum = + = =
5 5 5 5 So, each friend get 10 ÷ 5 = 2 equal pieces
4 2 4+2 6 2
3. (B) : + = = So, fraction of cake each friend get =
7 7 7 7 10
5 2 5−2 3
− = = 11. (A) : Total number of biscuits baked = 37
7 7 7 7 Number of biscuits given to poor children = 23
And 6 > 3 Number of biscuits left = 37 – 23 = 14
7 7 14
9 8 4 3 So, fraction of biscuits left =
4. (D) : > > > . 37
11 11 11 11
5. (B) 12. (C) : Shaded fraction of +
EXERCISE 3 1 3 +1 4
= + = =
1. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 16 3 3 3 3
Number of shaded parts = 6 13. (C) : Total number of animals in the zoo
6 = 8 + 5 + 3 = 16
So, required shaded fraction = Number of monkeys in the zoo = 3
16
2. (D) : Total number of fidgets = 7 3
So, required fraction =
Number of crossed fidgets = 3 16
3 14. (B) : Total number of letters in the given word
So, required fraction =
7 =8
8 7
3. (C) : > > > 5 2 Total number of vowels (E, O, E) = 3
9 9 9 9 3
So, fraction of vowels in the given word =
4. (B) 8
15. (D) : Total number of digits in the given series 24. (A) : Total number of trees in the garden = 60
= 21 1
Number of trees Kirti watered = of 60
Number of digit 7 in the given series = 4 3
4 = 60 ÷ 3 = 20
So, required fraction = \ Number of trees unwatered = 60 – 20 = 40
21
40
16. (B) : Total number of equal parts = 10 So, fraction of trees left unwatered =
Number of unshaded parts = 4 60
4 25. (A) : Total number of stars = 13
So, fraction of unshaded part =
10 Number of stars outside the box = 5
17. (A) : Total number of petals = 6 5
So, required fraction =
Total number of petals must be shaded to make 13
1 1 26. (D) : Total number of equal parts = 25
shaded fraction = × 6 = 3
2 2 Number of unshaded parts = 12
Number of more petals must be shaded = 3 – 2 = 1 12
So, fraction of unshaded region =
18. (A) 25
19. (C) : 27. (D) : (A) Total number of equal parts = 4
Number of Number of Shaded Number of shaded parts = 2
equal parts shaded parts fraction 2
\ Shaded fraction =
(A) 8 2 2/8 4
(B) 8 3 3/8 (B) Total number of equal parts = 2
(C) 8 4 4/8 Number of shaded part = 1
(D) 8 5 5/8 1
\ Shaded fraction =
2 4 1 2 + 4 1 6 1 6 −1 5 2
20. (A) : + − = − = − = =
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 (C) Total number of equal parts = 4
1 5 6 1+ 5 6 6 6 6 − 6 0 Number of shaded parts = 3
and + − = − = − = = =0 3
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 \ Shaded fraction =
5 4
So, > 0
7 (D) Total number of equal parts = 3
21. (B) : Quantity of sugar Sneha puts in bowl Number of shaded part = 1
1 1
= cup \ Shaded fraction =
5 3
3 28. (A) : Total number of cans bought = 85
Quantity of sugar added = cup
5 Number of cans used = 32
1 3 32
Quantity of sugar in bowl now =  +  cup So, fraction of cans used =
5 5 85
1+ 3 4 29. (A) : Total number of equal parts = 8
= cup = cup
5 5 Number of shaded parts = 4
22. (B) : Total number of butterflies = 25 4
So, fraction of shaded part =
Number of shaded butterflies = 12 8
So, number of butterflies not shaded = 25 – 12 = 13 30. (C) : Total number of coins = 50 + 25 = 75
13 Number of ` 10 coins = 50
So, fraction of butterflies not shaded = 50
25 So, fraction of ` 10 coins =
75
23. (C) : Total number of alphabets = 26 31. (B) : (P) Total number of equal parts = 5
Total number of consonants = 21 Number of shaded parts = 2
21 2
So, fraction of consonants = So, shaded fraction =
26 5
(Q) Total number of equal parts = 4 SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
Number of shaded parts = 2 1. (A) : Total number of butterflies = 11
2 Number of butterflies which are not red = 6
So, shaded fraction =
4 6
So, required fraction =
(R) Total number of equal parts = 4 11
Number of shaded part = 1 2. (B) : Total number of ice-creams = 10 + 15 = 25
1 Number of chocolate ice-creams = 15
So, shaded fraction = 
4 15
So, required fraction =
32. (B) : (P) Total number of equal parts = 8 25
Number of shaded parts = 5 3. (C) : (P) Total number of flowers = 8
5 Number of shaded flowers = 4
So, shaded fraction = 4
8 \ Shaded fraction =
(Q) Total number of bananas = 8 8
(Q) Total number of equal parts = 10
Number of encircled bananas = 4
Number of shaded parts = 4
4
So, fraction of encircled bananas = 4
8 \ Shaded fraction =
10
(R) Total number of letters = 8 (R) Total number of equal parts = 6
Number of vowels (E, A, I, E) = 4 Number of shaded parts = 4
4 4
So, fraction of vowels = \ Shaded fraction =
8 6
33. (D) : Total numbers = 13 2 3 5 9
4. (C) : < < <
(A) Numbers having zero at units place 7 7 7 7
(50, 40, 30, 90, 700) = 5 5. (B) : (A) Total number of equal parts = 4
5 Number of shaded parts = 1
So, required fraction = 1
13 So, shaded fraction =
(B) Numbers having 9 at tens place (92, 98, 90, 95) = 4 4
4 (B) Total number of equal parts = 4
So, required fraction = Number of shaded parts = 2
13
(C) Three digit numbers (700, 512) = 2 2
So, shaded fraction =
2 4
So, required fraction = (C) Total number of equal parts = 4
13
Number of shaded parts = 1
34. (B) : Figure Shaded fraction
P 2/8 1
So, shaded fraction =
Q 4/8 4
R 3/8 (D) Total number of equal parts = 4
S 5/8 Number of shaded parts = 3
Correct descending order is S, Q, R, P. 3
So, shaded fraction =
4
35. (B) : 1 =2 ⇒3 =6 6. (D) : Total number of pastries = 1010
Total number of butterscotch and chocolate pastries
1 = 175 + 240 = 415
⇒ (6 + 3) =1⇒9 =1⇒1 =
9 \ Number of pineapple pastries = 1010 – 415 = 595
4 595
⇒ = = So, fraction of pineapple pastries =
9 1010
7. (C) : Total number of letters = 7 6
Number of vowels (I, A) = 2 So, shaded fraction =
8
2 R. Total number of figures = 8
So, fraction of vowels =
7 Number of shaded figures = 5
1 5
8. (D) : Shaded fraction of first figure = So, shaded fraction =
4 8
2 S. Total number of figures = 12
Shaded fraction of second figure =
4 Number of shaded figures = 6
3 6
Shaded fraction of third figure = So, shaded fraction =
4 12
1 2 3 7 6 7−6 1
\ Required sum = + + 10. (B) : (P) − = =
4 4 4 9 9 9 9
1+ 2 + 3 6
= = 1 3 2 1+ 3 + 2 6
4 4 (Q) + + = =
4 4 4 4 4
9. (B) : P. Total number of figures = 8
Number of shaded figures = 2 (R) 3 + 7 − 1 = 3 + 7 − 1 = 10 − 1
2 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
So, shaded fraction = 10 − 1 9
8 = =
Q. Total number of figures = 8 13 13
Number of shaded figures = 6 12 10 12 − 10 2
(S) − = =
14 14 14 14