Sociocultural Sustainability Impacts of Taal Batangas’ Heritage Sites

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Hospitality Management/Culinary Management/Tourism Management Program
STI College Lipa

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Charie B. Extra
Aira Lyne E. Leyesa
Ritchel Ryan S. Serrano
Cedrieck P. Tumbaga

January __, 2022

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 RESEARCH PROPOSAL APPROVAL SHEET

This research proposal entitled: Sociocultural Sustainability Impacts of Taal Batangas

Heritage Sites prepared and submitted by Charie B. Extra; Aira Lyne E. Leyesa;
Ritchel S. Serrano; and Cedrieck P. Tumbaga, in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of
Science degree requirements in Tourism Management, has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval.

Princess Dianne P. Cuasay, MIHM, LPT

Research Coordinator

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ______.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Ms. Mara Robles, Academic Head, STI Tanauan

Lead Panel

Ms. Amalia Manguiat Mr. Joey Dela Peña

Panel Member Panel Member

Date of Oral Examination: January __, 2022

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject Research

in Tourism.

Rovilyn L. Burgos

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 Research Adviser/Program Head

RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Title : SOCIOCULTURALSUSTAINABILITY IMPACTS OF

TAAL BATANGAS HERITAGE SITES

Researchers : Extra, Charie B.

Leyesa, Aira Lyne E.

Serrano, Ritchel Ryan S.

Tumbaga, Cedrieck P.

Program : Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Year : 4th Year

Adviser : Ms. Rovilyn L. Burgos

Institution : STI College Lipa

This study was administered to discern the socio-cultural impacts of heritage sites

on the residents of Taal, Batangas. The research was held in Taal, Batangas to employ the

targeted respondents that are the residents of Taal, Batangas. The study aimed to seek

answers to the following: (1) demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender,

age, civil status, highest educational attainment, and years of residency; (2) impacts of

heritage sites in Taal, Batangas in terms of positive and negative sociocultural impact; (3)

significant relationship between the perceived negative and positive impacts of heritage

sites to the residents of Taal Batangas; and, (4) course of action that may be proposed to

maintain the sustainable community. This study's target respondents were 300 and only

those residents of Taal for 5 years and above and aged 18 and up were included.

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 To test the hypothesis a survey was been distributed to 300 residents of Taal,

Batangas to collect a piece of information to formally discuss the socio-cultural impacts

of heritage sites. Whereas, out of 300 respondents, the highest frequency in terms of sex,

gained 67 percent which is female with a frequency of 202. 33 percent of the respondents

were 22 to 25 years old with a frequency of 99. Meanwhile in terms of civil status

majority of the respondents are single with 48 percent and a frequency of 142. And 44

percent for the highest educational attainment with a frequency of 130. Lastly, 58 percent

with 173 frequency for years of residency of the respondents. As the result, it showed that

there is no significant relationship between socio-cultural impacts on heritage and the

local community. With the calculated Pearson r-value of 0.021 and a probability value of

0.711 interpreted as ‘Not Significant' decided that the null hypothesis of the study must

be accepted.

In conlusion based on the data collected that Local heritages for the community

people and tourist are essential in terms of their identification and uniqueness. It has a

deeper value and importance that opened numerous opportunities for Taal, Batangas

heritages and its people to be known across the world. And for recommendation; (1)

every individual within the community should build camaraderie within their social

environment to ensure a more engaging and harmonious relationship in the community

and as well as the promotions to the tourist and other neighboring cities: (2) locals must

know the essentiality of the diverse positive and negative impacts of these heritages: (3)

everyone must be supplied with adequate knowledge and understanding as to what the

purpose of sociocultural heritages to locals and tourist; (4) Educate the local practices

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among the people in the community to broaden their perspectives as future heirs if the

cultures and flourish heritages.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their deepest and sincerest gratitude to the

following: 

      To Mrs. Rovilyn Burgos, Program Head of STI College Lipa, for her support and

encouragement. 

      To Princess Dianne P. Cuasay, MIHM, LPT, the reserch coordinator, for her guidance

and advice throughout the research. 

      To their thesis adviser, Mrs. Rovilyn Burgos for patiently assisting them in analyzing

the data obtained, for her suggestion and advice in enhancing this study and for her

infinite guidance and encouragement throughout the preparation and improvement in

their work. 

      To Ms. Mary Joy Garcia, the statistician, whose statistical expertise was valuable

during the analysis and interpretation of the data.

To 300 respondents, who help and give information that unlocked the objective of

the study.

To all the student-respondents for their full cooperation. 

      To the teachers of college department in STI College Lipa for helping and letting

them in administering. 

      To their parents for their unending financial and moral support. 

      To their brothers and sisters who are always beside them every time they need the

most. 

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      And above all, to the almighty God, who was given them sufficient, strength,

knowledge, wisdom, patience and courage to overcome those challenges and trials that

they meet in their daily lives especially in accomplishing this research. 

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 DEDICATION

The researchers dedicate this piece of work to their beloved parents who lift them

whenever they're down, to their co-students, to their friends who are always there when

they needed them the most, to their special someone who inspired them all the way. And

most especially to the Lord, for the innumerable gifts He bestowed upon them. 

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 Table of Contents
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Research Abstract iii
Acknowledgement vi
Dedication Viii
Table of Contents ix
CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1
Background of the Study…………………………………………….... 2
Rationale………………………………………………………………... 4
Research Questions……………………………………………………. 4
Significance of the Study………………………………………………. 5
Objectives ……………………………………………………………… 6
Scope and Limitations ………………………………………………… 6
CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature ……………………………… 8
Synthesis………………………………………………………………… 13
CHAPTER III: Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………. 14
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………. 15
CHAPTER IV: Methodology
Research Design………………………………………………………. 18
Respondents of the Study…………………………………………….. 19
Research Instrument………………………………………………….. 19
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………. 20
Sampling Method and Procedure…………………………………….. 21
CHAPTER V: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND……………………. 24
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER VI: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS 41
AND RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………..
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………… 45
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire…………………………………… 49
Appendix B: Summary Graph of the Response ……………………… 52

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 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE

4.1.1 Profile of Respondents in Terms of Sex 30

4.1.2 Profile of Respondents in Terms of Age 31

4.1.3 Profile of Respondents in Terms of Civil Status 31

4.1.4 Profile of the Respondents According to Educational 32

Attainment

4.1.5 Profile of Respondents in Terms of their Years of 33

Residency

4.2.1 Summary Results for Sociocultural Impact of Heritage 34

Sites in Terms of Positive Effect

4.2.1 Summary of Results for Sociocultural Impact of Heritage 35

Sites in Terms of Negative Effect

3.1.1 Significant Relationship Sociocultural Impacts on 37

Heritages to Local Community

FIGURE 1. Sustainability Impact Framework derived 42

from Ap and Crompton’s Theory
FIGURE 2. Conceptual Framework (IPO Model)
21

23

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Philippines is one of the most visited country in the world not just for its pristine beaches

and natural wonders but also for its historical and cultural sites. As the country has its

unique history, different heritage sites are still existing as this is a global phenomenon

that captures the history of a place that has significant role in presenting the past. Hence,

the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization designates such

Heritage Sites as “Outstanding Universal Value” under the Convention Concerning the

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. It is a common responsibility of

both the organization and the people to preserve and protect the importance and

discovery of every heritage site especially those found locally as this also contribute to

their livelihood and tourism (Fernando, 2021).

As declared by the National Historic Institute thru Resolution No. 02 dated

September 30, 1987, the town of Taal, Batangas is considered as a “Heritage Village”. Its

primary objective is to preserve and conserve the rich cultural heritage and structures

within the Heritage Village and buffer zones. As stated by Aguda, et.al (2013), Taal as a

cultural heritage is an important marketing tool to attract tourist who have special interest

in history and arts. It also relates on emerging generations of tourist who seek not only to

inertly observe the past but learn from it, and where appropriate, challenge and change it.

Sociocultural impacts define how the local community of a tourism destination is

affected by the tourism industry. The adverse positive and negative impacts of heritage

sites to the community of Taal will be measured to adhere to the sustainability practices.

The goal is to create a peaceful sociocultural environment in which all tourist

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stakeholders may maintain long-term sustainable partnerships. It implies that as the

Heritage Village in Taal make its way to a more sustainable and advanced community,

the people still consider sustainable tourism to conserve their heritage sites and help both

tourism and its residents

And with the help of sustainable community, Taal can make more efforts to move

forward without destroying their historical sites as this is their identity and source of

income. Hence, the study will examine the adverse positive and negative sociocultural

impact of heritage site in Taal, Batangas to the lives of the locals.

Background of the Study

Heritage sites is a global phenomenon that captures the history of a place that has

a significant role in presenting the past. As a heritage village destination, Taal reigns as

one of the most culturally preserved sites of the country’s four-century Spanish and forty-

year American colonial eras. It conforms to the old town layout combining municipal

hall-school-church-and-market (Aguda, et.al, 2013). The most interesting part of going

around Taal is having to see heritage houses that allow tourist to travel back in time as

the unique exquisiteness from the olden days still remain for the present generation to

catch a glimpse (Buena, et.al, 2014). Likewise, heritage sites in Taal contribute to the

tourism and livelihood of its residents as it provides its natural wonders to everyone. In

return, the residents of Taal create every possible way to maintain and nurture every

heritage site that they have.

As mentioned by Tourism Secretary Alberto Lim, “Taal Heritage Town is a fine

example of the sustainable development as well as responsible and ethical promotion of

cultural tourism in the Philippines. In spite of the urbanization and modernization of its

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neighboring towns and cities, the local person has preserved their indigenous Tagalog

culture and traditions in their beloved town”. It is important that Taaleño participate in

the formulation of their cultural tourism policy and implementation of projects with

stakeholders in the local, national and global levels. As the town continuously developed

itself to a more progressive community, the people of Taal also made sure that the culture

and tradition of their town remain. The community also took necessary steps in order to

maintain the authenticity of their heritage sites that includes their houses, churches,

houses, museum and even business structures. Heritage tourism also promotes

community pride by allowing people to work together to enhance economic and cultural

development through distinct community opportunities. Studies show that travelers are

more apt to visit places with a strong community identity (Aguda, 2013).

In addition, deeper involvement of locals in developing sustainable tourism

practices is a great help to manage their community as a society, tourist spot and heritage

site. Butler (2011) defined sustainable tourism as tourism that respect both local people

and the traveler, cultural heritage and the environment. According to Global Sustainable

Tourism Council, this also refers to sustainable practices in and by the tourism to aspire

and acknowledge all impacts of tourism, both negative and positive. Thus, aiming to

minimize the negative and maximize the positive. As the locals are also in charge of

maintaining the heritage sites and tourism destinations, they are responsible for

developing such sustainability plans. Such that, these practices are environmentally and

socioeconomically sustainable for both the tourism and community.

Meanwhile, the development of sustainable tourism, specifically its sociocultural

aspect, has an impact on sustainable community as it contributes to the culture and

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livelihood of the locals. On the other hand, sustainable community, in return, also affect

the sustainable sociocultural aspect of Taal since the community are the ones who apply

the practices to conserve and preserve the heritage sites. On an article, “What is

sustainable community?”, sustainable community means managing human, natural and

financial capital to meet current needs while ensuring that adequate resources are

available for the future generations. Hence, managing the sociocultural impacts of

heritage sites to the local residents and promoting sustainability practices will be of

importance.

Rationale

The researchers conducted this study to manage the sociocultural sustainability

impact of heritage sites of Taal, Batangas based on the demographic profile of its

residents and the perceived positive and negative impacts of heritage sites. The study also

ought to understand the relationship of these impacts on the residents of Taal. Thus,

making an action plan on how to lessen the negative impact of such practices and to

promote the beauty of their culture without destroying it.

Research Questions

Specifically, this study is conducted to determine the sustainable sociocultural impact

of the heritage sites in Taal, Batangas to maintain its authenticity regardless of

modernization and to sustain and enrich its culture. This study seeks to answer the

following question:

1. What is the demographic profile of the residents in terms of:

1.1 age;

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 1.2 sex;

1.3 civil status;

1.4 educational attainment; and

1.5 years of residency?

2. What are the impacts of heritage sites in Taal, Batangas’ residents terms of:

2.1 Positive Sociocultural Impact;

2.2 Negative Sociocultural Impact?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the perceived negative and positive

impacts of heritage sites to the residents of Taal Batangas?

4. What course of action may be proposed to maintain the sustainable community

practices to help sustain tourism development is Heritage Village in Taal,

Batangas.

Significance of the Study

This research helps the Taal Batangas heritage to conserve and improve the

heritage sites as means of tourist attraction in the area. Whereas, the findings of the study

benefit the community, its culture and as well as tourists. It will present the idea of how

the heritage sites has an impact to the residents in terms of socio-cultural sustainability.

Meanwhile, it will be focusing to the effect of the heritage sites in social and cultural

norms of the residents and the whole community of Taal, Batangas. It will measure the

pros and cons of heritage sites as an attraction in the area considering the socio-cultural

sustainability of the community. Thus, it implies a recommendation from the result of the

study that will help the community to sustain

Objectives:

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 To associate the knowledge of the selected demographic which is only specified

in the main location.

1. To evaluate the impacts of socio-cultural sustainability to the residents of Taal

Batangas.

2. To know the valuable relationship of the impacts to the residents to maintain the

sustainability of the community.

3. To provide a recommendation for the Taal Batangas that will conserve the

heritage sites.

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses on the sociocultural impacts of the residents that aims to

provide informative research that focuses on the influence or pros and cons of heritage

sites of Taal Batangas on promoting a sociocultural sustainability of the municipality in

terms of the perceived impacts. The data collection will be conducted to 300 randomly

selected residents of Taal Batangas who will represent the population. Specifically, the

researchers aim to present the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of sex,

age, educational attainment, civil status, and residency. It intends to identify the effects of

developing heritages sites to establish municipality’s heritage tourism.

Additionally, it seeks to identify the problems encountered in promoting sociocultural

sustainability when Taal Batangas was fully developed as a tourism destination and, to

recommend ideas and plans of action to enhance the responsible promotion of sustainable

community on Taal, Batangas. Each of the respondents is given the same questionnaires

to answer. The result of this study will be applicable only to the respondents of this study

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and will not measure to the effects sociocultural sustainability of other places who do not

belong to the population of this study. This study will be conducted at the Taal Batangas.

The main source of data will be the questionnaire, which is prepared by the researchers.

The effects of heritage sites in terms of social and cultural in Taal Batangas lead us to

make a study that would help and benefit the person whom is able to read this research

especially to the residents of Taal Batangas.

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 CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature

Uncovering the History of Taal, Batangas

According to Department of Tourism, the Philippines has a rich and proud history, dating

back to its initial periods as one of Southeast Asia's busiest business districts and later as a

gateway for the trans-Pacific galleon trade. Thereafter, a three-century period of Spanish

colonization imprinted a lasting impact on the country. This tumultuous period, along with the

American occupation, shaped the Philippines and its people. A vibrant past has left its

impression on the archipelago in a variety of ways that tourists to the country are discovering.

Historical and cultural stories that until now is treasured by a lot of Filipino people.

One of the most popular and known historical and cultural sites in the Philippines is in

Taal, Batangas. As what the Provincial tagline of Taal, Batangas said, “It’s all here, it’s near”, a

tourist can enjoy many facades of Taal, Batangas such as natural attractions, religious sites,

sports and recreation destinations, places for gastronomic adventures, and historical and cultural

sites. The town is also known as the Balisong and Barong Tagalog Capital of the Philippines.

In the province of Batangas, Taal is a second-class municipality. The population was

61,460 as of the most recent census, as determined by the 2020 Census. This equated to 2.11

percent of Batangas province's total population, or 0.38 percent of the CALABARZON region's

total population. According to these estimates, the population density is 2,065 people per square

kilometer or 5,349 people per square mile.

As mentioned by Castillo et al., (2015), Taal, Batangas is the best place to experience a

Spanish Colonial town because it showcases a 17 th to early 20th century ambiance of the

Philippines. Taal has a wonderful historical background since it was the stage where great men

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and women plotted and played out their diverse roles in quest of independence and national

identity throughout the war for liberation. The town features a number of well-preserved and

exquisite colonial-era homes, as well as religious heritage monuments.

Taal, Batangas as a Heritage Tourism Site

According to UNESCO, heritage sites are those areas or objects that has cultural and/or

natural significance that are exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and have common

importance for the present and future of all humanity. Such that, the permanent protection of

heritage is the most priority. The organization include three types of sites: cultural, natural and

mixed sites. Hundreds of ancient buildings and town sites, notable archaeological sites, and

works of monumental sculpture or painting make up cultural heritage sites. Furthermore, natural

heritage sites are defined as areas that (1) provide outstanding examples of Earth's record of life

or geologic processes, (2) provide excellent examples of ongoing ecological and biological

evolutionary processes, (3) contain rare, unique, superlative, or outstanding natural phenomena,

or (4) provide habitat for rare or endangered animals or plants or are sites of exceptional

biodiversity. Meanwhile, mixed heritage are those considered as cultural and natural sites.

Aguda (2015) reiterated that Taal is considered as a heritage site destination as it

preserved the most cultural sites in the Philippines. This was further proved by Cruz et al.,

(2015), as he mentioned that there is concrete proof of Taal being a cultural heritage. Taal passed

on from generation-to-generation heritage sites like the most valued attractions of their town,

Basilica of St. Martin the Tours, Asia’s largest Catholic church, the Heritage Village and their

Pasubat Festival which is celebrated every month of April to conglomerate the trademarks of

Taal. Hence, these are the reason Taal, Batangas consider heritage tourism as their way of

maintaining their cultural and social sustainability.

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 Cultural heritage tourism allows people to get a more in-depth understanding of their

culture by visiting attractions, historical or culturally significant sites, or participating in cultural

activities. Tourists interested in cultural heritage desire to learn about the ideas and practices that

shaped a people's shared identity, as well as the difficulties and accomplishments that shaped that

identity. Some of these visitors may have ancestors who are related to the persons whose history

they are studying. They travel to learn about other cultures and the history, but they do so as

tourists rather as specialists (MucNulty, 2014). Furthermore, Buena et al., (2014) confirmed that

because of a trend toward more specialization among travelers, cultural tourism is the fastest

expanding component of the tourism business. The increase in the number of tourists seeking

adventure, culture, history, archaeology, and engagement with local people reflects this trend.

Bacoro (2014) revealed that cultural tourism industry contributes to the local people of

Taal by improving their way of living. However, Aguda (2013) added that tourism has an impact

on the municipality of Taal, Batangas in terms of social, economic, environmental, cultural,

heritage, and artistic. Problems encountered in safeguarding heritage tourism in Taal include a

lack of government financial support and garbage management and disposal concerns.

Sociocultural Impact of Taal, Batangas’ Heritage to its People

People's desire to visit cultural/heritage destinations has recently increased, and this trend

is predicted to continue. The increase in the number of travelers seeking adventure, culture,

history, archeology, and engagement with local people reflects this trend. Tourism and economic

prospects, as well as social and cultural benefits, typically drive the development of event

hosting. (Magpantay et al., 2014). The social culture of host communities’ benefits from tourism

development. Tourism's sociocultural benefit may include a stronger feeling of community

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identity, a stronger sense of connection to local settings, and improved social capital as a result

of an increase in tourists (Zhuang, 2019).

Sociocultural impacts referred to the effects of direct and indirect relations with tourist by

the host communities and its interaction with the tourism industry. Social impact can cost of

benefit a certain community. Tourism has numerous social benefits that demonstrate beneficial

societal impacts. These could involve things like conserving local culture and heritage,

strengthening communities, providing social services, commercializing culture and arts,

revitalizing customs and art forms, and historical preservation. In contrary, the host communities

bear a considerable number of socio-cultural expenses. Societal transformation, shifting values,

increasing crime and gambling, changes in moral behavior, changes in family structure and roles,

problems with the tourist-host relationship, and the destruction of history are some of the

negative social repercussions. (Staiton, 2021).

In an analysis of Aguda (2013), the residents consider social impact like preserved

culture, heritage, the arts, and the environment, promotes peace and pride in the local culture and

location. Hence, Taal is noted for its distinctive and well-preserved landmarks, tourists may have

the opportunity to learn about the Taaleno way of life. The local administration organizes events

related to the presentation of culture, arts, heritage, and the environment in accordance with this.

Taalenos and people from other towns can contribute to the progress of peace by doing so.

However, the residents most common struggles were financial support from the local

government, followed by concerns about trash management and disposal, and the economic

viability of historic tourist efforts. The local government requires financial assistance in order to

develop tourism. The least serious issues were a lack of heritage tourism development, a concern

with the coastal environment, and promotional and advertising techniques for heritage sites.

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 As noted by Shahzalal (2016), the increased cross-cultural interaction; understanding,

maintaining, and keeping local culture, arts, crafts, and customs; empowering host communities;

and enhancing cultural values are among the most prevalent positive effects of tourism on

culture. Nevertheless, it negatively affects host in a way that as local people entertain tourist,

they adapt on tourists’ needs, attitude and values, and ultimately start following them, also

known as Acculturation effect. Furthermore, native culture is mixed with Western culture which

makes it a hybrid culture which results to culture loss. And lastly, cultural modification which is

the transformation of value-from sacred to profane and from real to unauthentic.

Hence, Aguda (2013) stated that the cultural, heritage and arts of the heritage sites of

Taal affects the people, as the visitors are attracted and interested in history and preservation of

local history and culture, and festivals. Moreover, Alberto Lim, the Secretary of Tourism, is

enthusiastic. "It is critical that every Taaleno participate in the development of their cultural

tourism policy and the implementation of initiatives with local, national, and international

stakeholders. As a result of their empowerment, they will be able to obtain more advantages and

welfare possibilities for themselves and their host communities.

It is more important than ever to pay attention to the surroundings. Despite the numerous

labor and environmental standards in place, only a small percentage of them are actually

followed. Tourism operators must realize that sustainable tourism entails more than merely

preserving a tourist destination's lovely landscape. It entails, for example, honoring village

mindset, places of worship, and agricultural areas, as well as everything else that contributes to

the preservation of local cultural identity (Venturini, 2020).

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Synthesis

This section includes a summary of the literature from journals, conferences, and other

sources.

Thesis and articles throughout the years, the Philippines is one of the most visited country

in the world not just for its pristine beaches and natural wonders but also for its historical and

cultural sites. As the country has its unique history, different heritage sites are still existing as

this is a global phenomenon that captures the history of a place that has significant role in

presenting the past. Hence, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

designates such Heritage Sites as “Outstanding Universal Value” under the Convention

Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

The researchers conducted this study to manage the sociocultural sustainability impact of

heritage sites of Taal, Batangas based on the demographic profile of its residents and the

perceived positive and negative impacts of heritage sites. The study also ought to understand the

relationship of these impacts on the residents of Taal. Thus, making an action plan on how to

lessen the negative impact of such practices and to promote the beauty of their culture without

destroying it.

Local heritages for the community people and tourist are essential in terms of their

identification and uniqueness. It has a deeper value and importance that opened numerous

opportunities for Taal, Batangas heritages and its people to be known across the world.

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 CHAPTER III 
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework 

This chapter presents the theoretical and conceptual framework where the study is derived. This

includes the theoretical prospective governing the research as well as the IPO design crafted

providing guides for data collection and analyzation.

Theoretical Framework

This section highlights the theoretical perspective of the study which was composed of

concept that serves as the referring theory relative to the research. Also, this framework

strengthens the theoretical assumptions, connectivity on existing research, and limitations of

generalization that is critical towards the study. (Libguides, 2021)

Figure 1. Sustainability Impact Framework derived from Ap and Crompton’s Theory

According to Afthanorhan, Awang. and Fazella (2017), the theoretical framework

constituting Ap and Crompton in the year 1998 stated that the socio-cultural impact constitutes a

14
huge amount of observed impact on tourism, as perceived by the locals even if it seems difficult

to measure or quantify. Since it can change slowly over time, the transformation lead to positive

and/or negative perception among the residents towards tourism development. Relative to

positive perception, socio-cultural impact is significant due to improvise made on local services,

public transport, infrastructure development, and the local community engagements based

tourism. However, negative impacts can also occur as a result of the positive socio-cultural

impacts presented on the environment and is inevitable. Although there are a lot of researches

made as it is prevalent among countries, positive and negative socio-cultural impacts has no

absolute consensus on what constitutes the dimensions of tourism impacts.

Jankovic (2019) stated on her foreign study regarding Host Perceptions of Sociocultural

Impacts of Tourism, sustainability’s concept regarding to sociocultural pillar has subject of

research in the recent years that deals with the perceptions and attitudes of the local community

towards tourism and tourism development. In developing a strategy in assessing the stakeholders

input prior of this concern, sociocultural impacts are highlighted to create a necessary

equilibrium among interests.

In relation to this, the study inputs crafted by both study situate the generation of the

researchers theoretical construct and modified as presented on the research. Though the

sustainable impacts factors are vast and broad, the researchers focus only on sociocultural

impacts, its positive and negative repercussions on heritages and locals distinctively.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 2 shows the process of data collection and conceptualization processes through

which the research shall be accomplished. This presents the IPO (Input-Process-Output) Model

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of research in which also indicates the systematized process information dissemination, gathering

and analysis.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic profile of the  Utilization

Generation of a
of online
mediated survey
plan/activity/project
respondent in terms of: through
priorgoogle
of the forms.
conclusion
a. Age and recommendation
 Researcher-made
derived from the
b. Sex Questionnaires
results.
c. Civil status
 Retrieval, Tabulation,
d. Educational analyzation and
Interpretation of data
attainment responses using
e. Years of residency specified statistical
treatment mechanisms

Impacts of heritage sites in

Taal, Batangas to the
residents in terms of:
a. Positive socio-
cultural impacts
b. Negative socio-
cultural impacts

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework (IPO Model)

The above framework states the overall process that the researchers used in the research

system. The left portion of the model shows the Input wherein demographical information of the

respondents relative to their age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and years of residency.

16
In addition, this also reiterates the positive and negative impacts of sociocultural sustainability

among the locals and its significant relationship between the mentioned specifics.

On the other hand, the Process section highlights the overall data collection and treatment

on which the researchers will use to effectively present the data. Online survey questionnaires

modified by the researchers are maneuvered and disseminated in Google forms respectively.

Analyzation and Interpretation are done relative to the collected data presented in tabular

orientations.

Lastly, the Output process exhibits the overall intervention of the researchers regarding the

results derived from the responses. Also, recommendations are significant factors in construction

of this action.

17
 CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter concisely discusses the research methodologies process, data gathering

mechanisms and procedures. Furthermore, this section will also highlight the research

instruments and statistical analysis employed all throughout the research procedures.

Research Design

The study is quantitative research that mainly focuses on the how Sociocultural changes

circulating on the environment impacts Taal, Batangas heritages in terms on sustainability and

maintenance. This method permits specification of variables to allow a longitudinal measurement

of subsequent performance and conduct research problems in a set and specific term for the

research subject. Moreover, this will also identify positive and negative impacts of these

specifics not only to heritages but to the locals residing within the vicinity.

In consideration with the nature of the research, the proponents utilized descriptive

approach in research which was identified by Sumeracki (2020) as an in-depth view of research

that identifies level of details, creation of new data with or without hypotheses and relations on

the natural environment.

A descriptive research method describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon

studied. This methodology mainly focuses more on “what” and “why” of the research subject. In

addition, this describes demographical segments for a specific phenomenon occurring. Though it

can be used in multiple ways such as defining respondent characteristics, data trend

measurements, and validation, definite process is crucial in attaining the result of the study.

Respondents of the study

18
 The respondents of the study were the locals residing on Taal, Batangas which was

believed by the researchers the main source of information that is mostly beneficial to the study.

The sociocultural sustainability process together with the inevitable changing factors within the

environment experienced by the natives can suffice the needs of the research respectively

considering ethical measurements and alike.

The researchers purposively chose the participants within the area contemplating the

scope and nature of the study. Specifically, a total of 300 respondents are chosen to answer the

researcher-made questionnaires carried out on the process which is based on their time

availability and comfortability. To ensure the validity and reliability of the information derived

from participants, extents of residency is considered as presented on the demographics to meet

the utmost extent of the objective of the research.

Research Instrument

A researcher-made questionnaire modified from Jankovic was utilized as data gathering

instrument in identifying sociocultural sustainability impacts for the respondents respectively.

This research questionnaire was checked and revised along the process for reliability and validity

purposes. The questionnaire is divided distinctively in parts seeking for individual demographics

and a statement checklist highlighting and quantifying positive and negative impacts of heritages

on locals of Taal Batangas. Each checklist were comprised of 10 items each section (20 overall)

particularly emphasizing the impacts respectively.

To further assess the derived responses from each respondent, the researchers made us of

a scored system responses with corresponding interpretations. To determine the sociocultural

19
sustainability impacts of heritages on Taal Batangas, the following scale of mean ranges were

used to interpret the computed weighted mean and composite mean.

Rating Mean Ranges Interpretation

4 3. 51- 4.00 Strongly Agree/Highly Impacted

3 2. 50 - 3.50 Agree/Impacted

2 1.51 – 2.50 Slightly Agree/Slightly Impacted

1 1. 00 – 1.50 Disagree/Not Impacted

Data Gathering Procedure

This part discusses the processes done by the researchers althroughout the time the

research was carried out. This reiterates the initial steps of the research such us respondents’

identification, questionnaire formulation, instrumentations, and actions.

The researchers primarily started by constructing a research topic were the whole

procedure circulated. Upon the approval of the thesis topic, formulation of research statements

and background were made to fully expound the context of the research study. In this process,

respondents which are 300 residents of Taal Batangas were identified as well as the

questionnaire, terms and consideration that can be significant prior of the study’s results.

The researcher constructed questionnaire after revisions and changes by the research

professor, were administered through online platform (google forms) amidst the current

limitations posted by the circumstances. Responses from each participant are retrieved and later

on tallied, tabularized, analyzed and interpreted as the data are treated with utmost

confidentiality.

20
 Later on, the researchers seek for related cases and information that can support and

justify the derived results from the study. Due to limited information present and availability of

physical resources, the researchers utilized online researches and studies.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The information gathered from the respondents of Taal Batangas relative to sociocultural

sustainability impacts are tallied and tabulated using the following statistical analysis.

Frequency and Percentage. These calculations are used to determine the totality of the

specified variables identify.

Formula:

f
P= x 100
N

Where:

P= Percentage

F= total number of responses

N= total number of respondents

Weighted Mean. This is used to determine the average assessment of the respondents

regarding the set of data in the study.

Formula:

∑ fx
WM=
N

21
Where:

WM= Weighted Mean

∑ fx = sum of the product of the frequency and the raw score

N= total number of respondents

Sampling Method and Procedure

In this research, the researchers made use of a non-probability sampling method to gather

responses from the selected respondents. Purposive sampling as defined by Alchemer (2021) is

also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, in which researchers rely on their

own judgment when choosing participants of the population to survey

questionnaires. Furthermore, this sampling method requires researchers to have initial

understanding and knowledge about the purpose of the study to accurately choose and approach

eligible participants for surveys conducted using online survey platforms or on hand. More

likely, purposive sampling are utilized to access a particular subset of people, as the participants

of the survey are selected relative to the specified profile of the research. 

Purposive sampling enables the researchers to squeeze various information out of the data

that have been collected and describe major impacts to the findings on the given population.

This is also extremely time and cost-effective when compared to other sampling methods that

require specified conditions. (Alchemer, 2021)

22
 The utilization of purposive sampling method under nonprobability distinction is

significant prior of data collections since the respondents of the researchers are specified on the

area. Moreover, the research process is administered through online platforms, it will be efficient

to collect data from the residents of Taal Batangas, the researchers ensures that the respondents

that are obtained are well oriented on the objective of the research, limitations, ethical

consideration, and confidentiality. Disseminations of links and other information generating tools

will be the sole responsible of the researchers as well the retrieval, tabulation, analysis, and

interpretation.

23
 CHAPTER V
PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

This chapter highlights the presentation of the findings, analysis and interpretation of the

data predetermined on the initial chapters of the research.

Profile of the Respondents

This part presents the profile of the respondents in terms of their sex, age, civil status,

educational attainment, and length of residency.

1.1. Sex. The physical assignment of one individual upon birth and define difference

whether male or female.

Table 4.1.1 presents the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms of sex.

Table 4.1.1

Profile of Respondents in Terms of Sex

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 98 33

Female 202 67

TOTAL 300 100

The table showed that out of the 300 respondents of the study, majority are female

respondents with a frequency of 202 that comprised 67% of the total population. Meanwhile, the

remaining percentage of 33% belongs to the male participants with a frequency of 98

respectively.

The number of female participants exceeded the number of male participants due to

availability and individual inclination to the study.

24
 1.2. Age. The length of time that determines a specific individual existence from date

of birth

Table 4.1.2 presents the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms

of age.

Table 4.1.2

Profile of Respondents in Terms of Age

Age Frequency Percentage

18 – 21 53 18

22 - 25 99 33

26 – 29 63 21

30 – 33 46 15

34 – 37 19 6

37 above 20 7

TOTAL 300 100

The above table stated that majority of the respondents are from age bracket of 22-25

years old with a frequency of 99 which took about 33% of the total population. This was

followed by the ages 26-29 with 63 respondents (21%), ages 18-21 with a frequency of 53

(18%), and age bracket of 30-33 years old with 46 total frequencies (15%). On the other hand,

25
ages that ranged from 34-37 had the least number of respondents with a frequency of 19 and

percentage of 6% followed by ages 37 and above with 20 responses (7%) as the least.

It can be inferred that majority of the respondents that participated in the research are

under 22 to 25 years old. These individuals are at the stage where social interest and awareness

within the environment are more substantial and invested at.

1.3. Civil Status. A marital status that acts as a determinant factor of relationship

among individuals in the society whether single, married, separated, and/or widowed.

Table 4.1.3 presents the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms

of civil status.

Table 4.1.3

Profile Respondents in Terms of Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 142 48

Married 120 40

Separated 31 10

Widow 7 2

TOTAL 300 100

The above table showed that in terms of civil status demographics, majority of the

respondents are single with a frequency of 142 and a percentage of 48%. Meanwhile, the least

26
was under the indicator Widow which took up a frequency of 7 which is 2% of the overall

population.

It can be presumed that within the table, respondents with single civil status are more

predominant that the others wherein they have the most abundant time to fully commit and

engage themselves for the study. They sought to engage on things that can be beneficial at some

aspects.

1.4. Educational Attainment. This refers to the highest level of education that an

individual had completed relative to learning, knowledge acquired and competencies.

Table 4.1.4 presents the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms

of educational attainment.

Table 4.1.4

Profile Respondents in Terms of Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Elementary 10 3

High School 87 29

Undergraduate 73 24

College Graduate 130 44

TOTAL 300 100

27
 The aforementioned table showed that in terms of educational attainment of the

respondents, majority are College Graduate with a frequency of 130 which took about 44% of

the total population. This was followed by high school with a frequency distribution of 87 and a

percentage of 29% and undergraduates with 73 as frequency and a percentage of 24%. On the

contrary, the number with least responses was on elementary with a frequency of 10 and

mounted 3% only of the population.

Majority of the respondents are college graduates meaning that they have the most

convenient time for the assessment and a reassuring knowledge as to what the objective of the

study is needed.

1.5. Years of Residency. This refers to the length of time an individual lived on a

specific area or location.

Table 4.1.5 presents the frequency distribution and percentage of the respondents in terms

of years of residency in Taal.

Table 4.1.5

Profile Respondents in Terms of Years of Residency in Taal

Years of Residency Frequency Percentage

5 years and below 49 16

6 – 20 years 173 58

21 – 40 years 69 23

41 – 60 years and above 9 3

28
 TOTAL 300 100

The table above presented that predominance in terms of the length of residency in Taal

was evident on 6-20 years which has a frequency distribution of 173 and a percentage of almost

half of the population, 58%. Meanwhile, years of residency of 21-40 years followed the specific

with a number of 69 (23%) and 5 years and below with a frequency of 49 (16%). The 41-60

years and above was the least with a frequency of 9 at 3%.

Most of the respondents of the research do reside on the location for about 6 to 20 years

meaning that they have at least encountered and witnessed some of the abrupt changes within the

community.

2. Sociocultural Impacts

This portion presents the mean distribution of sociocultural heritage sites on Taal Batangas

that highlights positive and negative impacts respectively.

2.1. Positive Sociocultural Impacts. A checklist derived theoretical and developed

that examines positive sociocultural impacts of heritage sites on specific areas and/or

locations.

29
 Table 4.2.1 presents the weighted mean, standard deviation and verbal interpretation

of the indicators under the problem.

Table 4.2.1

Mean Distribution of the Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites

Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation

The heritage sites in Taal…

1. Bring opportunity to local people like

employment in different sectors such as 3.65 SA

culture, travel agencies, hospitality, etc.

2. Positively influence community life. 3.40 SA

3. Increase awareness of the local people to

3.35 SA
the need to protect resources.

4. Fostered harmonious relation between

3.26 SA
locals and tourists.

5. Helps with the revitalization of history

3.40 SA
and local culture

6. Invites investment towards its

3.34 SA
conservation and preservation.

7. Promotes its history through cultural

3.49 SA
activities, events and festivals.

8. Urged the town to protect other historical

3.47 SA
sites in the area.

30
 9. Brings pride and honor in our traditional
3.45 SA
culture.

10. Overall, Taal has improved because of the

3.46 SA
demand in tourism industry.

 Composite Mean 3.43 Strongly Agree

Relative to the table above, among the items, indicator no. 1 with a statement of “Bring

opportunity to local people like employment in different sectors such as culture, travel agencies,

hospitality, etc.” got the highest weighted mean of 3.65 and was verbally interpreted as Strongly

Agree. Secondly, statement number 9, “Promotes its history through cultural activities, events

and festivals followed with a computed mean of 3.49 and is verbally interpreted with SA

(Strongly Agree). It showed that heritages in Taal, Batangas brings opportunities to local people

especially on employment sectors in culture, travels and hospitality as well as the promotion of

such that becomes beneficial not only to the province but as well to the locals. On the other

hand, item no. 4 got the lowest calculated mean of 3.26 with a standard deviation of 0.644 and a

verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree in extent. The respondents believed that fostered

relationships between tourists and local is the least positive impact on the area.

Furthermore, with a composite mean of 3.43 and a verbal interpretation of SA or

Strongly Agree, it can be inferred that the respondents believed that heritages in Taal created

positive sociocultural impacts on the locals of the community which was according to Akova

and Atsiz (2019), heritages create positive sociocultural interactions amongst individual across

the world of different barriers. Moreover, this situates to a mutual effect between the tourism

and the local community that makes up the features of interaction and results to positive or

31
beneficial aftermaths such as revitalization of local arts, crafts and traditional cultural activities;

revitalization of social and cultural life of the local people; restoration of local architectural

traditions, etc.

2.1. Negative Sociocultural Impact. A checklist derived theoretical and developed that

examines negative sociocultural impacts of heritage sites on specific areas and/or locations.

Table 4.2.2 presents the weighted mean, standard deviation and verbal interpretation of the

indicators under the problem.

Table 4.2.2

Mean Distribution of the Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites

Weighted Verbal
Items
Mean Interpretation

The heritage sites in Taal…

1. Led to the resentment and stress between

3.06 A
locals and tourists.

2. Led the local and traditional values

weakened due the influence of different 3.00 A

culture or development.

3. Overexploitation and poor management

may damage heritage site’s integrity and 3.13 A

significant properties.

4. Led to rapid growth of infrastructures

3.04 A
that poses stress to society.

5. May disrupt the social order due to 3.22 A

32
 overcrowding, traffic, violence etc.

6. Led to loss of local identity. 3.04 A

7. Changes cultural arts, ceremonies,

festival and dances according to the 3.01 A

desire of the visitors.

8. Led to loss of authenticity and meaning

of traditional arts and crafts due to 3.05 A

tourists’ high demands.

9. Led to locals’ concern on safety and

3.31 SA
security.

10. Contributes nothing to the sociocultural

3.04 A
growth of the area.

 Composite Mean 3.09 Agree

Based on the aforementioned table of negative sociocultural impacts, the statement under

item number 9 that “Led to locals’ concern on safety and security” got the highest calculated

mean of 3.31 and a verbal interpretation of SA (Strongly Agree). This was followed by “May

disrupt the social order due to overcrowding, traffic, violence etc.” under item number 5 with a

tabulated mean of 3.22 and a verbal interpretation of A (Agree). The respondents believed that

these local heritages might lead to safety and security circumstances not only to tourists but as

well to the natives of the community. Moreover, this also results to social disruptions and other

cases that affect the region in general.

33
 On the contrary, item no. 2 got the least mean weighted of 3.00 and a standard deviation of

0.790 with a verbal interpretation of A (Agree). This showed that respondents viewed influences

from different cultures and development weakens traditional values in a proximal point.

With this, negative sociocultural impacts were also significant to locals relative to

community heritages which was supported with a calculated composite mean of 3.09 and is

verbally interpreted by A (Agree). Supported by Stainton (2021) claims, huge numbers of socio-

cultural costs are commonly lashed out on most of the host communities. This involves negative

impacts like changes in values and sociability; increased crime and gambling; altered moral

behaviors; changes in roles and responsibilities; problems with the tourist-host relationship and

the destruction of heritage.

3. Significant relationship between Sociocultural Impacts on Heritages to Local

Community.

This presents the calculated significant relationship self-motivation and decision-making

skills to sociocultural impacts and acceptance.

3.1. Significant relationship between Sociocultural Impacts on Heritages to Local

Community. This depicts the significant relation between sociocultural impacts on

heritages to local community.

Table 3.1.1 presents the Pearson r, probability value, interpretation and decision upon the

identification of relations.

Table 3.1.1

Significant Relationship Sociocultural Impacts on Heritages to Local Community

34
Pearson r Probability Value Interpretation Decision

0.021 0.711 Not Significant Accept Ho

Level of Significance= 0.05

*very weak/ negligible correlation

RULE: If the obtained p- value (probability value) is greater than the level of significance of

0.05, researchers accept the null hypothesis.

According to the table below, it can be inferred that there is no significant relationship

between sociocultural impacts on heritages and local community. With the calculated Pearson r

value of 0.021 and a probability value of 0.711 interpreted as ‘Not Significant' decided that the

null hypothesis of the study must be accepted.

Castillo et. Al (2015) reiterated that sociocultural impacts on Taal heritages between the

sites, tourist and local have different affects in tourism. With the wide ranged festivities,

destination and diversity of people makes it more conducive and visited by huge amount of

tourist. Furthermore, Akova and Atsiz (2019) also stated that interaction within the local

community that host the heritages have mutual positive and negative impacts that is molds a

town and/or a city as to what is it now. Sociocultural impacts on tourism come to exist within

this relation thus, subjected to changes that vary across time.

35
 4. Proposed Action Plan to be implemented for promotion and improvement.

The study conducted by research in relation to the sociocultural heritages in

Taal, Batangas to the locals resulted to the crafted action plan below:

 Intervention  Objectives  Person  Outcomes  Evaluation

Involved Process

  It can be a 1. To 

1. Advertisemen marketing  promote 

t Campaign strategy that will

 the local
 This will be

mold the idea of

 DOT, Local heritages evaluated

bringing the Community, and through the

Heritage Sites in Local people outcomes

Taal Batangas Tourism practices, after the

into the world Officer traditions presentation

whereas it can and of

help both cultures advertisement

residents and of Taal, to the public.

community. Its Batangas.

objective is to 2. To

promote tourism market

of Batangas. local

 products

and other

36
 in online

platforms

and etc.

2. Conduct of
 Its objective is to
 1. To  This will be

Seminars and create enlarge the

 strengthe evaluated

Trainings to tourism within the

 n the after the

promote and Taal Batangas,

 DOT, Local communi establishment

strengthen hence it can value Community, ty’s s of the

heritage essence of Local overall necessary

ambiance heritage sites by Tourism presentati infrastructures

through creating the same Officer on and to the city

infrastructure ambiance. establish with its

s ment to specified

establishment the local functions that

and etc. and will create

tourist tourism

that will advantage.

be

beneficial

to the

city’s

income.

3. Launch of
 To help residents
 1. To help


37
business and to be able to
 the locals


trades and increase the

 Residents, for  This will be

auctions to positivity Local effective evaluated by

the locals outcome of Community and the auction

highlighting heritage sites to efficient and open

income the community. ways of trades within

development promotin the city open

and g local for all local

marketing heritages entrepreneurs

strategies. and other and investors.

assets.

2. To

recalibrat

e them

more on

business

and

marketin

strategies

that can

be of

help

38
 towards

tourism

developm

ent.

4. Administering
 To help the locals
 1. To 

Public Health and the heritages

 educate  This will be

and Safety visited by the

 Local the local evaluated

preparations tourist to Community, about the through the

and determine DOT, Local necessity actions of the

mitigations probable risk and Tourism of public local prior of

Training hazards and the Managemen health, the conduct of

preemptive t Office safety the training as

mechanisms to personnel and well as the

assess and relations onset

mitigate this tin application of

circumstances. tourism such.

engagem

ents.

2. To

develop

the local

skills in

terms of

39
risk

assessme

nt,

managem

ent and

mitigatio

n.

40
 Chapter VI
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the research conclusions and recommendations derived

from the tabulated and analyzed results of the data gathered.

Summary

The study assessed the local community within Taal Batangas vicinity and

utilized purposive sampling method that involved 300 respondents respectively.

In addition, the researcher’s descriptive method used played a significant role in

terms of prioritizing and describing the nature of the study. The study made use of a

researcher-made questionnaire a data gathering tool that determined the demographics of

the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, and years of

residency.

The respondents who were requested to answer the survey questionnaires were

the residents of Taal Batangas. Furthermore, the researchers used weighted mean,

frequency and percentage as statistical treatment of data prior of the demographics of the

respondents. The researchers also used the Weighted Mean and Standard Deviation to

determine the information relative to the positive and negative impacts of sociocultural

heritages. Pearson r analysis was also utilized upon the identification of significant

relationship among local community and sociocultural heritages.

Findings

Upon the data are gathered, analyzed, tabulated and statistically treated, the study

inferred the following findings.

41
 1. With over 300 respondents, 67% of the overall population was female respondents

with a frequency of 202. Ages 22-25 years old are majority of the respondents with a

frequency of 99 which took about 33% of the total population. Majority of the

respondents are single with a frequency of 142 and a percentage of 48%, majority are

College Graduate with a frequency of 130 which took about 44% of the population. And,

6-20 years that has a frequency distribution of 173 and a percentage of almost half of the

population, 58% comes most of the participants.

2. On the assessment of the respondents in terms of the positive and negative

sociocultural impacts, with a composite mean of 3.43 and a verbal interpretation of SA or

Strongly Agree, it can be inferred that the respondents believed that heritages in Taal

created positive sociocultural impacts on the locals of the community. In addition,

negative sociocultural impacts were also significant to locals relative to community

heritages which was supported with a calculated composite mean of 3.09 and is verbally

interpreted by A (Agree).

3. Relative to the results showed upon the calculation of significant relationship

between sociocultural impacts on heritages to the local respondent’s profile. The obtained

p-value was greater to the level of significance (0.05) resulting to the acceptances of the

research’s null hypothesis. It can be said that there is no significant relationship between

sociocultural impacts on heritages in relation to the local’s demographics.

4. Heritages of Taal are significant to the community that helps both tourism and

residents of Taal nevertheless its negative impact. In relation to this, the researchers

proposed an action plan to further improve and promote this exquisite tourist gems to

greater heights.

42
Conclusion

Based on the results from the previous chapter, the following conclusions were

insinuated:

1. Most of the respondents of the study were female, 22 to 25 years of age, college

graduate, single and were residing in Taal, Batangas for almost 6 to 20 years.

2. The respondents believed that positive sociocultural impacts on heritages to locals

are highly significant towards tourism development and local’s benefit.

3. There is no significant no significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the sociocultural impacts of the heritage sites in Taal, Batangas.

4. Local heritages for the community people and tourist are essential in terms of

their identification and uniqueness. It has a deeper value and importance that

opened numerous opportunities for Taal, Batangas heritages and its people to be

known across the world.

Recommendations

Relative to the results and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are crafted.

1. For every individual within the community should build camaraderie within their

social environment to ensure a more engaging and harmonious relationship in the

community and as well as the promotions to the tourist and other neighboring

cities.

43
2. Locals must know the essentiality of the diverse positive and negative impacts of

these heritages to them so that they can cultivate what needs to be developed and

amend what needs to be changed.

3. Everyone must be supplied with adequate knowledge and understanding as to

what the purpose of sociocultural heritages to locals and tourist are to recalibrate

and redirect steps towards tradition, culture, people and practices cultivation.

4. Educate the local practices among the people in the community to broaden their

perspectives as future heirs if the cultures and flourish heritages that can soon be

invested and promoted all over the nation and the globe.

44
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 APENNDICES
APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire

Dear Participants!

We, 4th year Tourism Management students of STI College Lipa, are currently
conducting a research entitled Sociocultural Impacts of Heritage Sites in Taal,
Batangas. We are looking for respondents who have been residents of Taal for at least
5 years and 18 years old and above.

Your participation in this study is voluntary. You have the right to refuse to participate
in the study or to leave the survey at any moment. However, your responses will
contribute to new findings of the investigated research topic and give
recommendations.

The researchers assure your confidential information as stated in the Republic Act No.
10173, otherwise known as Data Privacy Act of 2012. It seeks to protect all forms of
information, be it private, personal or sensitive. Also, the researchers do not require
the participants to reveal their names and identities in data collection, analysis and
reporting of the study findings.

Please have a detailed look at the following questions. There are no right or wrong
answers. The researchers are simply interested in your opinion. The survey should take
approximately 10 minutes to complete.

Thank you so much for your participation!

PART I: Demographic Profile of the Participants

Kindly fill up and check (/) the answer of your choice.
Name(optional): _____________________
1.1 Gender:
__Male __ Female
1.2 Age:
__ 18-21 __ 22-25 __26-29 __30-33 ___34-37 __37-above
1.3 Civil status:
__Single __Married __Separated __Widow
1.4 Highest level of education:

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__Elementary __High School __Undergraduate __College graduate
1.5 Years of residency in Taal:
__5 years & below __6-20 years __21-40 years __41-60 years &
above

PART II: Sociocultural Sustainability Impacts of Taal, Batangas’ Heritage Sites

Direction: Given below are various statements to seek your opinion on the content of the
questionnaire. Put a check (/) against each statement you indicate the degree of your
agreement or disagreement to the given statement. Following statement will assess your
perception about the positive and negative sociocultural impacts of Taal, Batangas’
Heritage Sites.
4- Strongly Agree 3- Agree 2- Disagree 1- Strongly Disagree
A. Positive Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites (culture, religion, etc.) to the
Local Residents of Taal.
The heritage sites in Taal… 4 3 2 1
1. bring opportunity to local people like employment in
different sectors such as culture, travel agencies,
hospitality, etc.
2. positively influence community life.
3. increase awareness of the local people to the need to
protect resources.
4. fostered harmonious relation between locals and tourists.
5. helps with the revitalization of history and local culture
6. invites investment towards its conservation and
preservation.
7. promotes its history through cultural activities, events and
festivals.
8. urged the town to protect other historical sites in the area.
9. brings pride and honor in our traditional culture.
10. overall, Taal has improved because of the demand in
tourism industry.

B. Negative Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites (culture, religion, etc.) to the

Local Residents of Taal
The heritage sites in Taal… 4 3 2 1
1. led to the resentment and stress between locals and
tourists.
2. led the local and traditional values weakened due the

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 influence of different culture or development.
3. overexploitation and poor management may damage
heritage site’s integrity and significant properties.
4. led to rapid growth of infrastructures that poses stress to
society.
5. may disrupt the social order due to overcrowding, traffic,
violence etc.
6. led to loss of local identity.
7. changes cultural arts, ceremonies, festival and dances
according to the desire of the visitors.
8. led to loss of authenticity and meaning of traditional arts
and crafts due to tourists’ high demands.
9. led to locals’ concern on safety and security.
10. contributes nothing to the sociocultural growth of the
area.

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 APPENDIX B
Graph

STUDY’S SUMMARY RESPONSE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Profile of Respondents in Terms of;

Gender

Age

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 Civil Status

Highest Level of Education

Years of Residency

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 Positive Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites (culture, religion, etc.) to the Local
Residents of Taal

Negative Sociocultural Impact of Heritage Sites (culture, religion, etc.) to the Local
Residents of Taal

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