Core 

The earth’s core is an extra hot solid ball with an approximately radius of 760 MI (1220km). It’s
just 30% smaller than the moon. The earth’s mass is 5.6 sextillion tons. The core is found about
2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) below Earth’s surface, and has a radius of about 3,485
kilometers (2,165 miles).  Planet Earth is older than the core.  The core composed od Iron and
nickel. Core composed of iron and nickel.
There are two types of Core:
1. Inner core-  Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the
Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres,
which is about 20% of the Earth's radius or 70% of the Moon's radius.
There are no samples of the Earth's core available for direct
measurement, as there are for the Earth's mantle.  (Wikipedia)
2. Outer core-  Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about 2,400 km (1,500
mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's
solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies 2,890 km
(1,800 mi) beneath Earth's surface.

Gutenberg Discontinuity

The Gutenberg Discontinuity is boundary between Core and Mantle at depth of about 2800km.
The Gutenberg Discontinuity is discovered in 1913 by Beno Gutenberg was a scientist and
seismologist who studied the inner layers of the Earth. The boundary between the core and the
mantle does not remain constant. As the heat of Earth’s interior is constantly but slowly
dissipating, the molten core within Earth gradually solidifies and shrinks, causing the core-
mantle boundary to slowly move deeper and deeper within Earth’s core. Geophysicists believe
that as the interior of Earth cools, the inner solid core increases in size by centimeters each
year.

 
Mantle 

 A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.
Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the
planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone
differentiation by density. Mantle has two distinct section the upper and the lower mantle. The
entire mantle is about 1800 miles thick. The temperature of mantle nearly ranges up to  900 to
1600 degrees fahrenheit. Mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth and makes up about 84% of
Earth’s volume. 
There are two types of Mantle:
1. Upper mantle- begins just beneath the crust and ends at the lower mantle.
The thickness of the upper mantle is between 200-250 miles. Upper mantle
material which has come up onto the surface is made up of about 55%
olivine and 35% pyroxene and 5 to 10% of calcium oxide and aluminum
oxide. The upper mantle is dominantly peridotite, composed primarily of
variable proportions of the minerals olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene,
and an aluminous phase.
 2. Lower mantle- is as hot as 7000 degrees fahrenheit.The most common
compound is silicate perovskite, made up of magnesium, iron, silicon and
oxygen. The other common main component of the lower mantle is
ferropericase, which is made of magnesium, iron and oxygen.

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

The mohorovicic discontinuity also known as the Moho Discontinuity is boundary between
mantle and crust. The Mohorovicic Discontinuity was discovered in 1909 by Andrija
Mohorovicic, a Croatian seismologist. Mohorovicic realized that the velocity of a seismic wave is
related to the density of the material that it is moving through. He interpreted the acceleration of
seismic waves observed within Earth's outer shell as a compositional change within the Earth.
The acceleration must be caused by a higher density material being present at depth.

Crust 

Crust outer most solid part of the earth, during the earthquake it is the crust break easily
causing a fault. It makes up only 1% of the planets mass. The crust of the Earth is composed of
a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The crust is underlain by the
mantle. The temperature of the crust increases with depth, reaching values typically in the range
from about 500 °C (900 °F) to 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) at the boundary with the underlying mantle.
The crust and underlying relatively rigid mantle make up the lithosphere. Because of convection
in the underlying plastic, although non-molten, upper mantle and asthenosphere, the lithosphere
is broken into tectonic plates that move. Crust is the outer thin layer with the total thickness
normally between 30-50km. The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental
areas.
There are 2 types of crust:
1. OCEANIC CRUST- is made up of different types of  baslts. At the ocean floor the crust
can be as 5miles thick. Underwater mountain ranges (mid ocean range) where tectonic
plates pull apart from earth other causes oceanic crust to formed. Oceanic crust is
destroyed in subduction zone or one tectonic plates slides under another. 
2. Continental crust-  is mostly formed in different types of granites. Earth’s tallest mountain
ranges are where the crust thickness nearly  45 miles deep. Cratons is the oldest and
most stable areas of continental crust. They are divided into two types the shields and
the platforms.
Shields-  are ancient rocks in the interior of continents expose the atmosphere. 
Platforms-  oldest underlying rocks formation or basement rock is buried in sediment.