Nursing Leadership and Management

BS NURSING / FOURTH YEAR

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET
Session # 2

LESSON TITLE: LICENSE TO PRACTICE NURSING Materials:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this lesson, the nursing student can:
1. Define license and registration;
2. Enumerate the requirements for registration and licensure
examination;
3. Learn the Oath of Professional Nurse;
4. Identify grounds for revocation/suspension of license; and;
5. Understand the concepts of due process.
Book, pen and notebook, index card/class list
References:
Lydia M. Venzon RN, MAN, FPCHA Ronald M.
Venzon RN, MAN (2010), Professional Nursing In
The Phillippines 11th Edition: C & E Publishing, Inc.
839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City

LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Based on the previous lesson, define profession, professional nurse and enumerate the qualifications and abilities of a
professional nurse.

MAIN LESSON

DEFINITION OF LICENSE
A license is a legal document given by the government that permits a person to offer to the public his or her skills and
knowledge in a particular jurisdiction, where such practice would otherwise be unlawful without a license.
The license to practice nursing is granted by the appropriate authority to applicants or candidates who have fulfilled
certain established requirements. Such a license permits the nurse to practice within the country or state and gives him/her
the privilege of representing herself/himself as a licensed nurse.
The appropriate authority to administer, implement, and enforce the regulatory policies of government with respect to
the regulation and licensing of the various professions and occupations under its jurisdictions is the Professional Regulation
Commission (PRC).

Need for Licensure

The primary purpose of registration is to protect the health of the people by establishing minimum standards which
qualified practitioners must meet. Licensure discourages certain persons who may be tempted to misinterpret themselves
as nurses. It is the most important tool for legal control and enforcement of nursing practice. It is also used to gather
statistical data about nurses and nursing in the country.

DEFINITION OF REGISTRATION
Registration is the recording of names of persons who have qualified under the law to practice their respective
professions.
Nurses’ names are recorder in a registry or registration book which contains the following information:
1. Full name of registrant;
2. Number and date of registration;

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3. Age, sex and place of birth;
4. Place of business;
5. Post office address;
6. Name of school, college or university from which he or she graduated or in which he or she has studied;
7. Date of such graduation or term of study, together with the time spent in the study of the profession elsewhere, if any; and
8. All other degrees granted to him or her from other institutions of learning.
A certificate of registration is issued by the PRC to show such qualification.

Registration Required
Under the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, R.A. 9173, Sections 12 and 20 state that license to practice nursing shall be
issued to those who pass the licensure examination or by reciprocity.

REGISTRATION BY RECIPROCITY (R.A. 9173, SEC. 20)

Reciprocity means mutuality in the grant and enjoyment of privileges between persons or nations. As applied to the
professions, it is a relation established by law, treaty or agreement between two countries or states, whereby each country
or state grants to citizens of each other, the privilege of being admitted to the practice of the profession within their
respective territorial jurisdictions.
Reciprocity is based on the principle of “do ut des” which means that for a country to expect a favor from another, it
should be willing to give a corresponding favor.
SEC. 20. Registration by Reciprocity. — A certificate of registration/professional license may be issued without
examination to nurses registered under the laws of a foreign state or country: Provided, That the requirements for
registration or licensing of nurses in said country are substantially the same as those prescribed under this Act: Provided,
further, That the laws of such state or country grant the same privileges to registered nurses of the Philippines on the same
basis as the subjects or citizens of such foreign state or country.
Specifically, these provisions are explained thus:
1. Nurses registered in the Philippines desiring to practice in said foreign state or country are granted under its laws the
same privileges as those accorded to its subjects or citizens and as are enforced by them. Proof of such reciprocity may be
verified from the Department of Foreign Affairs;
2. The applicant is a nurse registered under the law of her/his state or country;
3. The requirements for registration or licensing of nurses in a foreign country where the applicant is registered as nurse are
substantially the same as those prescribed under this Act; and
4. The applicant has resided in the Philippines for at least three consecutive years as provided by R.A. 5181.
Applicants for registration as nurses by reciprocity shall present to the Board of Nursing a properly completed
application on the prescribed form, together with their respective certificates of registration as nurse granted by their state or
country. In addition, the following shall be attached:
a. a certification from the Commission on Immigration and Deportation stating that they have been residents of the
Philippines for at least three (3) years prior to registration;
b. A copy of the law or petition thereof showing reciprocal practice with the Philippines; and
c. A copy of their officially approved Bachelor of Science in Nursing curriculum.
SEC. 21. Practice Through Special/Temporary Permit. A special/temporary permit may be issued by the Board to the
following persons subject to the approval of the Commission and upon payment of the prescribed fees:
(a) Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states whose service are either for a fee or free if they are internationally
well-known specialists or outstanding experts in any branch or specialty of nursing;
(b) Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states on medical mission whose services shall be free in a particular hospital,
center or clinic; and
(c) Licensed nurses from foreign countries/states employed by schools/colleges of nursing as exchange professors in a
branch or specialty of nursing;
Provided, however, That the special/temporary permit shall be effective only for the duration of the project, medical mission
or employment contract.

REGISTRATION BY EXAMINATION
A. Examination and Registration
SEC. 12. Licensure Examination. — All applicants for registration as a nurse and issuance of a certificate of registration
and professional identification card to practice nursing shall be required to pass a written examination which shall be given
by the Board in such places and dates as maybe designated by the Commission: Such examination must be in accordance
with and fully compliant with RA No. 8981, otherwise known as the “PRC Modernization Act of 2000.”
SEC. 13. Qualifications for Admission to the Licensure Examination. In order to be admitted to the examination for
nurses, an applicant must, at the time of filing his/her application, establish to the satisfaction of the Board he or she

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(a) Is a citizen of the Philippines, or a citizen or subject of a country which permits Filipino nurses to practice within its
territorial limits on the same basis as the subject or citizen of such country: Provided, That the requirements for the
registration or licensing of nurses in said country are substantially the same as those prescribed in this Act;
(b) Is of good moral character; and
(c) Is a holder of a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from a college or university that complies with the standards of nursing
education duly recognized by the proper government agency.

B. Requirements for Examination

For purposes of applying for the nursing licensure examination, the following documents are required of each applicant:
1. Original transcript of records with Special Order from the Department of education, Culture and Sports unless he/she is a
graduate of a level II accredited nursing program;
2. For state colleges and universities, original transcript of records with date of graduation;
3. Record of actual related learning experiences for the entire Bachelor of Science in Nursing program duly signed by the
Chief Nurse of the hospital or her duly authorized representative in addition to that of the Dean of the nursing school and the
clinical instructor;
4. Actual number of operating room scrubs and deliveries assisted, signed by the Chief Nurse or her duly authorized
representative in addition to that of the Dean of the nursing school and the clinical instructor;
5. Where applicable:
a. Birth Certificate;
b. Marriage Certificate;
c. Alien Certificate of Naturalization, and
d. Clearance showing dismissal of case from the Court of Prosecutor’s Office, if any.
The application form, together with the requirements, should be filed at the Professional Regulation Commission ten (10)
days prior to the first day of examination.
C. Fees for Examination and Registration
Applicants for licensure and for registration shall pay prescribed fees set by the Commission.
D. Scope of Examination
SEC. 14. Scope of Examination. — The scope of the examination for the practice of nursing in the Philippines shall be
determined by the Board. The Board shall take into consideration the objectives of the nursing curriculum, the broad areas
of nursing, and other related disciplines and competencies in determining the subjects of examinations.
Since May 1994, an integrated comprehensive nursing licensure examination has been designed to better measure the
level of competence or proficiency rather than the compartmentalized subject area examination. It cuts across clinical
nursing areas where examinees answer questions that necessitate recognition and understanding of concepts, theories,
and principles as well as the skills and attitudes involved in a given test problem situation. It draws knowledge from the five
broad areas of nursing - Fundamentals of Nursing; Maternal and Child Nursing; Community Health Nursing; Nursing of
Adolescents, Adults, and Aged; and Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, including Physiology and Anatomy,
Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Microbiology and Diet Therapy.
The examination shall be divided into four parts organized around four major goals in nursing: promotive, preventive,
curative, and rehabilitative.
E. Citizenship Requirements
The following are citizens of the Philippines as per Article IV Section 1-5 of the 1987 Philippines Constitution.
Section 1.
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the Constitution;
(2) Those who elect Philippine citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of 1935.
Section 2. A female citizen of the Philippines who marries an alien shall retain her Philippine citizenship, unless by her
act or omission she is deemed, under the law, to have renounced her citizenship.
Section 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided for by law.
Section 4. A natural-born citizen is one who is a citizen of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to
acquire or perfect the Philippine citizenship.
In jus sanguinis doctrine, the nationality of a person is determined by the law of his descent or parentage; the child
follows the citizenship of his father.
In jus soli doctrine, the nationality of a person is determined by the law of the place of his birth; the child born in a foreign
country, whatever may be the citizenship of the father, is a citizen of that country.
Naturalization is the act of adopting a foreigner and giving him the privileges of a native citizen.
F. Rating of the Nursing Licensure Examination
SEC. 15. Ratings. — In order to pass the examination, an examinee must obtain a general average of at least
seventy-five percent (75%) with a rating of not below sixty percent (60%) in any subject. An examinee who obtains an
average rating of seventy-five percent (75%) or higher but gets a rating below sixty percent (60%) in any subject must take
the examination again but only in the subject or subjects where he/she is rated below sixty percent (60%). In order to pass

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the succeeding examination, an examinee must obtain a rating of at least seventy-five percent (75%) in the subject or
subjects repeated.
Renewal examination shall be taken within two years after the last failed examination.
Reconsideration of Ratings. Requests for reconsideration of ratings may be entertained only on grounds of mechanical,
clerical or clear errors; or if it is conclusively shown that there had been malfeasance in the rating of papers. Such requests
should be filed with the Commission within ninety (90) days from the date of the official release of the examination results. It
is only after the review of the test papers that the examinee shall file the request for reconsideration in accordance with the
aforecited provision.
OATH-TAKING OF NURSES
Oath
All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to take an oath of profession before the Board or any
government official authorized to administer oaths prior to entering the nursing practice.
The schedule of mass oath-taking (date and place) is within fifteen days upon the release of the results of the licensure
examination, which is included in a press release by the Professional Regulation Commission.
The professional oath includes a pledge to support and defend the Constitution, bear true faith and allegiance to the
same, obey the laws, legal orders and decrees promulgated by the duly constituted authorities of the Philippines and
adherence to the ethical and professional standards of nursing.
The Commission, during the mass oath-taking, is assisted by the accredited professional organization. At this time, the
nurses are included as new members of their professional organization.

Oath of Professional Nurses

I, _______________ of _____________ hereby

solemnly swear that I will support and defend the
Constitution of the Philippines; that I will bear true faith
and allegiance to the same; that I will obey the laws, legal
orders, and executive orders promulgated by the duly
constituted authorities of the Republic of the Philippines;
and that I impose this obligation upon myself voluntarily,
without mental reservation or purpose of evasion.
I further solemnly swear that at all times and places
I will adhere closely to the ethical and professional rules
generally accepted by the Nursing Profession in the
Philippines, and that I will well and faithfully discharge
to the best of my ability the duties and obligations
incumbent upon a legally authorized nurse practitioner.
So help me God.

Issuance of Certificate of Registration/Professional License and Professional Identification Card

A certificate of registration/professional license as a nurse shall be issued to an applicant who passes the examination
upon payment of the prescribed fees. Every certificate of registration/professional license shall show the full name of
registrant, the serial number, the signature of the Chairperson of the Commission and of the Members of the Board, and the
official seal of the Commission.
A professional identification card, duly signed by the Chairperson of the Commission, bearing the date of registration,
license number and the date of issuance and expiration thereof shall likewise be issued to every registrant upon payment of
the required fees.

ANNUAL REGISTRATION
Every practicing professional or practitioner of the occupations regulated by the Professional Regulation Commission
shall pay fee for three (3) years which shall be paid on the professional’s birth month.
Should a professional fail to pay the annual registration fee on his/her birth month on the expiry year that it is due, a
surcharge of twenty percent shall be charged and for each calendar year thereafter that payment has not been made. It after
a lapse of five continuous years from the year it was last paid the annual registration fee has never been paid, the
delinquent’s certificate of registration shall be considered suspended and the practitioner’s name shall be dropped from the
annual roster for not having been in good standing. The professional may be reinstated only upon application and payment
of the required fee provided for registration as nurse without examination. Should a register nurse practitioner desire to stop
practicing his/her profession, he/she should inform the Board concerned in writing within one year from the time that he/she
stopped practicing in order to exempt him/her from the payment of annual registration fee. Should he/she intend to resume
practice his/her name shall be reinstated in the annual roster.

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 The annual registration card, at least for the calendar year immediately preceding, shall be presented to the collection
agent of the Bureau of Internal Revenue when paying his/her professional tax. The registration number, date of issuance,
and the year shown on the card shall be indicated on the official receipt as evidence that the payor is authorized by law to
practice the profession.
Automatic Registration of Nurses
All nurses whose names appear at the roster of nurses shall be automatically or ipso facto registered as nurses under
this Act upon its effectivity.

Non-registration and Non-issuance of Certificates of Registration/Professional License of Special/Temporary

Permit
No person convicted by final judgement of any criminal offense involving moral turpitude or any person guilty of immoral
or dishonorable conduct or any person declared by the court to be of unsound mind shall be registered and issued a
certificate of registration/professional license or a special/temporary permit.
The board shall furnish the applicant a written statement setting forth the reasons for its actions, which shall be
incorporated in the records of the Board.

RENEWAL OF THE NURSE’S LICENSE

Every registered nurse shall renew his/her license every three years with the Professional Regulation Commission on
the form prescribed, not later than the due date indicated in the Professional Regulation Commission license card and pay
the prescribed fee.
PRC Resolution Number 20047-179 series of 2004 entitled “Standardized Guidelines and Procedures for the
Implementation of the Continuing Professional Education Professionals” requires that the total CPE credits for registered
professionals with a Baccalaureate Degree shall be sixty (60) credits for three year. Any excess credits earned shall not be
carried over to the next three-year period except for doctoral and masteral degrees.

REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF CERTIFICATES OF REGISTRATION

The license to practice nursing is not a permanent or vested right since it may be granted upon condition and it may be
held subject to conditions. If these conditions are breached or violated, the authority that issues such may revoke this
license. A license cannot be revoked arbitrarily, it can only be revoked for special causes.
As provided by the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 R.A. 9173, Section 23, the Nursing Board of the Professional
Regulation Commission shall have the power to revoke or suspend the certificate or registration/professional license or
cancel the special/temporary permit of a nurse upon any of the following grounds:
(a) For any of the causes mentioned in Section 22 of RA 9173;
(b) For unprofessional and unethical conduct;
(c) For gross incompetence or serious ignorance;
(d) For malpractice or negligence in the practice of nursing;
(e) For the use of fraud, deceit, or false statements in obtaining a certificate of registration/professional license or a
temporary/special permit;
(f) For violation of this Act, the implementing rules and regulations, Code of Ethics for nurses and Code of Technical
Standards for nursing practice, policies of the Board and the Commission, or the conditions and limitations for the issuance
of the temporary/special permit; or
(g) For practicing his/her profession during his/her suspension from such practice;
Provided, however, That the suspension of the certificate of registration/professional license shall be for a period not
exceeding four (4) years.

RE-ISSUANCE OF REVOKED CERTIFICATES

SEC. 24. Re-issuance of Revoked Certificates and Replacement of Lost Certificates. The Board may, after the
expiration of a maximum of four (4) years from the date of revocation of a certificate, for reasons of equity and justice and
when the cause for revocation has disappeared or has been cured and corrected, upon proper application therefor and the
payment of the required fees, issue another copy of the certificate of registration/professional license.
A new certificate of registration/professional license to replace the certificate that has been lost, destroyed or mutilated
may be issued, subject to the rules of the Board.
Suspension means that the nurse is not allowed to practice temporarily until final judgement of the case against him or
her is rendered. The license is not confiscated.
On the other hand, revocation means that the license to practice is confiscated either temporarily or permanently.

Prohibitions in the Practice of Nursing

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 A fine of not less than fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) nor more than one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) or
imprisonment of not less than one (1) year nor more than six (6) years, or both, upon the discretion of the court, shall be
imposed upon:
(a) any person practicing nursing in the Philippines within the meaning of this Act:
(1) without a certificate of registration/professional license and professional identification card or special temporary permit or
without having been declared exempt from examination in accordance with the provision of this Act; or
(2) who uses as his/her own certificates of registration/professional license and professional identification card or special
temporary permit of another; or
(3) who uses an invalid certificate of registration/professional license, a suspended or revoked certificate of
registration/professional license, or an expired or cancelled special/temporary permit; or

(4) who gives any false evidence to the Board in order to obtain a certificate of registration/professional license, a
professional identification card or special permit; or
(5) who falsely poses or advertises as a registered and licensed nurse or uses any other means that tend to convey the
impression that he/she is a registered and licensed nurse; or
(6) who appends B.S.N./R.N. (Bachelor of Science in Nursing/Registered Nurse) or any similar appendage to his/her name
without having been conferred said degree or registration; or
(7) who, as a registered and licensed nurse, abets or assists the illegal practice of a person who is not lawfully qualified to
practice nursing.

(b) any person or the chief executive officer of a juridical entity who undertakes in-service educational programs or who
conducts review classes for both local and foreign examination without permit/clearance from the Board and the
Commission; or

(c) any person or employer of nurses who violate the minimum base pay of nurses and the incentives and benefits that
should be accorded them as specified in Sections 32 and 34; or

(d) any person or the chief executive officer of a juridical entity violating any provision of this Act and its rules and
regulations.

DUE PROCESS OF LAW

Concepts of Due Process
Under the Bill of Rights provided in the Constitution of the Philippines, “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or
property without due process of law nor shall any person be denied equal protection of the laws.
The term “due process of law” is defined as a “law which means before it condemns, which proceeds upon inquiry and
renders judgment only after trial”. This means that every citizen shall hold his life, liberty, property and immunities under
protection of the general rule which governs society. Due process of law means such exercise of the powers of the
government as the settled maxim of law permits and sanctions. The fundamental requirement of due process of law is an
opportunity for hearing and defense.

FUNDAMENTALS REQUIREMENTS OF DUE PROCESS

Following are the fundamental requirements of due process as provided in Article III Section 14 of the New Constitution:
stating that no person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
The Constitutional rights of the accused are enumerated as follows:
1. The accused is presumed innocent until the contrary is proved;
2. The right to free access to the courts and adequate legal assistance;
3. The right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his/her own choice. If he/she
cannot afford the services of a counsel, he/she must be provided one;
4. The right to bail and protection against excessive bail;
5. The right to presumption of innocence until the contrary is proved;
6. The right to be heard by himself/herself and counsel;
7. The right to be informed of the nature or the cause of the accusation against him/her;
8. The right to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial;
9. The right to meet the witness face to face;
10. The right to have a compulsory process to secure the attention of witnesses face to face and the production of
evidence on his/her behalf;
11. The right against self-incrimination;
12. The right, when under investigation for the commission of an offense, to remain silent and to counsel, and to be
informed of his/her right;
13. The right against the use of force, violence, threat, intimidation or any other means which vitiates the free will;

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 14. The right against cruel and usual punishment;
15. The right against excessive fines; and
16. The right against double jeopardy.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed. You
are given 20 minutes for this activity:

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following defines a license?

a. Record of names of persons
b. Recorded in a registry
c. A legal document given by the government
d. Mutuality in the grant and enjoyment of privileges between persons or nations
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who is the appropriate authority to administer, implement, and enforce the regulatory policies of government with
respect to the regulation and licensing of the various professions?
a. Congress
b. President of the Philippines
c. Board of Nursing
d. PRC
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Nurses’ names are recorder in a registry or registration book which contains the following information: SATA
a. Place of business;
b. Post office address;
c. Name of school, college or university from which he or she graduated or in which he or she has studied;
d. Date of such graduation or term of study, together with the time spent in the study of the profession elsewhere,
if any
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In what section of the RA 9173 was registration by reciprocity defined?

a. 20
b. 21
c. 13
d. 14
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. In registration by reciprocity, how many years does the applicant needs to reside in the Philippines?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANSWER: ________

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RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Which of the following competencies is not included in the integrated comprehensive nursing licensure examination?
a. Theoretical Foundations of Nursing
b. Maternal and Child Nursing
c. Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing
d. Pharmacology and Therapeutics
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. This doctrine states that the nationality of a person is determined by the law of his descent or parentage?
a. Jus soli
b. Jos suli
c. Jus sanguinis
d. Jus sanguinos
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. The schedule of mass aoth-taking is within how many days upon the release of the results?
a. 2 years
b. 90 days
c. 15 days
d. 1 year
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What PRC resolutions requires professionals to have a total of 60 CPE credits before renewal of license?
a. Article IV Section 1-5
b. PRC Resolution Number 2004-179 series of 2004
c. PRC Resolution Number 179-2004 series of 2004
d. PRC Resolution Number 2002-179 series of 2002
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. The following are grounds for revocation/suspension of a professional’s license. SATA
a. For any of the causes mentioned in Section 22 of RA 7164;
b. For unprofessional and unethical conduct;
c. For gross incompetence or serious ignorance;
d. For malpractice or negligence in the practice of nursing;
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________

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 RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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6. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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7. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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8. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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9. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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10. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON WRAP-UP

You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Strategy: One-Minute Paper

This activity is to evaluate what you learned after the discussion and the activity.
1) What was the most useful or the most meaningful thing you have learned this session?

2) What question(s) do you have as we end this session?

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