EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 74-1 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM October 2005 les 91.220 Supersedes EN 74:1988 English Version Couplers, spigot pins and baseplates for use in falsework and scaffolds - Part 1: Couplers for tubes - Requirements and test procedures accords, gouons dassemblages et semis pout Kupplungen, Zentrierboizen und Fufpaton fOr ‘alemont et échalaudages de sevice - Pare 1: Raccords Arbetsgeisie und Traggerisie- Tel: Rohrkupolungon Pour lubes - Exigences de performance el méthodes "Anlorderungen und Prulvecatven essai “This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2005, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European ‘Siandard the status ofa national slandard without ary alteration. Upto-date lists and bibliographical references conceming such national Standards may be obtained on application to the Cental Secretariat or to any CEN member ‘This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). version in any oli language made by translation under the responsibilty ofa CEN member into its own language and noted ta the Cartral Secrotaiat has the same status asthe oficial CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austia, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, aly. Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Soovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom, am! EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Cent je de Stassart, 96 B-1050 Brussels ©2005 CEN All rghts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Rel. No. EN 74-1:2008: E ‘worldwide for CEN rational Members.EN 74-1:2005 (E) Contents Page Foreword .. 3 Introduction.. 4 1 Scop 5 2 Normative references ... 5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 5 34 Terms and definitions ‘6 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations. 6 4 Types and classes of couplers 2 41 Types of couplers 7 42 Classes of couplers . 7 5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests. 2 6 General requirements 13 61 Materials, 3 62 Design 3 63 Manufacturer's drawing 6 64 Production 6 7 Test methods and evaluation of results. 6 74 Gone O16 7.2 Slipping and failure force. 9 7.3. Pull-apart force F, (RA). 6 74 Stiffnesses and ultimate moments 7 7.5 Indentation (RA,SW,PA) ... 34 8 Designation 36 9 Marking... 10 Test report. 11 Evaluation of test results. 42 Assessment... 13 Product manual... Annex A (normative) Whitworth thread size 1/2 X 12 Tpi AA Nominal values. A2 Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating ..n.nieninnmnnnnnnnnnnnninninnnenieS® Annex B (informative) Ongoing production control. 40 Bibliography.EN 74-1:2005 (E) Foreword This European Standard (EN 74-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 53 "Temporary ‘works equipment’, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006, When published this European Standard supersedes the requirements for couplers specified in EN 74:1988. ‘There are additional requirements for some couplers. ‘The couplers specified in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds erected in accordance with EN 1281 1-1 and falsework erected in accordance with EN 12812, This European Standard is not mandated at the time of publication According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland ‘and United Kingdom.Introduction This is the first of three parts of a European Standard which supersedes EN 74:1988. This first part, EN 74-1, covers common types of friction couplers, The second part, EN 74-2, deals with other less common types of couplers. The third part, EN 74-3, deals with plain base plates and loose spigot pins. Until this part is avaitable the respective clauses of EN 74:1988 remain valid. EN 74-1 defines a set of steel and aluminium reference tubes for the required tests, EN 74-1 is not intended to prevent the development of other types of couplers. For example couplers may be manufactured in aluminium or other materials or be designed for use with steel or aluminium tubes other than the normally used 48,3 mm nominal outside diameter. Whilst such couplers cannot comply with this European Standard, itis recommended that the principles of this European Standard are considered in their design and ‘assessment. ‘The couplers in this European Standard are intended for use in scaffolds and falsework for connecting 48,3, mm outside diameter steel and aluminium tubes which fulfl in other respects (e.g. material grade, thickness and tolerances) the requirements given in EN 12811-1, EN 12811-2 and EN 12810-1EN 74-1:2005 (E) 1 Scope This European Standard specifies, for right angle couplers, swivel couplers, sleeve couplers and parallel couplers working by friction: — materials; — design requirements; — strength ciasses with different structural parameters including values for resistance and stiffness; — test procedures; — assessment; and gives — recommendations for ongoing production contro. For testing, screw couplers are tightened to a torque of 50 Nm and wedge couplers are tightened with a 500 g hammer until the jarring blow. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard, For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1002-1, Metalic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 12811-1:2003, Temporary works equipment — Part 1: Scaffolds — Performance requirements and general design EN 12811-2:2004, Temporary works equipment — Part 2: Information on materials EN 1281 1-3:2002, Temporary works equipment — Part 2: Load testing EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, ‘screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load value -; Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992) EN 12812, Falsowork — Performance requirements and general design 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 12811-12003 and the following apply3.1. Terms and definitions 344 coupler device used for connecting two tubes 342 wedge coupler coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of hammering home a wedge 34.3 screw coupler coupler in which the clamping force is obtained by tightening a flap around the tube by means of a nut and a bolt 34.4 supplementary coupler right angle coupler positioned touching an identical coupler in order to increase the slip resistance checking process to establish compliance with the requirements specified in this European Standard, 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations For the purpose of this European Standard, the following symbols apply: — Fi slipping force in kN; — Failure force in kN: — Fe pull apart force in KN: — My bending or cruciform bending moment in kN; — cqxwe cruciform bending stiffness in kNmirad; — M; rotational moment in kNm: — Cyan rotational stiffress in kNmirad; — Fee specified value for slipping force in kN’ — Fie specified value for failure force in kN; — Foc specified value for pull apart force in kN; — Moe specified value for bending moment in kNm; — Cypstee Specified value for cruciform bending stiffness in kNmirad; — Mre specified value for rotational moment in kNm; — Counce Specified value for rotational stiffness in kNmirad;EN 74-1:2005 (E) —v displacement in millimetres of the transverse tube under load relative to a tube or solid bar in rotational tests; —4 displacement in millimetres of coupler under load relative to a tube or solid bar; — 44 indentation in millimetres; —P test load in kN — Pps test load for indentation in kN; —9 specified angle of rotation of a coupler in degrees; — Pi load bearing capacity of a coupler at failure; — Phx load bearing capacity of a coupler for pull apart; — My capacity of a coupler of cruciform bending ultimate moment; = Rev yield strength; — Ryo2 proof stress at elongation of 0.2 %; — Ry tensile strength; 4 Types and classes of couplers 4.1 Types of couplers ‘The types of couplers are listed in Table 1 Table 1 — Types of couplers Type of coupler Identification | Arrangement of tubes Right angle coupler RA Crossing at aright angle ‘Swivel coupler sw Crossing at any angle Parallel coupler PA Parallel Sleeve coupler SF End to end coaxially 4.2. Classes of couplers 424 General ‘The classes for each type of coupler are given in Table 2.Table 2— Classes of couplers Type of coupler Class A 8 AK 8B Right angle coupler . . . . Swivel coupler . . Parallel coupler . . = Sleeve coupler fiction type . . _ = Specified class NOTE Classes A and 8 differ in transmissible intemal forces and moments and in values of load bearing capacity and stifiness. Couplers of classes AA and BB, used as single couplers have the same characteristics as couplers of classes A and B respectively, but they may also be used to increase slipping capacity if two identical couplers AAA or BB+BB are positioned touching each other. 42.2 Transmissible internal forces, moments and related stiffnesses In general a connection between two tubes is able to transmit three forces and three moments at right angles to each other with related stifness. Tables 3 to 6 show which structural parameters apply. See Table 8 for values for testing purposes. NOTE Longitudinal stiffness may be derived from load ~ displacement curves fr sipping forces.EN 74-1:2005 (E) Table 3 — Structural parameters for right angle couplers (RA) Grass 1 r Structural parameters sas = Slipping force Fe . . 2 * 5S Rotational moment Mr = 7 ee 5S Pull apart force Fp . 7 ge Failure force Fi . 7 e Cruciform bending moment Ma* _ . By Rotational siiness Gg nit” - . ge 5S Cruciform bending stiffness come _ . 8 = _ Resistance or sifness speciied Onl for serew courlers Figure 1 — Forces and moments for a right angle couplerEN 74-1:2005 (E) Table 4 — Structural parameters for swivel couplers (SW) Structural parameter Class 1 | Slipping force F, (Figure 2) 2 | Failure force F; (Figure 2) = _ Resistance specified Figure 2— Forces for a swivel coupler Table 5 — Structural parameters for parallel couplers (PA) Structural parameter Class A 8 1 | Slipping force F, Figure 3) . . 2 | Failure force Fi (Figure 3) 7 . Resistance specified 10eS) Ca) oes Figure 3 — Forces for a parallel coupler ‘Table 6 — Structural parameters for sleeve couplers (SF) EN 74-1:2005 (E) Structural parameters Class A B 1 | Slipping force F, (Figure 4) . . 2 | Bending moment Ms Figured) = 7 ‘= Resistance specified "1Figure 4 — Forces and moments for a sleeve coupler 5 Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests The specified outside diameter of all tubes and bars shall be 48,3 mm with a tolerance for tubes of 40,5 mm and for bars of + 0,2 mm. Reference tubes shall be used that are selected from normal production whose properties lie within the tolerance bands specified in Table 7. The tubes shall be unused and steel tubes shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with EN 12811-2 class C2 of corrosion protection Table 7 — Reference tubes and bar for coupler tests Reference | Structural| Material | Yield strength or hardness | Wall Wall thickness form thickness tolerance mm RTs Tube | Steel 236 Nimm? < Rey < 265 Nimm?|3.2mm — | + 0,1 -0,2 (including corrosion resistance) RTs Tube | Stee! 315 Nimm? Rex $345 Nimm? |2.7 mm | +0,1 -0,2 (including corrosion resistance) RTs Tube | Steet 236 Nimm? < Ry < 265 Nimm?|4.0mm — |+0,1~0,2 (including corrosion resistance) RTs Tube | Alluminium | 195 Nimm? < Rey <215.Nimm?|4.0mm | +0,1-0,2 alloy RB Bar Steel 250 Brinell See Clause § 12EN 74-1:2005 (E) 6 General requirements 6.1 Materials All elements of couplers shall be made of stee! or cast iron and shall full the requirements given in European ‘Standards where design data are provided. Some information about those most commonly used is given in EN 12811-2. Elements shall be protected against almospheric corrosion in general in accordance with EN 12811-2, Electrolytical zinc coating C. with an average thickness of 15 um conforms to 8.1 of 12811-2:2004, For screw and nut connection, other corrosion protection which is specified in EN or ISO standards may be ‘applied. It shall be shown that they achieve at least equivalent protection. ‘When tested to EN 10002-1, cast irons shall have a minimum elongation of § % on ultimate strength where 23d 6.2 Design 6.2.1 A coupler model of a defined type and class shall conform to all requirements specified in Table 8, It means for any structural parameter that the evaluated test results shall be equal or exceed the specified values in this European Standard except for indentation. The characteristic values and safety coefficients to be applied for use shall be as given in EN 12811-1 and in EN 12812, 6.2.2 The design of couplers shall be such that after tightening onto any steel or aluminium tube given in Clause 5 and tightened in accordance with 7.1.7 and 7.1.8, there shall be significant effective travel on the nut or wedge, NOTE Experience shows that 2 mm of tread or wedge remaining and a minimum gap of 2 mm between the closing flap and the body are suitable limits 6.2.3 A coupler shall be manufactured so that the elements cannot be separated during normal service condition, The bolt class shall be at least M12. The bolt strength class shall be at least grade 6.6 in accordance with EN ISO 898-1. The proof load on each bolt, Rp.2. shall not be less than 32,2 KN and the RewRuy ratio not sreater than 0.8. The recommended bolt is M14x2, with tolerances in accordance with 1SO 965. % Whitworth threads shall comply with Annex A. ‘The nut and bolt combination shall be in accordance with EN 20898-2. The nut shall be one of the following: — plain hexagonal nut with a separate loose washer; or — special flanged hexagonal nut having an integral fixed washer flange: or — special hexagonal nut incorporating an integral rotating washer. ‘The outside diameter of the washers or nut flanges shall be at least equal fo the measurement across the comers of the hexagonal nuts at specified dimensions + 2 mm. The washer or nut flange thickness shall not be less than 2,5 mm. A loose washer shall have a hardness of between 200 HV and 300 HV. 13NOTE Research has shown that the slipping resistance is dependant on the bolt tension. For a given torque this tension is considerably increased when the integral frction coefficient on the thread is low, This integral fiction coefficient is significantly influenced by the type of corrosion protection and by the lubrication ofthe bolt and nut connection. 6.2.4 The correct installation of the tubes in the sleeve couplers shall preferably be achieved automatically by the design of the coupler, e.g. by a self-centring device; otherwise it shall be very easy to verify visually that its correctly assembled. 62.5 An AA or BB coupler shall also fulfl the performance requirements of A and B couplers. 6.2.6 A coupler shall not cause an indentation greater than that specified in Table 8 when tested accordance with 7.5. 14ENT: 206 (6) Table € —Test parameters and specified values ovr cass COLT RANON ‘mes Ce a a Co ) SEOFEDINLES Tom 700 i wow [saw Sigh fe fats [ican ‘0k sn ‘sow [soar sxc ow [eo rate |i |i aan [enw fran [ene aslo woe | 7st sn nea et (th Mt io foo (tthe it jana sock ed on il 8 sete ‘sont E son etn 5 ‘i © |oncim testy sien [Some [tet (Wiblttn ii i= hom aie Sot E | [oom a ste i t On Pes 660 15m Ein ts 5 =f stfon 5 fu om mn rao & | sioate re U 1ehtem ‘oi sin | rate ei |e st ani Fi bo mod stm Fh % : oo ! ston ! F i sigan a stem ‘i sw 21 : imsasten | 0 ‘00 i Fatt i: 22 [Py ‘ah 08 # he arte 5m Le hate a i =i stfon [Sit fe fat [get on how li gn (kG ate Tha §6.3 Manufacturer's drawing For each coupler model, the manufacturer shall record on the drawings sufficient information for unambiguous Identification and as a reference for subsequent inspection, a) geometry; b) dimensions and tolerances; ©) mass with tolerance; ) material specification for each element of the coupler; ) type of surface protection for each element of the coupler. 6.4 Production 6.4.1 An appropriate method of quality control during @ production program shall ensure that couplers satisfy the performance requirements of this European Standard and that they comply with the manufacturer's drawings. NOTE Annex B gives recommendations for ongoing production control When the ongoing production control follows one of the inspection methods set out in Annex B, it may be ‘assumed that the couplers produced under this regime satisfy the requirements of this clause. 6.4.2. When ongoing production control procedures differ from those recommended in Annex B, they should be drawn up by a person competent to do so. NOTE Although it is not @ requirement of this European Standard, its recommended that manufacturers submit their production control procedures periodically to third party inspections. 7 Test methods and evaluation of results 7A General 7.4.4 The minimum number of tests carried out on different types and classes of each coupler shall be in accordance with Table 9 7.4.2 The specimen required for testing shall be randomly selected (see ISO 2859) from a batch of at least 500 couplers, 7.4.3. Unused couplers shall be used for all tests except that, for ultimate load tests, those used for slip tests may be reused. 7.1.4 Where the performance of a coupler depends on the load direction, the more unfavourable load direction shall be tested. 7.4.5 All test equipment shall have an accuracy < 1%. With exception, a torque wrench may have an accuracy of at least + 5 %, 7.4.6 When testing screw couplers the conditioning for thread and bolt and nut connection shall be in accordance with the statement regarding lubrication given in the product manual (see Clause 13 e)). 7.4.7 Screw couplers shall be tightened with a torque of 50 Nm applied with a torque wrench conforming to 715. 16EN 74-1:2005 (E) 7.1.8 Wedge couplers shall be tightened with a 500 g hammer until the jarring blow is reached. 7.4.9 Before carrying out the slip tests in accordance with 7.2.1 and 7.4.2, couplers shall be tightened and Untightened 5 times, 7.4.40 Slip test loads shall not be applied until 10 min after tightening the coupler. TAM Reference tubes and bars shall be in accordance with Table 7. 7.1.42. When a right angle coupler model is tested for classes AA or BB the second coupler, which shall be an identical model to the first, shall be positioned touching the first for the slipping test. 7EN 741-2005 (€) Table9—inmun utero tt for each coupe ype and cls nd conguatin Number of tests Coupler Clause Toast caigean ‘peat Reference tubes (6 Table 7) RT| RT [Rls | RT| RB Slipping force F, | 10 | § = | 821 A Fallureforce | = [= |= | = | $ | 822 A —_ eels _ iB Slipping force F, | 10 | -- |~ | § | -~ | 824 FailureforeeFh | = |= |= | = 5 | 822 Right angle coupler ae pete a en ee W 8 Cruciform BB bending moment] 10 | ~ |~ | § | ~ | 84d My Rotational moment My bi-i-| 5 M42 Indentation - [s[-] - [-[ 85 RATA _ 8B+BB |SlippingforceF,) 10 | -- |~ | 6 | — | 821 A SlippingforceF, 10 | = § = | 2t Suivelcouler(SH)] —B — flores ee gy a A Slipping force, | 10 | = 5 | = | bat Parallel coupler (PA) 8 comm |Fallureforee |= | = 5 | 822 Indentation - [5]-] - | - [85 ; SlppingfoeF, | 10 | m= |» | 5 fm | 82h Sleeve couple ($F) 3 | entngminet 75) |. dan | MsEN 74-1:2005 (E) 7.2 Slipping and failure force 7.24 Slipping force F, (RA.SW.PA.SF) 7.24.1 Purpose of test To determine the resistance of F, of a coupler to slipping along a tube and the relative displacements between the tube and the coupler. 7.24.2 Test arrangements For right angle and swivel couplers, provide equipment to apply a test load P to the transverse tube at two points equidistant from the axis and not more than 125 mm from it, see Figures 5 and 6. Support the basic tube laterally at two points not more than 500 mm apart. Make provision for measuring the displacement 4, between the transverse and the basic tubes and 4, between the back of the coupler and the basic tube For parallel couplers, which are tested in pairs for slip, see Figure 7, support each tube outside the coupler, with the two supports not more the 1 000 mm apart. The couplers shall be not more than 400 mm apart. Make provision for measuring the displacement 4; between the two tubes and dj, and 4za) between each coupler and the tube to which i is fixed For sleeve couplers provide equipment to apply a test load P axially at the ends. Make provision for measuring the displacement 4, between two points each 250 mm from the centre of the coupler. 19EN 74-1:2005 (E) a) bl Key 1,2 reference tube RTs: — RT 3 bearing used to guide the tube ® 5250 mm m $500 mm Figure 5 — Test arrangement for the slipping force F, of right angle couplers and swivel couplersEN 74-1:2005 (E) a bl ‘ey 2 reference tube RTs; RT bearing used to guide the tube $250 mm $500 mm Figure 6 — Test arrangement for the slipping force F, of right angle couplers with the configuration AA+AA or BB+BB 244,2 reference tube RTs) — RT 3 bearing used to guide the tubes ® 51000mm ™ $400 mm Figure 7 — Test arrangement for the slipping force F, of two parallel couplers on on P Key 1.2 reference tubes RTs; — RT ’ 500 mm, Figure 8 — Test arrangement for the slipping force F, of a sleeve coupler 72.4.3 Requirements for inital load ‘Apply an initial load P to establish the zero for displacement measurements. Make this intial load P= 0,4 KN for right angle couplers and a negative initial load P= - 0,1 KN for swivel couplers Do not provide an ir ital load for parallel couplers and sleeve couplers, 72.1.4 Test procedure ‘The test load P), shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 0,3 kN per second until the coupler begins to slip. Thereatter, a rate of slip of 2,0 mm per minute shall not be exceeded. 22EN 74-1:2005 (E) Load displacement curves Py = 4) shall be plotted until either: a) displacement 4. reaches the maximum value given in Table 8; or b) test load Py, reaches a value twice the specified value Fagiven in Table 8; or ‘c) test load Py reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased. The plotied load displacement curves (Pi) = f(4)) shall include at least one displacement measurement point for every 1,0 kN inctease in load P. 7.24.5 Evaluation of test results ‘The slipping force Fy, of the specimen is the lowest test load Py, measured when the displacement 4 is between 1 mm and 2 mm, Analyse the results F,» statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Fy. The value F.2x, shall not be less than the specified value F.. from Table 8. 7.2.2 Failure force F; (RASW,PA) 7.2.2.1 Purpose of test To determine the resistance of F;, of a coupler at failure. 7.222 — Testarrangements The test arrangements for right angle couplers of classes A, B, AA and BB and for swivel couplers are shown in Figure 9. The coupler, which shall be located touching the abutment, is fixed on the basic solid bar to prevent the coupler sliding during the test. The abutment shall be on the side of the basic solid bar remote from the transverse bar. ‘The test arrangement for a parallel coupler is shown in Figure 10. The coupler, which shall be placed touching the abutment, is fixed on the basic solid bar to prevent the coupler sliding during the test. The abutment shall be on the side of the basic bar remote from the abutment. 23EN 74-1:2005 (E) ose a bl Key 1.2 barRB 3 bearing used to guide the bar 4 abutment » $250 mm ™ 5500 mm Figure 9 arrangement for the failure force F; for a right angle coupler and for a swivel coupler 24EN 74-1:2005 (E) 3 1 2 p 4 po Sth rj) 14 ' | | | i]. T | ——]"~2 : 0 Key 1 bar RB 2 ‘abutment 3 bearing used to guide the bar 4 thrust pad m 500 mm = = 48,3mm20.2 mm > 60mm Figure 10 — Test arrangement for failure force F; for a parallel coupler 7.223 Test procedure Increase the test load Py displacement controlled with not more than 2 mm per min until either: a) coupler component fractures: or b)_ test load Py reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased. Record the load displacement curves with the maximum test load Pj and the nature of the failure. 7.224 Evaluation of test results The failure force resistance Fy of each specimen is the maximum test load Py. Analyse the results of Fiy statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Fis:.. Apply an additional partial safety factor ‘jz which shall be taken either as 1,25 or may be determined in accordance with EN 12811-3. ‘The value F,53/ yo shall not be less than the specified value F,. from Table 8 257.3 Pull-apart force F, (RA) 7.3.4 Purpose of test To determine the resistance of F, of the coupler by separating into two parts. 7.3.2 Test arrangement Provide equipment to apply a test load P to the solid bar at two points equidistant from the axis and not more than 150 mm from it, see Figure 11 ose ose In 2 t T 6 6 ose 0s? Key 1,2 bar RB . 5150. mm Figure 11 — Test arrangement for pull apart force of a right angle coupler 7.3.3 Test procedure Increase the test load Py displacement controlled with not more than 2 mm per minute untl either: ) coupler component fractures; or b)_ test load Pp reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased Record the maximum test load Py and the nature of the failure. 7.3.4 Evaluation of test results The pull apart resistance Fy) of each specimen is the maximum test load Po Analyse the results of Fi. statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5% quantile F,ss,. Apply an additional partial safety factor 2 which shall be taken either as 1,25 or may be determined in accordance with EN 12811-3, The value F,; tke Shall not be less than the specified value F,.< from Table 8. 26EN 74-1:2005 (E) 7.4 Stiffnesses and ultimate moments 7.4.1 Cruciform bendingstiffness cys,49 and c.z,4e and bending moment Ms (RA) T4AA Purpose of test To determined the bending moment of resistance Mg and the cruciform bending stiffness cya and Cyan Of coupler. 7.41.2 Testarrangements Set the equipment up in accordance with Figure 12, with the length of the basic tube not exceeding 1.000 mm. plus the width of the coupler. Provide equipment to apply a test load P to one end of the transverse tube parallel to the axis of the basic tube at the distance of 750 mm from the central axis. Provide equipment on the side away from the test load P to measure the change in the angle @ between the original and the displaced axes. Key 1,2 reference tube RTs: —RTAi ab =750mm; d< 00mm 4 5500 mm Figure 12 — Test arrangement for the cruciform bending moment M, and cruciform bending stiffness Cy1ma aNd Cy2qs Of a right angle coupler 74.1.3 Test procedure ‘The test shall be carried out displacement controlled at not more than 2 cm per minute. First carry out three cycles of loading in accordance with 7.2 of EN 1281 1-3:2002 with limiting values: 27For the secondstage, increase the test load Pj (for steel tubes at least five tests in the positive and five tests in the negative direction and for aluminium tubes 6 tests in the most unfavourable direction of steel tubes ) until either: a) test load Pj; reaches a value after which the load cannot be usefully increased; or b) coupler component fractures, Plot the hysterisis curves and record the maximum test load (i) and the nature of the failure. 7 4 Evaluation of test results 7 41 Cruciform bending stiffness, The evaluation of stiffness shall be carried out based in principle on 10.10 of EN 12811-3:2002 as follows, For each single test, the stiffness c; and cy for two areas shall be determined. See Figure 13. 6) represents the stiffness as the straight line between m My +048kNm and _ “Tbs xis = 048 kN in accordance wth Equa (1), The reaut of te hid cyl shal be used to determine the values of and % oe ge MS __ 097 «) a a9 where cf represents the stness between gant A iy =-opn Srminod in aecrdonc wth Equation) where J represents the stiffness between — MB __ asin and —a4 = 08 km determined in accordance with Equation (3). ux ™ Me MB is __ 0315 (2) Ro 3-9 28EN 74-1:2005 (E) o3is @) ae nH Inthe rest step the average values and Gof alte ess hal be deterined in accordance wth the 2 Equations (4) and (6). 4) 6) Key Me cruciform bending moment, see Table 8 nee cruciform bending stifness of the coupler My load bearing capacity of the coupler for bending moment ° angle of ration NOTE This graph represents only the third hysteresis loop, Figure 13 — Cruciform bendingjstiffness curve of a right angle coupler ; and ¢» shall not be less than the specified value c,1y»,< respectively C,2.1a. in Table 8. 297.41.42. Cruciform bending moment Calculate from the maximum load Py the moments Mix, Analyse the results Myx) statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Muxsy. Mucsx shall not be less than 2°Mp = 1,6 kNm, see Table 8. 74.2 Rotational moment M; and the stiffness Cyr (RA) 7 1 Purpose of test To determine the rotational moment resistance of M; and the stiffness G,yyr to @ coupler slipping around a tube. 1 2 Testarrangements Set the equipment up in accordance with Figure 14 with the transverse tube located centrally about the basic tube. Hold the ends of the basic tube effectively to give a fixed end condition. Apply the test load P to the coupler in the more unfavourable load direction, which shall be established in initial tests, Provide equipment to measure the change in the angle , between unloaded and loaded positions of the transverse tube on the side away from the test load P. 7 3 Requirements for initial load Apply an initial load P to cause a moment of 10 Nm to establish the zero for displacement measurements. This intial load forms the zero for all displacement measurements and is part of the test load P.EN 74-1:2005 (E) Key 4,2 reference tube RTs; ~ RT ab $750mm a = 500 mm Figure 14 — Test arrangements for rotational moment Mr and stiffness cqur of a right angle coupler 74.2.4 Test procedure The test load P,) shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 0,3 kN per second until the coupler begins to slip. Thereatter, a rate of slip of 2,0 cm per minute shall not be exceeded. First carry out three cycles of loading in accordance with 7.2 of EN 12811-3:2002. Apply a load P to cause a moment M;. On completion of the cyclic loading, the test shall be continued until there is a rotation of 2° in the more unfavourable load direction. Plot a hysterisis curve of measurements for M; and g, see Figure 15. Record the lowest value of Mr between [1,0}° and |2,0|° for each specimen. 347.42.8 Evaluation of test results 7.4.2.5.4 Rotational stiffness For each single test the stiffness c, shall be determined. The value c, shall be evaluated as the straight line between Mr = + 0,130 kNm and Mr = — 0,130 kNm in accordance with Equation (6). See Figure 15. 2x0130 6) a4 Values from the third cycle shall be used. My, kN 03 018 Figure 15 — Rotational momentistiffness curve of a right angle coupler ‘The average value °° shall be determined in accordance with Equation (7). eS 0) where 3 ‘ shall not be less than the speciied value c,-Mrc given in Table 8. 742.52 Rotational moment resistance The failure ultimate rotational moment resistance Mry) of each single test shall be determined as the lowest moment between |1,0]° and |2.0)°. Analyse the results of Mr statistically in accordance with EN 12811-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Mrsx.. This quantile Mrzs, may not be less than the specified value Mr. given in Table 8,EN 74-1:2005 (E) 7.4.3 Bending moment resistance (SF) 7.4.3.1 Purpose of test To determine the ultimate bending moment resistance Ms of a sleeve coupler. 7.4.32 Testarrangement The test arrangement is shown in Figure 16, with the use of the particular spigot, if required by the manufacturer, described in the product manual. The weakest bending axis of the coupler shall be positioned ‘on the opposite side of the tubes to the test load P. If in doubt as to the weakest axis initial tests should be Carried out, Such tests are not part of the main test. Put the supports 500 mm apart and put two points at which the load P acts 125 mm apart, symmetrically to the centre point of the coupler. Provide equipment to limit the rate of displacement to 2,0 mm per minute. 7.4.3.3. Requirements for initial load Apply an initial load of + 0,1 KN to establish the zero for displacement measurements. This intial load is part of the test load. Pe Key 1,2 reference tube RTss ’ 500 mm Figure 16 — st arrangements for bending moment Mg of a sleeve coupler 7434 Test procedure The test load Pj, shall be increased uniformly at a rate not exceeding 2.4 kN per minute and the rate of displacements shall not exceed 2,0 mm per minute for 4y, Load displacement curves P,, = f(41) shall be plotted unti either: 1a) displacement 4, reaches a value of 5,0 mm; or b)_ test load Pi) reaches a value for the moment which is twice the specified value (see Table 8); or ©) test load Ppreaches a maximum after which it cannot usefully increased 33The plotted load displacement curves shall include at least one displacement measuring point for every 4,0 kN increase in test load P. Record the maximum test load Py and the nature of the failure. 74.3.5 Evaluation of test results Calculate from the maximum test loads Pi the matching moments May. Analyse the results statistically in accordance with EN 12611-3 to determine the 5 % quantile Mzsx,. This quantile may not be less than the specified value Mg. given in Table 6. 7.5. Indentation (RASW,PA) 7.5.4 Purpose of test To determine the local plastic deformation of tubes caused by forces transmitted by a coupler. 7.6.2 Test arrangement The test arrangement is shown in Figures 17, 18 and 19. reference tube RTs reference tube RTs; bearing used to quide the tube 5 250™mm 5 500mm acunag Figure 17 — Test arrangement for indentation of a right angle coupler and a swivel couplerEN 74-1:2005 (E) SA 7 / 1 3 Key 4,2. relerence tube RTse 3 bearing used to guide the tube b £1000 mm m — <400mm Figure 18 — Test arrangement for indentation of a parallel coupler t { o » Key 2,b, 6,4 measurement ines 8 = width of coupler body 1 220mm Figure 19 — Test arrangement for indentation of a right angle coupler, a swivel coupler and a parallel coupler 7.5.3 Test procedure ‘The coupler shall be subjected to the specified force Prs, given in Table 8 according to its class, ‘The coupler shall remain under the force Pp for at least 10 min, On removal of the coupler from the tubes, the maximum indentation into the tubes caused by a combination of tightening the coupler and the load Pas shall be measured, The original profile recorded for displacements shall be plotted along at least in four lines round the cross: ‘section of the tube before loading, Each set of measurements shall be used to plot a profile similar to that shown in Figure 19. The largest value in each case shall be recorded. 357.5.4 Evaluation of tests results Express the maximum value of indentation 44» for each test. These values shall not be greater to these values given in Table 8. 8 Designation For each coupler type a designation shall be established following the model given in Table 10. ‘Table 10 — Symbols for designation of couplers conforming to this European Standard tem Designation ‘Type of coupler RA, SW, SF, PA (soo Table 1) Class A,B, AA, BB (see Table 2) Method of corrosion protection Cy, C2, Cs, according to 8.4 of EN 12811-2:2004 NOTE see 7.1 for comment about electroltical corosion protection. Type of ongoing production inspection _| L or M (see Annex B) or X (not in accordance with Annex B) EXAMPLE EN74-1 RA BB C2 M The example shown represents the designation of a class BB hot dip galvanized (C2) EN 74-1 right angle coupler made in a factory with type M ongoing production inspection 9 Marking Each coupler shall be marked by impressing or embossing on the flap or the body of the coupler and shall be legible afer the protective coating has been applied, The height of the characters shall be atleast 4,0 mm and their depth shall be at least 0,2 mm, Couplers shall be marked in one or two lines with the folowing information, in the sequence given: — reference to this document, EN 74-1 — registered trademark of the manufacturer; —_ year of manufacture (last two digits only); — coupler class; — type of engoing production inspection if provided (see Annex B). EXAMPLE EN 74 XX 05 BB M 36EN 74-1:2005 (E) This example represents a class BB supplementary coupler made in a factory produced by “XX" during 2005, with type M on going production inspection 10 Test report ‘The test report shall be in accordance with EN 12811-3. 11 Evaluation of test results ‘The evaluation of test results shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12811-3 unless specified differently in this European Standard. 12 Assessment ‘The assessment shall be carried out by a person or organization different from the original designing person or organization. When it has been shown that all evaluated values and other features conform to those specified in this European Standard, a statement shall be made to that effect. NOTE Requirements for assessment vary between countries 13 Product manual ‘The manufacturer of a coupler shall produce a set of instructions forming the product manual, ‘This manual shall comprise at least the following: 1a) description and a drawing from which the coupler can be identified; b) type and class of each coupler, ‘¢) identity of the assessor and the copy of the statement of the assessment, see Clause 12; )_ instructions for using and fixing the coupler, for example: — 1) use with 48,3 mm diameter tubes and the specification of each tube type to which itis permissible to fix a coupler: — 2)for screw couplers, the tightening torque of 50 Nm; for wedge couplers the weight of the hammer (500 g) to be used for tightening until the jarring blow; — 3) statement that right angle couplers AA and BB shall be used with an identical model; — 4) statement that where required by the manufacturer a sleeve coupler shall be used with a specified spigot pin; fe) statement about the corrosion protection of the screw nut connection and about maintenance with reference to lubrication; {) statement that damaged couplers shall not be used. 37EN 74-1:2005 (E) Annex A (normative) Whitworth thread size 1/2 X 12 Tpi A.1 Nominal values BOLT (Number of threads per inch) Figure A.1 — Nominal valuesEN 74-1:2005 (E) A.2Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating BOLT Position h Postion 9, ¢ 1 ryt NUT Position H Position G 4 ut a ti —n . ' ay ba t+ = t . ek Syren “ 5 5 3] Key — Bolt (Class 69) degen = 12,7 mm seam = 9,988 mM gga = 10,025 mm 12,661 mm dig = 12,368 mm sng = 9,634 mm. —Nut (Class 6H) 9,988 mm 0,38 mm ,988 mm, Doyen = 11,944 mm Dio 11,859 mm Dina 1,344 mm, Din Figure A.2— Tolerances and limiting dimensions after coating 39Annex B (informative) Ongoing production control B.1_ Manufacture of couplers should be controlled by one of the following inspection methods: — Inspection level L ‘The production quality control is carried out only by a manufacturer approved to either EN ISO 9001 or another appropriate document. — Inspection level M The production quality control is carried out by the manufacturer itself and is supervised by an Independent certification system. B.2__The internal production quality control should be carried out in accordance with the requirements given in Table B.1. Couplers shall be checked visually and their functioning (e.g. working of the moving parts) should be checked. In addition tests in accordance with Table B.2 should be carried out, In the event of any coupler failing to pass any of the tests specified in Table B.2, the manufacturer should investigate the reason(s) for the failure and implement a solution, B.3 The third party control should normally be carried out twice a year. Generally the following checks should be made: a) random inspection of the results of the internal production quality control, b) random check on material properties; ©) random check on dimensions and tolerances; d) random check on corrosion protection; @) testing coupler resistance in accordance with Table B.: Table B.1 — Control of materials and components by the manufacturers Element tem Property to I supplied to the coupler manufacturer If produced by the coupler e checked | manufacturer Per batch ‘Additional check Frequency Each coupler component | Gualiy ef material | Certifoate Random checks on| ‘such as the Map, bod, recopt of material EN 10204 3.1.8 (certicate - torrie of compliance with the erder) ‘Dimensions, entreate Random checks on | Minimum 1 ta of each coupler tolerances, weight receipt of material ‘ype, but not ess than 3 OM | EN 10204 3.1.8 (cetcate a a Coupler components per da ‘of compliance with the order) eee pyEN 74-1:2005 (E) Table B.2— Tests to be carried out Gainer pe | harcore | nascrdanee | Retr Fragen ofnapecon ea eae cE | creme Ts pany Fah te e22 —_|re | soonocnates (rein pres ow Sona ee Bia [toerever Sperssaon Fae oe one |sooco cmon (reiman preo Px irae wes Ria | tverweaten nn | perpen = Sirona es x [perpen an [perhopcion NOTE See Table 6 for detalis of reference tubes and bar. aEN 74-1:2005 (E) a (2) 8 4) 6 Bibliography EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents EN 12810-1, Facade scaffolds made of prefabricated components — Part 1: Products specifications EN ISO 9001:2000, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001-2000) ISO 965, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerance ISO 2859, Sampling procedures for inspection by attribute