Cute ni AZEL
4. allow closeness to text that can alternate specific
CHAPTER 3-CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS
Content Analysis- research method for studying documents
and communication artifacts from various formats, picture,
audio, or video
Dictionary-based Approach- list of categories from
frequency list of words and control the distribution of words
and respective categories over text
Quantitative Approach- transform categories into
quantitative statistical data
5 types of text in content analysis :
1.Written text such as books and papers
2.Oral text such as speech and theatrical performance
3. iconic text like drawing, painting, icon
4. audio-visual text- TV programs, movies, videos
5. hypertexts-found on internet
TYPES OF CONTENT
ANALYSIS
1. Conceptual Analysis- existence and
frequency of context in a text
2. Relational Analysis- examining the
relationship among concepts in a text
CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
1.Concept is chosen for examination and number of
occurrences text recorded
2.Identifying research question and choosing sample
3.After choosing, text must be coded to categories
4.Process of coding is selective reduction-
5.The central idea of content analysis
6.Breaking the contents of materials to meaningful and
pertinent information
RELATIONAL ANALYSIS
1.First decide which concept will be explore for the analysis
2.Time consuming
3.Maintain high degree of statistical rigor without losing
richness of detail
HOW TO USE CONTENT
ANALYSIS
1. Prepare a coding schedule consist of a table where each
row is a unit which data is being collected
2. Coding manual is produced to accompany coding
schedule, listing code for each category
3. Elements of content are described
And organized using these categories; this process is called
coding
4. Categories are used to describe information emerges from
data; data is analyzed and findings reported
5. Coded content is analyzed for trends, patterns,
relationship, similarities
ISSUES OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
Reliability- stability or consistency of date over a period
Reproducibility- tendency for a group of coders to classify
categories membership in the same way
Accuracy- classification of text correspond to standards or
norm statistically
ADVANTAGE OF CONTENT ANALYSIS
1. looks directly at communication via text or transcript
2. allow both quantitative and qualitative operations
3. provide valuable historical insights over time
categories and relationship
5. interpret text for purposes like development of expert
system
6. analyze interactions
7. provide insight to human thought and language use
8. Relatively exact research method
DISADVANTAGE
1. time consuming
2. subject to increase error
3. Attempts liberally to draw meaningful inferences
4. reductive
5. too often to simply word counts
6. disregard the context that produce the text
7. difficult to automate or computerize
IMPORTANCE OF
CONTEXT IN ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION
1.Historical context- social, religious, economic and
political condition existed during certain time and place
2.Details of time and place a situation occurs
3.Gives better understanding and appreciation of narrative
4.Help understand what motives people to behave as they
did
5.Give meanings to details
6.Cause- action creates an outcome
7.Context- environment which action and outcome occurs
Chapter 4- Identification of the Historical Importance of
the Text
 Historical Significance-Used to evaluate what was
significance about selected events, people, and
developments in the past
 Called the forgotten concept in history
Criteria on Assessing Historical Significance of Sources
1. Relevance- is it important to people living at the
time?
2. Resonance- who were affected by the event?
3. Remarkable- was the event remarked by people
4.Remembered- Was the event important at some stage
within the collective memory of groups?
5. Revealing- Does it reveal some aspects of the past?
6. Resulting in change- Does it have consequences for the
future?
7. Durability- For how long have people’s live been
affected?
8. Quantity- How many people were affected?
9. Profundity- Was the event superficial or deeply affecting?
Historical significance is relative and varies from location to
location of the one doing the evaluation
Chapter 6.2-Historical Sources for Assessment and
Analysis
HISTORICAL SOURCES FOR
ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
1. Chronicles
2. Declaration of Principles
3. Memoirs
4. Proclamation
5. Cartoons
 6. Speech
7. Paintings
8. Films
Customs of the Tagalogs
Distinctions made among the priest of the devils:
1.Catolonan- either a man or woman, rule general in island
2.Mangagauay- witches who Deceived by pretending to heal
the sick
3. Manyisalat- same as mangagauay; has the power of
applying remedies to lovers that they would abandon and
despise them own wives; prevent them to have intercourse
with the latter. If woman is abandoning It would bring
sickness to her
4. Mancocolam- duty was to emit fire from himself at night
at himself once a month. Fire could not be extinguished nor
emitted except as priest wallowed in ordure and filth which
falls from houses
5. Hocloban- witch greater Then mangagauay. Without
medicine or by saluting or raising hand, they killed whom
they choose, destroy house of Indians hostile to them
without instruments, Catanduanes area
6. Silagan-if they saw anyone clothed to white, tear their
Liver causing his death; Catanduanes
7. Magtatangal- show himself at night to many persons
without heads or entrails, in morning it return to her body
8. Osuang- equivalent to sorcerer, fly, murdered men and ate
their flesh, Visayan island
9. Mangagayoma- made charms for lovers out of herbs,
stones and wood which infuse the heart with love, deceive
people, sometimes through intervention of devils, they
gained their ends
10. Sonat- equivalent to preacher; to help one to die at
which time he predicted the salvation or condemnation of
the soul
11. Pangatohojan- soothsayer and predicted the future
12. Bayoguin- signified a cotquean, man whose natire
inclined toward that of woman
Paghirang sa Supremo bilang Hari,Dakilang Parangal sa
pagdating ng Supremo
 9 na kilometro- mula Noveleta hanggang San Francisco
Malabon
 Balantok na kawayang may watawat- tanda ng maringal na
pagsalubong at maligayang pagbati sa dakilang panauhin
 Banda ng musika- sumalubong kay Bonifacio
 Kampana- nirupiki ng nasa pintuan na si Bonifacio
 Aranya at dambana- pawing may sindi ng ilaw
 Padre Manuel Trias- naghihintay sa mga panauhin
 Te Deum- kinanta hanggang sa dambana
 Bb. Estefania Potente- bahay na tinukuyan nina
Bonifacio
 Pamahalaang Magdiwang- gumanap sa malon ng
inihandang pagpaparangal
 Andres Bonifacio- supremo, ang pinakamataas na tungkulin
sa Haring Bayan
 Hen. Mariano Alvarez- Vi Rey ng pamunuan o pangalawang
hari, tiyuhin ng asawa ni Bonifacio na si Gregoria de Jesus
 12 bayan- nasasakupan na hindi naliligalig sa anumang
laban
 Magdiwang at Magdalo- 2 pamunuang magpipisan
 Viva Tagalog- mga hiyawan
 8 bayan sa Pamahalaang Magdalo- nagigimbal sa paghanap
sa mga kalaban
 Hen. Mariano Noriel at Hen. Pio del Pilar- mga namuno sa
labanan
 Ilog Zapote- muling namula sa dugo ng mga kalaban
The Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence
 In the town of Cavite-Viejo, province of Cavite, June
12, 1898
 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista- War Counsellor and
Special Delegate. designated to proclaim And
solemnize the Declaration of Independence Day by the
Dictatorial Government of the Philippines by virtue of
decree issued by Don Emilioy Famy
 Gen. Blanco-issue a decree of unjust deportation of
illustrious Filipino
 Gov. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- first Gov. Gen. in the
Philippines
 Ferdinand Magellan- landed on the shores of Cebu,
occupied the islands by means of Pact of Friendship
with Chief Tupas
 Chief Kalipulako- provoke the battle of Mactan,
landed in Island of Bohol, enter Blood Compact with
Chief Sikatuna
 Don Emilio Aguinaldo- president of the Republic
establish in Biak-na-Bato
 GOV. Gen Don Fernando Primo de Rivera- accept the
Biak-na-Bato fact Cavite Mutiny- San Felipe in Cavite
on January 21,1872
 3 Principal Island of the Archipelago- Luzon, Visayas,
Panay
 8 rays in the Philippine flag-
1.Manila
2.Cavite
3. Bulacan
4. Pampanga
5. Nueva Ecija
6. Bataan
7. Laguna
8. Batangas
 Red, blue, white- commemorate the US flag
Speech before the joint session of the United States
Congress (1986) by Corazon C. Aquino
 Archibald Macleish- democracy must be defended by
arms when it is attacked by rams and with truth when it
is attacked by lies
PAINTINGS
 Spolarium (1884) by Juan Luna; oil on canvas 4.22 m x
7.675m, National Museum of Fine Arts
 The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando
Amorsolo
 Raiders of the Sulu Sea (2008) 46 Mins Documentary
 Focus on Zamboanga City depicting how Spaniards
defend the city
 Fort Pilar- Spain’s last stronghold in Philippine south
 Slave raiding as retaliation On colonizers-
 Lanong, Garay, Salisipan- 3 sophisticated ships
 Pirate Monsoon- well- organized forces betweenJuly-
October
 Panglima Taupan- Balangingi Leader, exiled in Cagayan
 Dela Cruz Nuno- Mass Nuno, Ancestor of present Nuno
clan of Zamboanga
Ancestor of present Nunoclan of Zamboanga
Chapter 7- The First mass Site in the Philippines
The First Voyage Round the World by Antonio Pigafetta
 Ladrone Island- 3 island
 Saturday, March 16, 1521- arrive in island named
Zamal
 Monday, March 18, 1521-
 Cochi- fruit with palm trees bear
 Palmito- tree which liquor comes out in drops down
the tree like white must Sweet, bitter
 Cocho- fruit of palmito- large as head, first husk is
green
 Humunu- land with two springs
 Watering Place of good sign- very fresh water, found
first sign of gold
 Archipelago of St. Lazarus- stay and feast of St.
Lazarus, 10 degrees north altitude and 161 degrees longitude
from line of demarcation
 March 22- schione- gold rings suspended in ears of
these people
 Caphre- people wear holes in ears so large that they
can pass their arms through them
 March 25- Monday of Passion week, pass in the
island of Cenalo, Huinanghar, Ibusson, Abarien
 March 28, Thursday- saw small boat called Boloto
 Traprobana- captain’s slave from Sumatra
 Ballanghai- two long boats
 Raia Calambu- painted king of Zuluan island
 Raia Siani- painted king of Calagan island
 March 31- easter, the captain sent the chaplain to
say mass in a shore
 Aba- their God
Butuan or Limasawa? The Site of the First Mass in the
Philippines: A Reexamination of the Evidence
 Pigafetta- first mass is celebrated on Easter
Sunday, March 31, 1521 in an island called Mazaua
 2 chieftains attend: rajah of Mazaua, rajah of Butuan
 Mazaua- little island south of Leyte called Limasawa and
Masao at mouth of Agusan River in northern Mindanao,
now called Butuan City
Butuan Tradition
 Monument erected in 1872 near the mouth of Agusan
Butuan but today a separate municipality of Magallanes,
named after Ferdinand Magellen
 Monument is a brick pillar with marble slab
 To the Immortal Magellan: The People of Butuan with
their Parish Priest and the Spaniards therein,
commemorate his arrival and First Mass celebration on
this site on April 8, 1521 Erected in 1872 under District
Governor Jose Ma. Carvallo
 April 8, 1521- an error or clumsy attempt to translate the
original date in terms of Gregorian calendar
17th Century
 Father Francisco Colin S.J- one of Jesuit historian,
Labor Evangelica publish in Madrid in 1663
 Labor Evangelica- 3 volume edition annotated by
Fr. Pablo Pastells S.J
 Colin’s account on Magellan’s arrival: 15 degrees
North Latitude they come in 2 islands name: Las
Velas (the Sails)
12 degrees North- they come in Ladrones Island (Marianas
Island)
Few days- they saw Ibabao
Island (Samar)
Humunu- first island they touch, small uninhabited island
near Guiuan Point
Buenas Senas- they name the other islets
San Lazaro- name of the whole archipelago, Saturday of
Saint Lazarus Sunday in Lent in 1521
Easter Sunday- in territory of Butuan, the first mass is
offered and a cross planted then Magellan took formal
possession of the island
Important thing in Colin’s account- he represents the first
mass and the solemn
Planting of the cross and the formal possession of the island
 Fr. Francisco Combes S.J- other Jesuit writer,
wrote Historia de Mindanao y Jolo
 Fr. Combes Account Admiral Alonso de
Magallanes- discover the archipelago
Enter Strait of Siargao, Leyte, landing in Limasaua
3 powerful nations among Pintados (Visayans)-Caraga,
Samar, Zebu
Zebu- near to them, they pass between Bool and Leyte and
Camotes Island and reach Mandawe on April 7, 1521
 Colin and Combes compared
 Magellan visit both Limasaua and Butuan
 From Limasaua Magellan’s expedition went to
Cebu
18th Century
 Colin: Mindanao- largest island in size
 Danao-means Lake
 Maguindanao- place and dwellers of lake
 Caraga- 1st province that Faces the sea across New
Spain (Mexico)
 Did not say Magellan sighted Cape of San Agustin
(where Caraga begin) but Magellan enter
Philippine near Samar landing first at Homonhon
 Fray Juan de la Concepcion- One historians who
made error 14 volume of History of the Philippines
is publish in Manila He account that Magellan left
island las Velas Latinas or the Archipelago of San
Lazaro
 Magellan also name Marianas Island, first saw cape
of San Agustin, sailed in Caraga, entered Siargao
and landed in island of Limasawa
 He think Las Velas, Marianas Island and
Archipelago of San Lazaro were the same
19th Century
 Fr. Joaquin Martinez deZuniga- accept the Butuan
tradition
 Easter Sunday 1521- Magellan is in Butuan,
ordered mass and plant a Cross on a hill rock near
the beach
 John Foreman- March 16,1521, Magellan reached
the Ladrones Island and arrive at mouth of Butuan
River
Shift in Opinion
 Due to rediscovery and attentive study of 2 primary
sources namely: Pigafetts’s account and Albo’s log
The Evidence for Limasawa
1.Alba’s Log Book
2.Pigafetta’s Evidence
A.Testimony regarding the route
B. Pigafetta’s map
 C.2 native kings
D. 7 days at Mazaua
E. Argument from omission
3. Summary of evidence of Albo and Pigafetta
4. Confirmatory evidence from Legazpi expedition
Evidence of Albo’s Log Book
 Francisco Albo join Magellan expedition as pilot in
flagship” Trinidad”
 One of the 18 survivors of Sebastian Elcano
“Victoria”
 Keep diary- a log book
 March 16, 1521- sailed from Ladrones and saw
landname Yunagan
 Went to other island named Suluan
 They got wood and water in Gada ( Pigafetta’s
account it was Homonhon)
 They sailed at Seilani, Pigafetta call it Ceylon-was
Island of Leyte
 Turn to small island Mazava, they plant a cross on
mountain-top
 They see 3 island and they enter a channel between
2 island name Matan and Subu
 Subu- enter a peace-pact with local king
Evidence from Pigafetta
 Most complete account of Magellan’s expedition
 Eyewitness of principal events
 First mass- Philippine Archipelago, Island of Saint
Lazarus
Pigafetta’s Testimony
Regarding the Route
 March 16,1521- Saturday- Magellan sighted high
land named Zamal
 March 17,1521- landed to island Humunu
(Homonhon); named the archipelago Island of
Saint Lazarus, Sunday In Lenten season when
gospel assign was 11th chapter of St. John, raising
of Lazarus from the dead
 March 18, Monday- stay 4 days in that island,
Homonhon was name Watering Place of Good
Omen
 March 22, Friday- 8 days in In Homonhon, March
17-25
 March 25, Monday- left Homonhon, feast of
Incarnation, feast of Annunciation, Our Lady’s Day
 4 islands after Homonhon are:
1. Cenalo- Ceilon
2. Huinanghan- Hinunangan, mainland of Leyte
3. Ibusson- east of Leyte
4. Albarien
 March 28,Thursday- Mazauaisland
 April 4, Thursday- left Mazaua, bound for Cebu, 5
past island are Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baibai,
Gatighan Canighan- southwest of Leyte Camotes
Group- Poro,Pasihan, Pozon
 Sunday, April 7- enter Zubu or Cebu
Summary of Evidence of Alboand Pigafetta
 magellan enter in Samar and dropped at Homonhon
 Mazaua- south of Leyte
 Sails in Canigao Channel between Bohol and Leyte
 Magellan did not go to Butuan
Importance of Butuan
 First place in Mindanao where Christian mission
was establish
Butuan Monument
 1872- monument erected at Magallanes near
Butuan
 1953- petition submitted at National Historical
Commission for rehabilitation and re-erected of
Butuan Monument
 Luis Montilla- chairman of National Historical
Commission
Chapter 8- The Cavite Mutiny of 1872
2 Faces of 1872 Cavite Mutiny
 2 major events happen in 1872
1. 1872 Cavite Mutiny
2. Martyrdom of 3 martyr priest name Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA)
A. Spanish Version: Planned
Conspiracy
B. Filipino Version: A
Response to Injustice
A. Spanish Version: Planned Conspiracy
 Jose Montero y Vidal- highlight as attempt of
Indios to overthrow Spanish government
 Gov Gen. Rafael Izquierdo- use it to implicate the
native clergy who was Active in call for
secularization
 Main reason of revolution-Scored that the abolition
of privileges enjoyed by Cavite arsenal workers
like non-payments of tributes and labor force
exemption
 Gen. Izquierdo- report to King of Spain that the
rebels want to throw Spanish government and
install a new “hari” in the likes of Father Burgos
and Zamora
 Native clergy enticed other participant by giving
charismatic assurance that fight will not fail
because God is them and promise reward of
enjoyment, wealth and army rank
 Firing of rockets in Intramuros- signal of revolution
 January 20,1872- feast of Virgin of Loreto in
Sampaloc celebrated with fireworks
 Those in Cavite mistook that fireworks is the sign
so 200 men lead by Lieutenant Lamadrid launch
attack targeting Spanish authority in arsenal
 Iron-fisted Gen. Izqueirdo- order reinforcement to
quell the revolution
 Lieutenant Lamadrid- killed
 Other were sentence to death, suspended from law
practice, life imprisonment in Marianas Island
Filipino Version- A Response to Injustice
 Dr. Trinidad Herminigildo Pardo de Tavera- wrote the
Filipino version of this bloody tragedy in Cavite
 Action of Filipino soldiers and workers who is
dissatisfied in abolition Of Of their privilege
 He blamed Gov. Izquierdo for his cold-blooded
policies like abolition of privilege and native army
members and prohibition of founding of school of arts
and trade for the Filipinos
 January 20, 1872- 200 men Lead by Lieutenant
Lamadrid rose in arms and assassinated the
commanding officer and Spanish soldiers
 Gen. Izquierdo- order reinforcement, after 2 days the
mutiny is declared subdued
 Used by Izquierdo and Spanish friars as conspiracy To
overthrow the government
 During that time, Central Government in Madrid
announce its intention to deprive the friars all the
powers in civil government and educational institution
management
 Friars do something drastic to maintain power in the
Philippines
 Central Government of Spain- welcome an educational
decree authored by SegismundoMoret promoted the
fusion of sectarian school run by friars into a school
called Philippine Institute
 It propose the improvement Of Philippine education by
acquiring teaching position
 Native clergy zest for secularization
 The friars fearing that their influence would be a thing
of the past present theincident in Spanish Government
 Madrid Government- believe that the scheme was true
without any investigation
 Participants in the Mutiny were sentenced life
imprisonment while native clergy headed by
GOMBURZA were tried and executed by garrote
 Awake the nationalism and outbreak of Philippine
Revolution of 1896
 Edmond Plauchut- compliment Tavera for confirming
that the event happen due to discontentment of arsenal
workers and soldiers in Cavite Fort
Unvarying Truth
1.Dissatisfaction among workers in arsenal after privilege
were drawn back by Gen. Izquierdo
2.Strict and rigid policies of Gen. Izquierdo
3. Central Government failed to conduct investigation
4. Happy days of friars were numbered when Central
Government in Spain decide
to deprive them from government affairs and educational
management
5. Filipino clergy members Actively participate in
secularization to allow Filipino priest to hold parishes
6. Filipinos are active participants and they deemed it as
injustice
7. GOMBURZA execution was a blunder on Spanish part
Chapter 9- The Retraction Controversy of Rizal
Text of Rizal’s Alleged Retraction
I declare myself a Catholic and in this religion in which I
was born and educated I wish to live and died I retract with
all my heart whatever in my words, writings and
publications
And conduct has been contrary to my character as a son of
the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she
teaches and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate
Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church and as a
society prohibited by the Church The Diocesan Prelate may,
as the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this
spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the
scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God and
people may pardon me
4 Different Sources
1.December 30, 1896- 1st text publish in La Voz Española
and Diaro de Manila on the very day of Rizal’s execution,
December 30,1896
2.December 31, 1896- 2nd Text appeared in El Imparcial
after Rizal’s execution; short formula of execution
3. February 4, 1897- 3rd text appear in Barcelona, Spain on
February 14, 1897 in magazine La Juventud- anonymous
writer but after
14 years revealed as Fr. Balaguer
4. May 18, 1935- alleged “original text”; discovered by Fr.
Manuel Garcia C.M., in archdiocesan archives after it
disappear for 39 years from the afternoon of December 31,
1896
Analysis Rizal’s Retraction
 Fr. Balaguer- said he receive an exact copy of
retraction written and signed by Rizal
 Received by Fr. Balaguer in the evening preceding
Rizal’s execution
 No one claimed to have seen it except the publisher of
La Voz Española
 May 18, 1935- lost original document found but differ
from those found in Jesuits and Archbishops copies
Significant Difference between copies
1.Instead of the words “ mi cualidad” (with u) which appear
in original and newspaper Jesuits copy have “mi calidad”
(without you)
2.Jesuits copy omit the Word “Catolica” after the first
“Iglesias” which are found in original and newspaper texts
3. Jesuits copy add before the third “Iglesias” the word
“misma” not found in original newspaper
4. Fr. Balaguer text does not begin the second paragraph
Until the fifth sentences while the original copies start the
second paragraph immediately with second sentences
5. Original text have 4 commas while Fr. Balaguer copy has
11 commas
6. Fr. Balaguer copy did not have the names of witness
From text of newspaper in Manila
 20 years later- Fr. Balaguer name the witness Señor
Fresno, Chief of the Picket and Señor Moure, Adjutant
of the Plaza
 Fr. Balaguer- dictate to Rizal the short formula, he
Receive 2 original copies
1.Changes which you was made
2.That of the Archbishop was the exact copy of the
retraction signed by Rizal
 Not say it was signed by Rizal and himself
 Rizal in order to marry Josephine Bracken require to
sign a profession of faith to be approved by Cebu
Archbishop Rizal’s Handwriting
 December 30,1896- 5am- teary eyed Josephine
Bracken and Jose Rizal came
 Agent of Cuerpo de Vigilancia- Rizal and Josephine
were married
 Josephine- gifted by Rizal with classic Thomas a
Kempis book Imitations of Christ in which he inscribe
“ To my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine, December
30,1896, Jose Rizal”
 They embraced for the last time.
Chapter 10- Pugadlawin, Balintawak or Bahay
Toro
Balintawak: Cry for a
 Nationwide Revolution
 Cry of Rebellion- sweeping Spanish colonies
 Cry of Dolores- Mexico (September 10, 1810)
 Cry of Matanza- Cuba (February 24, 1895)
 August 1896- Philippines
Raging Controversy
 Cry- shouting of nationalistic slogan
 April 1895- Pamitinan Cave in Rodriguez, Rizal;
Katipunan members wrote on cave walls “ Viva la
indepencia Filipina”
 Teodora Agoncillo- emphasize Bonifacio’s tearing
of cedula before a crowd of Katipuneros and broke
out in cheers
 Emilio Aguinaldo- commissioned a “Himno de
Balintawak” to herald fighting after failure of pact
of Biyak na Bato
 September 3, 1911- monument to the Heroes of
1896 was erected in intersection of EDSA and
Andres Bonifacio Drive- North Diversion Road
 August 26,1896- Cry of Balintawak
 Cry of Pugadlawin- August 23,1896 is not accurate.
Testimony of only one witness, Dr. Pio Valenzuela is
not enough to authenticate and verify the issue
Conflicting Accounts
 Pio Valenzuela- had several version of the Cry
 August 23-25- Katipunan took meeting at Balintawak
(September 1896)
 Olive Court- investigate persons involve in rebellion
 1911- Katipunan began the meeting on August 22 and
the cry took place on August 23 at Apolonio Samson’s
house in Balintawak
 1928-1940- Cry of Pugadlawin in Melchora Aquino’s
house on August 24- now Pasong Tamo road
 With photograph of Bonifacio’s widow Gregoria de
Jesus and Katipunan members Valenzuela, Briccio
Brigido Pantas, Alfonso and Cipriano Pacheco
 1935- Valenzuela, Pantas, Pacheco- first cry of
revolution did not happen In Balintawak where the
monument is but in a place called Pugadlawin
 Philippine Historical Committee- forerunner of
National Historical Institute of NHI
 Pugadlawin- part of Sitio Gulod, Banlat, Kalookan
City
 Pres. Diosdado Macapagal- ordered that the Cry be
celebrated on August 23 and Pugadlawin as its site
The Pugadlawin Marker
 Prevalent account- Teodoro Agoncillo in Revolt of
the Philippines (1956)
 Pugadlawin- proceed upon leaving Samson’s place
in afternoon of August 22 and More than 1000 men
of Katipunan met in the yard of Juan A. Ramos-son
of Melchora Aquino on August 23 morning
 Bonifacio shouted: “ Brothers. It was agreed to
continue with the plan of revolt. My brothers, do
you
Swear to repudiate the government that suppress us? The
rebels replied: “Yes Sir”. That being the case, Bonifacio
added: bring out your cedulas and tear them to pieces to
symbolize our determination to take revolt”. They shout
“Long live the Philippines, Long live the Katipinan”
 Pres. Macapagal- order the Cry of Balintawak be
called the Cry of Pugadlawin celebrated on August
23 not August 26
 Monument- installed in front of Vinzons Halls in
Diliman Campus of UP on November 29, 1986
 Teodoro Agoncillo, 1962- place marker at
Pugadlawin site because the house of Juan Ramos
stood here in 1896 while the house of Tandang
Sora is in Pasong Tamo
 Adelina S. Rodriguez- Quezon City mayor who
create the Pugadlawin Historical Committee on
June 30, 1983 to determine the location of Juan
Ramos residence in 1896 at Pugadlawin
NHI findings
1. August 1983- Pugadlawin in Barangay Toro was
inhabited by squatter colonies
 NHI believe it was the house of Juan Ramos not
Tandang Sora
 There was an old dap-dap tree at the site when NHI
conduct survey on 1983. Dap-dap tree is not
mention by Teodoro Agoncillo, Gregorio Zaide and
Pio Valenzuela
2. Pio Valenzuela- main proponent of Pugadlawin version
was dead at the time of NHI research
3. Teodoro Agoncillo tried to locate the marker installed in
August 1962 but no longer extant in 1983
NHI- place a marker on August 23, 1984 on Seminary Road
in Barangay Bahay Toro behind Toro Hills High School in
Quezon City General Hospital and San Jose Seminary
Cartographic Changes
 Pugadlawin is not identified as barrios
 Kalookan and Balintawak-mark by Spanish and
American maps
 1943- map of Manila mark Balintawak separate
from Kalookan and Diliman
 1956, 1987, 1990 maps- confirms the existence of
Barangay Bahay Toro but do not define their
boundaries. Pugadlawin is not on these maps
 Balintawak- no longer in Quezon City but replace
by Several barangay
 Barrio Banlat- divided into barangays Tandang
Sora and Pasong Tamo
 Only Bahay Toro remains intact
 Sofronio Calderon- it would be a mistake to say
that there is such as Pugadlawin In Kalookan
Conclusion:
 Pugadlawin was never officially recognized as
place name on Philippine map before World War II
 Pugadlawin only appear inhistoriography from
1928
 Revolution have occurred In the area of Baintawak,
distinct from Kalookan and Diliman
 Even Pugadlawin is more romantic it is more
accurate to stick to original Cry of Balintawak
Turning Point
 The Cry- Filipino finally rejected Spanish colonial
dominion over Philippine Island by formally
setting their own government