ASSIGNMENT#2: THE HUMAN BODY

NAME: HERRERA, FATIMA MARIE S.

COURSE AND BLOCK SECTION: BSCE/PCEIT-02-101A
DATE: SEPTEMBER 14, 2022
NAME OF PROF. MR. MARTY LUSANTA

1. Define Body.
➢ The entire material or physical structure of an organism, especially of a
human. The physical structure of a person or an animal, including the bones,
flesh, and organs
2. What are the different body types according to Ernst Kretschmer?
➢ the tall
➢ thin asthenic type
➢ the more muscular athletic type
➢ the rotund pyknic types
3. What are the different body types according to William Sheldon?
➢ slim ectomorphs - quiet and restrained
➢ muscular mesomorphs - active and assertive
➢ smooth endomorphs - are relaxed and sociable
4. What is a Skeletal System?
➢ The skeletal system works as a support structure for your body. It gives the
body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for
organs and stores minerals. The skeletal system is also called the
musculoskeletal system.
5. What are the different types of bones?
➢ Flat Bones Protect Internal Organs - The function of flat bones is to protect
internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs. Flat bones are
somewhat flattened, and can provide protection, like a shield; flat bones can
also provide large areas of attachment for muscles.
➢ Long Bones Support Weight and Facilitate Movement - Long bones function
to support the weight of the body and facilitate movement. Long bones are
mostly located in the appendicular skeleton and include bones in the lower
limb’s bones in the upper limbs
➢ Short Bones Are Cube-shaped - are about as long as they are wide. Located in
the wrist and ankle joints, short bones provide stability and some movement.
➢ Irregular Bones Have Complex Shapes - Irregular bones vary in shape and
structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or
sesamoid). They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect
internal organs.
➢ Sesamoid Bones Reinforce Tendons- bones embedded in tendons. These
small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees,
and feet. Sesamoid bones function to protect tendons from stress and wear.
The patella, commonly referred to as the kneecap, is an example of a
sesamoid bone.
ASSIGNMENT#2: THE HUMAN BODY

6. Define Muscular system.

➢ The muscular system is a set of tissues in the body with the ability to change
shape. Muscle cells connect together and eventually to elements of the
skeletal system. When the muscle cells contract, force is created as the
muscles pull against the skeleton.
7. What are the 3 types of muscle?
➢ Skeletal: As part of the musculoskeletal system, these muscles work with
your bones, tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones
all over your body. Together, they support the weight of your body and help
you move. You control these voluntary muscles. Some muscle fibers contract
quickly and use short bursts of energy (fast-twitch muscles). Others move
slowly, such as your back muscles that help with posture.
➢ Cardiac: These muscles line the heart walls. They help your heart pump
blood that travels through your cardiovascular system. You don’t control
cardiac muscles. Your heart tells them when to contract.
➢ Smooth: These muscles line the insides of organs such as the bladder,
stomach and intestines. Smooth muscles play an important role in many
body systems, including the female reproductive system, male reproductive
system, urinary system and respiratory system. These types of muscles work
without you having to think about them. They do essential jobs like move
waste through your intestines and help your lungs expand when you breathe.
8. Define Posture.
➢ Posture is defined as the attitude assumed by the body either with support
during the course of muscular activity, or as a result of the coordinated action
performed by a group of muscles working to maintain the stability. It is the
position in which you hold your body upright against gravity while standing,
sitting, or lying down.
9. Define Alignment.
➢ Alignment refers to how the head, shoulders, spine, hips, knees and ankles
relate and line up with each other. Proper alignment of the body puts less
stress on the spine and helps you have good posture.
10. Define Placement.
➢ The action of putting someone or something in a particular place or the fact
of being placed.
11. What are the benefits of correct alignment and placement?
➢ Knowing how to move, sit and stand properly can help you stay active and prevent
broken bones and disability. Proper posture can also help to limit the amount of
kyphosis, or forward curve of the upper back, that can result from broken bones in
the spine. Good posture involves training your body to stand, walk, sit and lie in
positions where the least strain is placed on supporting muscles and ligaments
during movement or weight-bearing activities.