INTRODUCTION

(PART I)

TRANSPORT IN TOURISM
GHZM3053
§ Transport is the key element in the tourism industry
§ Transportation lies at the heart of the tourist industry
§ The link between home and destination
§ There is a direct relationship between advances in transportation
and growth in the tourism industry

§The role of automobile and jet airplane

§In the case of air destinations the availability of air
access is the sine qua non.
§ Early Modes of Travel
§By land (3500 BC Wheels on carts)

§By sea (3500 BC River boats)

§Railroads and Ocean Liners

§Steam engine technology (1787)

§Railway expansion (1814 - )

§Ocean liners (trans-Atlantic Voyage)

§Automobile and Airlines
§Auto replaces trains (1885 and 1908)

§Plane replaces liners (1903)

§Development of passenger planes

• Mass production of automobile pioneered by Ford Motors
• With mass production automobile become affordable
• Most popular mode of travel in the world
• In the U.S. 80% of person-trips are made by auto.
• Rental car industry growing in importance.
* Grosses approximately $20 billion per year.
• First flight: Orville and Wilbur Wright’s at Kitty Hawk (1903)
• Passenger Service 1910
• First schedule airplane passenger began in the U.S.
• Introduction of Jet aircraft 1958
• Jumbo Jet was introduced in 1970
• Concorde began service in 1976
• Air transport is the main mode of International tourism
• The global airline industry consists of over 2,000 airlines operating more
than 23,000 aircrafts
• Providing service to over 3,700 airports
• In 2006, the world’s airlines flew almost 28 million scheduled flight
departures and carried over 2 billion passengers.
• The growth of world air travel has averaged approximately 5% per year
over the past 30 years
 2006
(000) thousands
Number of
Airports Passengers
1 ATLANTA (ATL) 84,846
2 CHICAGO (ORD) 77,028
3 LONDON (LHR) 67,530
4 TOKYO (HND) 65,810
5 LOS ANGELOS (LAX) 61,041
6 DALLAS (DFW) 60,226
7 PARIS (CDG) 56,849
8 FRANKFURT (FRA) 52,810
9 BEIJING (PEK) 48,655
10 DENVER (DEN) 47,325
11 LAS VEGAS (LAS) 46,193
12 AMSTERDAM (AMS) 46,065
13 MADRID (MAD) 45,501
14 HONG KONG (HKG) 43,858
15 NEW YORK JFK 43,762
 Airline Companies Passengers (000)
1 American Airlines 88,241
2 Delta Airlines 84,245
3 Southwest Airlines 74,787
4 United Airlines 66,100
5 Japan Airlines 58,241
6 Northwest Airlines 51,975
7 Deutsche Lufthansa 45,400
8 Air France 43,700
9 All Nippon Airways 42,251
10 U.S. Airways 41,263
• Railways were the first form of mass transportation
• Passenger service began in the early 1800’s with railroad cars
• Around 1830, the Baltimore & Ohio company began using a car that held about 60
passengers
• The Pullman sleeping cars was patented in 1864
• Reached its peak volume in the U.S. in 1920.
• By the 1930’s rail travel had become faster and more comfortable
• Amtrak was founded in 1971
• Passenger rail service is much more important outside of North America.
• Efficient, economical, high speed trains provide an alternative to air travel.

Rail Service still very important in Europe and Asia

High-Speed Trains in Japan, France, Germany, Spain, China, South Korea, and Taiwan

High-speed trains carry passengers between large population centers

France TGV 357 mile; Japan 361 mile

Often train travel is faster and cheaper than air travel

Importance of Eurailpass to non-European international travelers

Channel Tunnel allows travelers to travel between Europe and U.K. (opened in 1994).

31.5 mile

Development of national highway systems increased auto travel

Automobiles

84% of all overnight weekend travel by U.S. residents is by auto

Cost, convenience, flexibility and ability to explore

U.S. and Canada have funded highways instead of rail track

Growth in rental car market

Better Vehicles

Rent A Car Services

Started by Joe Saunders in 1906, in Omaha

His first customer was a traveling salesman who had a date with a local girl.

By 1925 Saunders had car rental operations in 21 states

After the World War II, the car rental industry grew rapidly, carried along by the
expanding economy.

Major car rental companies

Enterprise (27%)

Avis

Hertz (20%)

Budget

Alamo/National (16%)

.
Buses
• Intercity bus passengers tend to be lower income non-business travelers
who are very price sensitive

• Scheduled intercity travel and charter/group travel

• New designs have increased comfort, services available and capacity

• Flexibility
• Bus Tours

• Economical and comfortable

§Recreational Vehicles
-Transport and accommodation combined

-RV campgrounds provide hook-ups for water,

electricity, and sewage.
Cruise Ships

§A passenger ship used for pleasure voyages

§Floating Resorts

§The voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience.

§Transportation and destination in one

§Become a major part of the tourism industry

§Fly-cruise packages
• Fastest growing segment of the travel industry.
• Since 1980 the industry growth rate is 8.1 %
• In 2004; 230 cruise ships carried almost 10.6 million tourists
• More than 90% American tourists
• 11.4 % increase over 2003
• Utilization is consistently over 90%
• Expanding fleets; 20 New ships will be added in 2008
• Adding new ports of call.
• Served by the Cruise Lines International Association.
Major Cruise Ships Destinations Popular Departure Locations:
•The Caribbean (50%) • Miami

•The Mexican Riviera (5%) • New York

• Port Canaveral
• Alaska (8%)
• Ft. Lauderdale
• S. Europe and Mediterranean (15%)
• Baltimore
• N. Europe and Scandinavia (4%)
• New Orleans
• Panama Canal (6%)

• South Pacific (2.2%)