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Natural Resource Management

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Neha Tayagi
Assistant Professor,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Motherhood University, Roorkee
Mudita Mishra,
Emami Limited

Ravikant Mishra,
Emami Limited

NAV CHETNA PUBLICATIONS

 Abstract
It is important to conserve (save) non-renewable resources, because if we
use them too quickly there'll not be enough. Most natural resources are
limited. this suggests they're going to eventually run out. Encourage the
protection and restoration of water sources, and promote water use
optimization. Require the implementation of systems for wastewater
treatment before reuse or disposal. Foster conservation and improved
carbon stocks. Promote waste reduction, recycling and responsible
disposal. Sustainable development is that the development that meets the
necessity of this generation without compromising the power of future
generations to satisfy their own needs. It helps in natural resources
management as natural resources are utilized and saved.
Introduction
Natural Resource Management (NRM) alludes to the feasible use of
signicant normal assets, for example, land, water, air, minerals,
woodlands, sheries, and wild greenery. Together, these assets give the
environment benets that give better quality to human life. Characteristic
asset the executives, manages to deal with the manner by which
individuals and common scenes interface. It unites land use arranging,
whether the executives, bio-decent variety protection, and the future
manageability of enterprises like horticulture, mining, the travel industry,
sheries and ranger service.
We need to manage our natural resources because of these reasons: The
resources of the earth are limited. As the human population is increasing
rapidly, the demand for resources increases day by day. Thus, proper
management of these resources can ensure that they last for the
generations to come.
Normal assets, both renewable and non-renewable, and environment
administrations are an aspect of the genuine abundance of countries.
They are the characteristic capital out of which different types of capital
are made. They contribute towards nancial income, salary, and
neediness decrease.
Humans depend on natural resources for sources of energy and raw
materials to make products. Food is another natural resource that can be
consumed in its natural state or processed into some other product (think
wheat into our into bread). Resources can be put into categories as
renewable and nonrenewable.
A resource is any natural or articial substance or energy which can be
used for the benets of mankind. Natural resources are those which exist
in the environment naturally, that is, they are not created by humans.
They are soil, water, sunlight, the wind, plants, coal etc.
Natural resources are classied further into exhaustible and inexhaustible
resources. Exhaustible resources are those which are limited and will be
exhausted with continuous usage, for example, coal, natural gas etc.
whereas inexhaustible resources are those which cannot be depleted by
human consumption, for example, wind power and water power etc.,Need
for Conservation of Natural Resources.
Need for Conservation of Natural Resources
As the population of the world is increasing at an alarming rate, the
consumption of natural resources is also increasing. Hence, these
resources should be conserved to maintain ecological balance and save
them for future generations. The proper management of a resource to
prevent its destruction or exploitation is called conservation.
To support life by supporting ecological balance
To ensure that the future generations will be able to access the resources
To preserve the biodiversity
To make sure human race survives.
Soil
Reforestation
Planting trees helps in reducing soil erosion.
Terracing
Terrace farming helps to control the fast ow of water which takes away
soil with its ow. It is usually practiced in hilly areas.
Soil fertility
Maintenance of soil fertility is obtained by adding manure or fertilizers or
even by crop rotation.
Water
Rainwater Harvesting
It is the process of storing rainwater.
Treatment of Industrial Wastes
The chemical wastes must be treated before releasing them into the water
bodies.
Dams and Reservoirs
Dams help to store water and supply them when needed. They also help in
producing energy.
Growing Flora
It helps to prevent the ow of water and makes it sink into the soil
increasing groundwater levels.
Energy Resources
These include coal, biomass natural gas etc. These are exploited every day
in one form or the other. Natural gas is commonly used for cooking and
coal is the main source of electricity. Petroleum products are used to run
automobiles. These are being consumed daily at a tremendous rate. Thus,
an urgent need to conserve energy resources is needed as they are non-
renewable. The following steps can help in their conservation biomass
using energy.
Promoting green technology like solar panels and other renewable sources
of energy.
Minimize the over-exploitation of these non-renewable energy resources.
Spreading awareness among people about the need for conservation.
Biodiversity
In-situ
Protecting plants and animals within their natural habitats is called In-
situ conservation. For example- National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries etc.
Ex-situ
Protecting the plants and animals outside their natural habitat is called
Ex-situ conservation. They include Seed Banks, Pollen Banks, Botanical
Gardens, Zoo, Gene Banks etc.
Need for Management for Natural Resources
The resources of the world are limited. due to the rapid increase in human
population, the demand for resources is increasing day-by-day. the right
management can make sure that the natural resources are used
judiciously, in order that they fulll the requirements of present
generation and also last for the generations to return
The proper management of natural resources takes into consideration
long-term perspective (or view) and prevents their exploitation to hilt for
short-term gains.
The proper management can ensure equitable distribution of natural
resources in order that all the people can enjoy the event of those
resources.
The proper management will take into consideration the damage caused to
the environment during the 'extraction' or 'use' of the natural resources
and nd ways and means to minimize this damage.
Conservation of Wildlife
It's vital to conserve wild-life to take care of the ecological balance in nature
and to preserve the gene pool. a number of the measures (or steps) to be
taken for the conservation of wildlife are given below:
Laws should be made to impose a complete ban on the poaching (killing) or
capturing of any animal or bird belonging to a species.
The natural habitats of untamed animals and birds should be preserved by
establishing National Parks and Sanctuaries throughout the country.
The Government Department connected with the conservation of wildlife
should conduct a periodic survey altogether the forests, National parks
and Sanctuaries to possess knowledge of the population of all species of
untamed animals and birds.
Special attention should be paid to the conservation of species of untamed
animals and birds to stop their extinction altogether.
The unauthorized felling (cutting) of forest trees for timber trade and fuel-
wood should be curbed (stopped) immediately.
Forest and Wild Life Conservation
Forests are biodiversity hot spots. Biodiversity of a neighborhood is that
the number of species of various life forms like bacteria, fungi, powering
plants insects, birds, etc.
Hotspot means a neighborhood lled with biological diversity.
loss of diversity may cause a loss of ecological stability/ecological
imbalance.
Stake holders: an individual having interest or concern for something is
named as a stakeholder.
Sustainable Management
Management of forest resources wisely to form it available for future
generations.
To consider the conservation of forests, we'd like to seem at the
stakeholders who are:
The people that sleep in or around forests are hooked in to forest products
for various aspects of their life.
The Forest Department of the govt which owns the land and controls the
resources from forests.
The industrialists—from those that use 'tendu' leaves to form bidis to those
with papermills who use various forest produce.
The wild life and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature in its
pristine form with regulation.
A major program called silviculture has been began to replenish the forests
by growing more trees and plants.
Conservation of Forests
It's administered by the subsequent methods
Afforestation
It's growing of forests on unprotected barren lands. Van Mahotsava may be
a tree plantation movement administered twice a year (February and July)
by both government and voluntary agencies.
Reforestation
It's developing forest cover within the area which has been damaged or
cleared during exploitation.
Separation of Economic Forestry
Useful plants required by industry should be planted separately preferably
on waste land. Growing industry required plants is named production
plantation.
Grazing
Grazing should be regulated consistent with the supply of pasturage.
Deforestation
Removal, decreases or deterioration of forest cover of a neighborhood is
named deforestation.
Effects of Deforestation
Soil Erosion
Removal of plant cover exposes the fertile soil to wind and water. The latter
remove the highest soil and make the world infertile.
Desertication
Removal of forest cover within the plains makes the world dry. In hot
season, the soil becomes loose. Air currents deduct the ne soil particles
leaving sand.
Floods
In season many temporary rivulets are formed thanks to loss of absorption
capacity by unprotected soil. The rivulets produce oods in low land
causing loss to agriculture and forest, property and life.
Destruction of Untamed Life
Deforestation results in destruction of natural habitats of wild animals
and plants. Wildlife is, therefore, destroyed.
Climatic Changes: within the absence of forest cover, the summer becomes
hotter while the winters become extra cool. The frequency of rainfall
decreases.
National Award for Wildlife Conservation
The govt., of India, has recently instituted an 'Amrita Devi Bishnoi National
Award for wildlife foresty and conservation within the memory of Amrita
Devi, who in 1931 sacriced her life with side 363 other for the protection
'Khejri Trees' in Kherali Village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.
Chipko Andolan
Movement originated in Garhwal in early 1970's that was the results of a
grassroot level effort to nish the alienation of individuals from their forest.
Thus, Chipko Andolan is that the tree hugging movement, during which
the villagers compel the axeman to prevent tree felling by embracing and
forming ring (circle) round the marked trees.
Water as a Resource
Water may be a basic necessity for all terrestrial sorts of life. Regions of
water scarcity are closely related to the regions of acute poverty.
Failure to sustain water availability has resulted in loss of vegetation cover,
diversion for top water demanding crops and pollution from industries
and, urban wastes and fewer rain.
Irrigation methods like dams, tanks should be utilized in various a part of
India.
 Advantages of Dams
Water from a dam is employed for irrigation in elds through a network of
canals. Dams ensure around the year water system to the crop elds and
help raise agricultural production.
Water from a dam is supplied to the people in towns and cities through
pipelines after suitable treatment. during this way, construction of dams
ensures continuous water system within the region.
The falling water (or owing water) from the dam is employed for generating
electricity. The water rushing down the dam turns turbines which run
electric generators.
Disadvantages of Dams
Social Problems
Thanks to the development of high-rise dams, an outsized number of
human settlements (or villages) are submerged within the water of huge
reservoir formed by the dam and lots of people are rendered homeless. This
creates a social problem.
Environmental Problems
The development of high-rise dams on the rivers contributes to
deforestation and loss of biodiversity. this is often because a huge sort of
ora and fauna (plants and animals) get submerged within the water of
huge reservoir formed by the dam and disturb the ecological balance.
Economic Problems
Some people say that the development of high-rise dams involves the
spending of an enormous amount of public money without the generation
of proportionate benets.
Forests: Forests are important renewable natural resources dominated
mainly by trees forming a kind of cover, they're essential for the ecological
balance of all ecosystems. They maintain the biological ecosystem.
Water Harvesting
Aim is to develop primary resources of land and water and to supply
secondary resources of plants and animals to be used during a manner
which cannot cause ecological imbalance.
Various ancient methods of water harvesting.
Advantages of Khadin System
v Water doesn't evaporate
v Recharge wells and moisture for vegetation.
v Does not provide a tract for mosquito
v Groundwater is shielded from human and animal waste.
Green House Effect
When the reected back infra-red rays (of longer wave-length) of the Sun
are entrapped by C02 gas of atmosphere, the atmosphere gets warmed.
This phenomenon is understood as 'Green House Effect'.
1. A coliform may be a group of bacteria, found in human intestines,
whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease-causing
microorganisms.
2. In 1985, our government started a multi-crore project named as 'Ganga
Action Plan'. the most aim of this project is to enhance the water quality of
Our holy river Ganga.
3. The water of the river Ganga gets polluted due to the subsequent
reasons:
Dumping of untreated sewage.
Human activities like bathing or washing of garments.
Immersion of ashes or unburnt corpses.
Chemical efuents from industries.
This all pollutes water, increasing the toxicity level which kills sh in large
sections of the river.
4. One should conne mind the three R's to save lots of the environment:
Reduce: Using less and fewer of natural resources.
One can help by switching off unnecessary lights and fans, repairing leaky
taps, preventing wastage of food.
Recycling: It minimizes the faster depletion of natural resources.
Reuse: it's better than recycling because the method of recycling uses some
energy.
5. Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.
6. The concept of sustainable development encourages sorts of growth that
meet current basic human needs, while preserving the resources for the
requirements of future generation.
7. The sustainable development: It implies a change altogether aspects of
life. It depends upon the willingness of the people to vary their perceptions
of the socioeconomic and environmental conditions around them and
therefore the readiness of every individual to change their present use of
natural resources.
The sustainable development: It implies a change altogether aspects of life.
It depends upon the willingness of the people to vary their perceptions of
the socioeconomic and environmental conditions around them and
therefore the readiness of every individual to change their present use of
natural resources.
8. Sustainable natural resources management demands the following:
Using resources carefully because these aren't unlimited.
A long-term perspective in order that these resources will last for the
generations to return and cannot merely be exploited for short-term gains.
Equitable distribution of resources in order that all and not just a couple of
rich and powerful people, enjoy the event of those resources.
Checking the damage caused to the environment while these resources are
either extracted or used,
Planning for the safe disposal of the waste which is generated when natural
resources are either extracted or used.
9. Forests are 'biodiversity hot spots. One measure of the biodiversity of an
area is that the number of various species found there. However, the range
of various life forms (such as bacteria, fungi, ferns, owering plants,
nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles then on) is additionally important.
10. one among the most aim of conservation is to undertake and preserve
the biodiversity that we've inherited.
11. A loss of diversity may cause a loss of ecological stability.
12. Forest resources need to be utilized in a fashion that's both
environmentally and developmentally sound.
13. The destruction of forests not only affects the supply of forest products,
but also the standard of soil and therefore the sources of water.
14. Despite nature's monsoon bounty, failure to sustain water availability
underground has resulted largely from the loss of vegetation cover,
diversion for top water demanding crops and pollution from industrial
efuents and concrete wastes.
15. Dams are built to make sure the storage of adequate water not just for
irrigation but also for generating electricity. However, building of huge
dams cause social, economic and environmental problem.
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