lithological

sandstone grades
to clay sediment

GAS

OIL
sandstone
WATER pinch out
Open hole Cased hole Perforation &
logging logging Production
logging
7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
 7000
Tool string is moving at a certain logging
7001
speed, and data are recorded at certain
intervals called sampling rate. 7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
7006
7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
 7000

7001

7002

7003
7004
7005
And we get a group of wiggly lines 7006
called a “log” 7007
7008
7009
7010
7011
7012

7013

7014
7015
7016
 Wireline Engineer Acquisition Equipment

Client (“Witness”)
Unit Engine

Winchman
Wireline cable to
Cable drum downhole tools
 1600

Shading is often added to make the

log curves easier to read.

Some times a large group of log

curves are grouped and color coded 1700

into an “Image”. 0
Gamma Ray (GR)
(GAPI) 150
1:220 Ft Pad

-180 180 1
Rt from HALS

1000
AHTPR

More on this later 0

SP (SP)
(MV) 200 1
RX18
1000
5.00
7.75
12.01
18.62
28.85
44.72
FXND Rt from AITH 69.81
50 (PU) 0 107.43
1 (OHMM) 1000
166.51
258.08
400.00
Mud Resistivity from HALS

1 1000

90 0 90
Mud Resistivity from AITH

1 (OHMM) 1000
 Spike response function

90% of response

FWHM
(Full Width at Half Maximum)

Good vertical resolution Poor vertical resolution

FWHM used for statistical

measurements, 90% point used for
instantaneous measurements
 Fine sampling
Coarse rate
sampling rate
How thick the formation can be differentiated from 
logging curves
High resolution – image logging tools
Normal resolution – GR, Resist. Tools
Low resolution – SP tool
Shoulder bed effects

Vertical Resolution IS NOT Sampling Resolution/rate
How far the logging sensor can detect
Deep resistivity/induction logging tool – Virgin zone
Neutron and Density logging tool – Transition zone
We only consider them on Flushed zone for this training
All other tools – Flushed zone
• Lithology (reservoir rock?)
• Resistivity (HC,water,both?)
• Porosity (how much HC?)
• What type of HC

• Formation mech. properties

• Permeability / cap pressure
• Shape of the structure
• Geological information
• Geothermal
• Unconventional applications
 Gamma Ray (GR)) Computed RT Density (RHOZ)

(GAPI) 150 2 (OHMM) 2000 1.95 (G/C3) 2.95

GR
Integrated 
GR Caliper (HCAL) Resistivity Neutron Porosity

HGNS (IN) 16 2 (OHMM) 2000 6 pu 16

Gamma Ray 24 in. SP (SP) Flushed Zone Resist. Crossplot Porosity

N
(MV) 200 2 (OHMM) 2000 0 (MV) 200
Neutron Sonde
fN Tension (TENS) Pef (PEFZ)

LB 5000  0 5000 
24 in.
1500
Density, 
Three Detector D Pe
Lithology TLD
Density / 
Micro  Rxo, hmc
Cylindrically 
focussed log.

Array Induction 
Rt
Tool 1600

AIT